Andrey Bely - Russian ndakatulo, wolemba ndi wotsutsa. Wambiri ya Andrei Bely, zilandiridwenso

Wambiri ya Andrei Bely, ndi zotsutsana zake zonse ndi chithunzi chooneka bwino cha lothandiza yovuta, yomwe nkhani mbali yaikulu ya moyo wa woganiza amenewa ndi Mipikisano aluso munthu. mabuku Russian m'zaka za m'ma makumi awiri, ndipo makamaka ndakatulo, simungathe kulingalira popanda izo. Andrey Bely, kanthawi mbiri yomwe wofu- chidwi zachiphamaso kwambiri za malo ake ndi tanthauzo mu ambiri nkhani chikhalidwe nthawi, nthawi zonse mu mtima wa eddies chipwirikiti cha moyo Russian anthu. Ndipo mu Russia m'zaka za m'ma makumi awiri unali premonition kusintha kwambiri. Lero, palibe amakana mfundo odziwika kuti lonse la chikhalidwe Russian mu nthawi ino kumlingo chinamulowerera pokonzekera nkhondo tsogolo kusintha.

Andrey Bely. Wambiri. Chotsimikiziridwa ake

Si choncho kawirikawiri kuthana ndi chakuti pseudonyms kulenga kotero mwamphamvu litsatira onyamula awo kuti kale palibe aliyense amakumbukira kuti maina awa fictitious. Ndicho za ndakatulo Andrei Bely anamva, ngati si onse zambiri. Koma ngakhale kuti uli ndi dzina lake, anthu ochepa kwambiri kubwera ku malingaliro. Boris Nikolaevich Bugaev - izi ndi dzina lenileni wake, dzina pakati ndi dzina lomaliza - anabadwa pa October 26, 1880 mu banja la pulofesa wa University Moscow. Sipadzakhala kukokomeza kwambiri kunena kuti mfundo imeneyi kwakukulukulu anatsimikiza moyo wam'tsogolo wa m'tsogolo wolemba wotchuka. Wambiri ya Andrei Bely inayamba mu mzinda wa Moscow. Nyumba pa Arbat, kumene ankapita yocheza kota zaka, lero ali udindo wa chikumbutso.

Moscow University

Mayendedwe a m'banja sizinachitikepo kufunsidwa mu Russian Ufumu, iye anali muchilichonse cholankhulidwa woyamba. Boris Bugaev anaphunzira ku mphamvu ya Physics ndi Masamu, koma Chofunika kwambiri sayansi zachilengedwe mafunso chikhalidwe, mabuku aesthetics, nzeru, zongoganiza ndi matsenga. Choncho, pambuyo bwinobwino kumene, analowa mbiri-philological mphamvu ya chimodzimodzi Moscow University. Iwo anayamba njira mabuku lalikulu mu zaka wophunzira. chilengedwe aluntha mu umene munthu ali kukhala, nthawi zambiri yovuta kudziŵa moyo wake wonse. Ndipo bwalo limasonyeza tsogolo la ndakatulo zaka zimenezo.

Alexander Blok

Mwina sizingakhale kusinjirira kunena kuti yonena mabuku a Andrei Bely anayamba ndi mawu oyamba ndipo makalata ndi akuru Russian Symbolist ndakatulo. Kuti, pamaso pa msonkhano ndi Bloc, iye analandiridwa bwino ku mabwalo apamwamba Bohemia luso la mitu iwiri ya Russian Ufumu. Ngakhale ndiye zinadziwika pseudonym anamuthandiza anabwera ndi wotchuka Russian nzeru zapamwamba M. S. Solovov. Koma Alexander Blok ankatha kuona ndi kumva mu Andrei Bely ofanana interlocutor, ndiponso m'njira zambiri odana. Ndiye iwo anali kwa zaka zambiri womangidwa chodabwitsa ubwenzi-udani. Andrey Bely (ndakatulo) anali kupikisana zonse ndi Russian ndakatulo mwapang'ono. Ndi munthu wamkulu akhoza kupikisana kokha pa maziko ofanana. Koma yonena za Andrei Bely chingakhale chosakwanira popanda kutchula kwa ubale wake ndi mkazi wake, Alexander Blok, Lyubov Dmitrievna Mendeleev. Ukukhudzana iwo woposa ubwenzi chabe. Ndipo ichi chikondi makona ndi njira kwambiri kusokoneza mgwirizano pakati pa alakatuli awiri. Komabe, zimaonekera mu ntchito yawo.

kunja

Kunyamuka kwa wolemba ndakatulo Russian anali kufuna zichoke ndi bwalo anakhazikitsa anzanu kupeza M'maso watsopano wa zilandiridwenso. Ndipo, ndithudi, kuthetsa ubale yaitali motero osokoneza ndi Alexander Blok ndi mkazi wake. Ulendo wa ku Europe anatenga kuposa zaka ziwiri. Nthawiyi ntchito ndakatulo yakhala kuberekana. Ndakatulo zambiri zoyenera ndipo anasiya analankhula mu bwalo Russian chikhalidwe, kuphatikizapo midadada ndi Mendeleev. Nditabwerera ku Europe, wolemba ndakatulo anakhala mabwenzi Alexander Turgenev (ukwati iwo formalized zaka pokhapokha zisanu), ndipo anapita kudziko lina. Pa nthawi iyi mu njira zina - mu Sicily, Palestine, Egypt ndi Tunisia. Mu Russia adzabwerera yekha pakati pa nkhondo, basi pamaso zitasintha.

kusintha Nthawi

Andrey Bely, mbiri ndi ntchito kulenga wokongola kutali moyo wamba tsiku ndi tsiku ndipo makamaka kwa mfundo sakanakhoza zimaonekera ntchito zake ndakatulo ndi critiques kukula kugwedezekagwedezeka a zochita za anthu ndi chiwonongeko yayandikirayo. pa Russia. Wolemba ndakatulo simungakhoze kuthandizira izo, ngakhale n'kumaganiza kuti palibe zikuchitika sikuthandiza. Ndipo sanali yekha. Mutu wa ngoziyo yayandikirayo. anali pa luso Russian mmodzi wa wamphamvu. Osiyanasiyana maganizo ake n'zogwirizana kusiyana mantha ndi chimwemwe. Anthu ena moni ulimi pamene mapeto a dziko, pamene ena amaona kuti ndi chiyambi cha dziko latsopano. Ndipo iwo onse anali ndi ufulu wawo. Mu mbiri ya mabuku Russian Andrey Bely adalowa monga mmodzi wa oimira yowala kwambiri ophiphiritsa. Upamwamba anayamba wake zopereka ndakatulo oyambirira "Gold mu Azure", "Phulusa", "Urn" ndi buku "The Silver Nkhunda". M'mphepete mwa essays wake polemic pa Tolstoy ndi Dostoevsky kwenikweni anazindikira. Lonse kutchuka pakati pa anthu ophunzira wakhala buku lake "Petersburg". Peru Andrei Bely limabweretsa nkhani zambiri journalistic wa nthawi First World nkhondo.

pambuyo zisinthe

Mu mbiri ya m'zaka za makumi awiri, Russia ndi nthawi imene itawonongedwa mosalephera anali fait accompli. Anazindikira symbolist ndakatulo, mmodzi wa oimira yowala amene anali Andrey Bely monga zikukhalira pang'ono zisinthe anali yovomerezeka tsiku ndi tsiku. Pamodzi ndi chikhalidwe linasintha ndi mawonedwe lonse la maganizo anzeru Russian. Pamaso pa ambiri "mpeni kuti mmero wake," panali funso ngati n'zotheka kukhala m'dziko limene si kale ankatchedwa Russian Ufumu? Wambiri ya Andrei Bely imeneyi pambuyo chosintha, wachisokonezo ndiponso zotsutsana. Ndakatulo yaitali chinang'ambika madera osiyana, ngakhale amalowerera kupita kudziko lina, zinali zovuta m'masiku amenewo. Chimakhala nthawi yaitali. Koma malekezero masiku ake iye anali akadali mu Soviet Union. Iye anafa pa January 8, 1934 ndipo anaikidwa m'manda mu Novodevichy manda ku Moscow. Otchedwa Soviet kuberekana nthawi zilandiridwenso wa Andrei Bely zosatheka ngakhale ndi chilakolako champhamvu. Ophiphiritsa, monga masukulu ena ambiri ndakatulo ndi zochitika, anali pa mbali ina ya zisinthe. M'zaka zimenezi, wolemba ndakatulo akuyesera ntchito, ndi zambiri wamaliza. Koma zingapo mabuku ake ndi ambiri ntchito zolembalemba sanakhoze bwino woyambawo. Soviet mabuku Andrei Bely anakhalabe osaposa mpukutu wa nyengo makedzana.