Walter Scott: lalifupi mbiri ndi zilandiridwenso

Walter Scott, amene yonena akufotokozedwa mu nkhani iyi, ndi wolemba otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse chiyambi Scotland. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti - woyambitsa wa buku mbiri. Mwinamwake, mu dziko lophunzira palibe anthu amene sali bwino Knight wake Ivanhoe, Rob Roy, kapena mbiri.

Childhood ndi unyamata

Sir Walter anabadwa mu Edinburgh mu August 1771. Banja lake anali kwambiri wolemera komanso ophunzira. Atate - Valter Dzhon - anali wazamalamulo. Mayi - Anna Rutherford - anali mwana wa katswiri wa mankhwala. Banjalo ana atatu. Wolemba anabadwa chinayi, koma nthawi akamafika miyezi isanu ndi umodzi Yesu anamusiya ndi abale atatu okha.

Kuseri kwa akufa akanatha wapita yekha Valter Skott. Mwachidule yonena za ana silitchula mfundo izi. Koma mu January 1772 mwanayo anali kudwala. Madokotala anandipeza ndi ziwalo infantile. Achibale akhagopa kuti mwanayo kukhala amodzi koma pambuyo zambiri mpheto akangofika madokotala anatha anamuika iye pa mapazi ake. Mwatsoka, mpaka mapeto a kubwezeretsa sayenda analephera, ndi Sir Walter anali wolumala kwa moyo.

Kangapo iye ankayenera kuti alandire yaitali mankhwala a zotsatira za matenda khanda pa osangalalira.

Ambiri a ubwana wake anakhalitsa mu Sendinou zodabwitsa malo kumene kunali munda wa agogo ake.

Nditakwanitsa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, anabwerera makolo ake Edinburgh, ndi kupita ku sukulu kuyambira 1779. kulumala thupi kuposa m'malo iye ndi malingaliro tikuyamba ndi kukumbukira phenomenal.

Nditamaliza sukulu ya sekondale, Walter Scott, kanthawi mbiri yomwe ndi nkhani kwambiri, akupita ku koleji m'deralo.

Panthawi imeneyi anayamba kuchita kukwera mapiri, kachiwiri chifukwa cha matenda. Sport ntchito anathandiza munthu wamng'ono kwambiri ndi n'kulandira ulemu anzake. Iye kuwerenga kwambiri, ndi kusamala kwambiri nthano Scotland, m'Chiarabu. Sir Walter anaphunzira German kuti amvetsetse bwino alakatuli German, amene ntchito yawo komanso amakonda sukulu.

Monga mmodzi wa mabwenzi ake nadzinenera kuti iye - ndi wongonena zodabwitsa, ndi zinthu mu olemba opambana. Koma Scott anali ndi cholinga china: akufuna digiri amalamulo.

ntchito

Zimenezi zinachitika mu 1792, pamene tsogolo mabuku otchuka wapirira mayeso yunivesite. Iye anapatsidwa dipuloma, ndi Valter Skott, amene yonena ndi chitsimikizo cha bwino wolemba, anatsegula malamulo ake kumapeto.

Mu 1791, Scott amalowa kukambirana kalabu, amakhala msungichuma wake ndi mlembi. Kenako, kuwerenga nkhani pa mitu ya kusintha aphungu ndi chitetezo chokwanira milandu.

Scott anapanga wotetezera choyamba mu mayesero wachifwamba 1793 mu Jedburgh.

Chifukwa chikhalidwe cha ntchito zawo Sir Walter anakhala nthawi pang'ono mu Edinburgh, wayenda kwambiri kuzungulira dera, kutenga mbali m'zochitika zosiyanasiyana bwalo. Mu 1795 anapita Gelloueye, pamene iye anachita loya wa chipani mlandu.

Sataya zowawa zake mabuku ndi kubweretsa aliyense ulendo wake zambiri folklore zakuthupi, mbiri nthano wamba.

Mofanana 1795 Edinburgh Corporation amasankha maloya ake woyang'anira laibulale, monga Scott ambiri odziwa nkhani imeneyi.

Chikondi cha ndakatulo ndi kulemba ndipo ali pafupifupi ziribe mphamvu pa ntchito yaikulu Valtera Skotta.

Atalenga wa asilikali English - mu 1796 - analowa Royal Dragoons, kumene anaikidwa quartermaster.

Kuyambira 1799 nyuzipepala ya kumaloko iyamba kusindikiza nkhani Scott pa nkhani zamalamulo. Mu chaka chomwecho anaikidwa Shefifi Selkirkshira.

Mu 1806 anaikidwa wolowa bwalo kalaliki ku Edinburgh George. Houma. Mu 1812, pambuyo pa imfa yake, Scott itagwa ntchito ndi ndalama mapaundi 1300 pa chaka. Ntchito imeneyi imafunika wolemba kukhalapo tsiku kukhoti, koma, ngakhale kuti mabukuwo si chilakolako fizzles.

ntchito ndakatulo

Walter Scott, kanthawi yonena kuti si kulolera zinthu zonse za moyo wake chidwi, ankayenda pofunafuna m'Chiarabu wakale ndi nkhani, amene anafuna kufalitsa.

ntchito yake monga wolemba anayamba ndi kusinthika. Zinachitikira woyamba anali German ndakatulo Burger, amene ndakatulo ( "Lenore", "Wild Hunter") ndi kusinthidwa kwa anthu a ku United Kingdom. Ndiyeno panali Goethe ndipo ndakatulo yake "Goetz Von Berlichingen".

Mu 1800 iye analemba woyamba ballad pachiyambi "Ivanov usiku." Mu 1802-mamita maloto ake oona - mu kuwala lotulukira kope la "Songs wa Scottish Borders," amene anasonkhana folklore zinthu linasindikizidwa.

Walter Scott, amene yonena wakhala admirers chidwi cha ntchito yake, mu kamphindi anatchuka kwambiri. Kuyambira 1807 mpaka 1815, kenako anamasula ambiri achikondi ntchito anamuika wotchuka ngati Albucasis ndi wanzeru lyric-epic ndakatulo.

njira wamba

Kufika pa kulemba mabuku Walter Scott adakayika bwino choncho, ngakhale kuti anali wodziwika kwa anthu. Wake woyamba prose ntchito "Waverley" anatuluka mu 1814. Osati kunena kuti yapindula bwino ndi ulemerero, koma anali wofunika kwambiri otsutsa ndi kuwerenga wamba.

Kwa nthawi yaitali, Scott maganizo zimene mtundu wanyimbo kuti lemba lake mabuku. chakuti ogwirizana ndi mbiriyakale, wolemba mosakayikira. Koma kuti akhale osiyana ndi kubweretsa chinthu chatsopano mabuku lonse, zachitika kwathunthu watsopano dongosolo ndipo potero Pangani ndi mtundu wanyimbo wa mbiri buku. M'menemo muli yekha umunthu weniweni ndi maziko chinyezimiro cha chi ndi patsogolo nkhani zopeka, tsoka limene zimakhudza zochitika m'mbiri.

Walter Scott, yonena ndi zilandiridwenso chomwe chili ndi kukonda m'mbuyomu, analemba moyo wake mabuku twente eyiti. Izi ndi ntchito zosaneneka a wolemba, kuyambira buku loyamba linasindikizidwa pamene anali ndi zaka makumi awiri!

Mpaka 1819, mankhwala loyamba Scott analemba ndi lathu pachimake chikhalidwe ndi mbiri yakale. Mwachitsanzo, "Oyeretsa" (za anthu kutsutsana ndi Stuart mafumu), "Rob Roy" (a Scottish Robin nyumba) ndi zina zotero D..

Pambuyo nkhani chimagwirira ntchito zambiri kwambiri. Ngati kale wolemba kungofuna mbiri Scotland, koma tsopano akutembenukira kwa zochitika mu England ndi France ( "Ivanhoe", "Kventin Dorvard").

Kuyambira 1820, Walter Scott, amene yonena kuti kukhala gwero la kudzoza kwa olemba zambiri, mabuku angapo a mbiri ( "History of Scotland," "Moyo wa Napoleon Bonaparte").

Iye anakhala wopambana ku dziko lake. Walter Scott, mbiri, ntchito yake inali yofunika kwambiri kwa Chi, anaonetsetsa kuti dziko lonse kudziwa mbiri ya kwawo pogwira ntchito yake zolembalemba.

Ivanhoe

Kwa wowerenga Russian zofunika kwambiri mu zolemba za wolemba ndi buku lake "Ivanhoe". malo ake ku sukulu, iwo werengani anyamata amene ndimalota za ulemerero Knight ndi chikondi mtsikana, njala chikondi.

Kale m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, ichi buku ndi mabuku alitcha tingachipeze powerenga. Kufalitsidwa ndi kufulumizitsa kugulitsa mabuku panthawiyo anali chabe phenomenal.

buku, chidwi linaperekedwa yekha ndi chikhalidwe English. Mlembi ananena zinachitika mu ulamuliro wa Richard Woyamba. Chifukwa cha chiwembu anali kulimbana pakati pa Saxon ndi Normandy.

Buku wakhala anajambula kanayi ndi kawiri kusinthidwa kwa opera.

imfa wolembayo

Moyo wa Valtera Skotta anali amazipanga otanganidwa, wopambana ndipo mosakayikira osangalala. Koma matenda ndiponso kusapezeka kwa mpumulo anadzipereka mwake.

Mu 1830, pambuyo sitiroko ndi wolemba analumala dzanja. A September 21, 1832 kudwala mtima, omwe anapha moyo wa Sir Walter.

moyo

Walter Scott, yonena wathunthu adzakhala anafotokoza atangomwalira wolembayo, anali munthu wokhulupirika ndi lemekezedwa. Iye anagwa mu chikondi kawiri m'moyo wake. Kwa nthawi yoyamba izo zinachitika mu 1791. Zinali Villaminaya Belshes, mwana wamkazi wa loya ku Edinburgh. Koma iye ankakonda iye banki ya.

Mu 1796, Scott anakumana ndi French Sharlottoy Sharpante, amene anakwatira chaka chotsatira. Banjalo ana anayi (Sofia, Walter, Anna, Charles).

mfundo zosangalatsa

1. Mlembi loyamba la mabuku a zinatuluka mosadziwika, kenako pansi pa pseudonym Waverley.
2. Ambiri amadziwa Buku la wolemba muli nokha kwa ndalama zonse kamodzi kuwerenga buku, amene kamodzinso zimatsimikizira mfundo kukumbukira lake labwino.
3. Zinali Scott amene anayambitsa mawu akuti "freelancer", ntchito mu buku lake "Ivanhoe".