Nkhokwe ya m'dera Penza. State Natural Reserve "Volga steppe"

The okulira pakati pa Volga ndi Don ndi malo achilengedwe "Volga steppe." Mu 1924, analengedwa kupulumutsa steppes kumpoto ndi malo amenewa ndi otchedwa Penza. Mu 1927, annexing magawo a zigawo zina, malo anapatsidwa dzina la Mid-Volga. Mu 1937 dzina linasinthidwa kukhala Kuibyshev, ndipo iye ankaona malo mpaka 1951.

Komanso, malinga ndi chigamulo boma, anaitanidwa kuti azikatumikira ku minda boma zinachititsa kuti imfa ya ambiri a m'madera dambo. Only mu 1989, m'dera limeneli linakhazikitsidwa pa maziko a ziwembu asanu lalikulu la dziko kachiwiri: zitatu zazikulu steppe - Poperechenskaya, Kucherovskaya ndi Ostrovtsovskaya ndi awiri nkhalango dziko - Borok ndi Upper Sura. The malo m'dera - mahekitala 8373. Momuzungulira, dziko wa zone gawo lotetezedwa, amene okha ntchito zachuma. Pa gawo zochuluka pakati Volga dera, mwachibadwa, mndandanda wa zinthu zachilengedwe zosiyana. Izi zili choncho makamaka nkhalango wosanganiza ndi zomera wapadera ndi nthaka zikuchokera kwa namwali steppe.

nthaka

wowoneka bwino kwambiri view ku malo chifukwa zosiyanasiyana mpumulo. Izi wakale mtsinje network ndi m'madambo, ndi mchere. Waukulu chuma nkhokwe ya m'dera Penza - ndi nthaka. The gawo lotetezedwa zone Kuncherovskoy steppes ndi analima munda ulimi. Ngati apa mungathe kufika kayendedwe, ndi Ostrovets ndi Poperechenskaya steppe ndi misewu palibe dothi kapena matupi madzi. Chivundikiro nthaka ya steppes ndi nkhalango zosiyanasiyana. Otchedwa dothi imvi amachuluka mu nkhalango. Chernozem nthaka steppe amachuluka mu magulu, mmene Buku dambo nthaka humus wosanjikiza ali ku 80 masentimita 100.

Flora

Nature Reserve - nkhalango ndi steppe. Ndi kupanga mitundu ndi paini ndi thundu. Steppes ogaŵikana udzu, ndiponso ndimakumbukira, m'madambo udzu. Steppe nthawi zonse kugwirizana ndi nthenga. Makamaka ndi wokongola June ndi July, pamene siliva imange kolyshatsya mthenga mu mphepo, ndi enliven steppe. Pa nthawi yomweyo, izo zonse ziri mu mitundu a zitsamba. The zomera za malo ndi yaikulu ndi kugonjera horsetails, kalabu ndere, gymnosperms ndi angiosperms, pali 850 mitundu, eyiti zomwe zalembedwa ngati pangozi. Ndere m'chigawo cha mitundu Middle Volga 108. Pali 119 mitundu ya bowa, wamba mu malo oteteza zachilengedwe. Mu malo amenewa kuphatikizapo mitundu 72 ya ndere. The Red Book anali mitundu 4 udzu kukula mu malo a.

zomera

Nkhokwe zinyama a m'dera Penza ali mitundu yosiyanasiyana kuposa 800 tizilombo. Zimapezeka mitsinje ndi bogs achule, imene malo 11 mitundu. Mu nkhalango meadows wa kuteteza malo moyo abuluzi, adders, achule. Aviafaunu dera ndi 154 mitundu ya mbalame. Mwa mayina osowa Pallid Harrier ndi Great Bustard. Pa gawo la zisa zawo kusungitsa kumanga zinziri awo, corncrake, crested Tito ndipo woodpecker toed.

Nyama dziko la malo "Volga steppe" ukufanizidwa ndi 44 mitundu. Osowa oimira kalasi ndi monga otter, amphaka, ermine. Kumapiri a zigwembe wofatsa kukumana foxholes. Forest-steppe woyendera nthambi za malo ndi Mzimuyo zikuchokera zomera, kuphatikizapo mmene nkhalango ndi minda ya mitundu ya nyama. Zikuphatikizapo vole, Mole makoswe, mbewa yoyenda modumpha. M'nyengo yozizira, nkhalango mumakhala mazana capercaillie ndi wakuda grouse, Boar zakutchire ndi mbawala. Iwo kusaka ndi kuweza mitundu, ndipo nthawi yozizira kusaka amaloledwa.

Ndipo Steppes Kucherovskaya Poperechenskaya

Pamodzi ndi gawo kum'mwera kumadzulo kwa nkhalango Kucherovskoy ndi phula msewu wolumikiza m'mudzi wa Old Shatkino ndi Circe. inali ikadali yopanda tala misewu kumidzi maukonde chochokera malire nkhalango, amene amalola anthu kumeneko kupita ku malo ndipo vuto kuteteza gawo. Pamodzi kumadzulo malire Kuncherovskoy nkhalango loyenda mtsinje wochokera ku kumenyedwa akasupe zigwembe. Pa gawo la steppe ali ndi banja bolotets. Pa otsetsereka kum'mwera relict steppe chogwidwa ndi udzu - ovsets chipululu.

Poperechenskaya steppe, kutali misewu ndi midzi yake. Amatunga komanso ali kwina. The phunziroli yekha kumabweretsa mtanda m'mudzimo. Apolisi malo otetezedwa padziko ali wamchenga. steppe ili pa m'dera pakati pa mitsinje Archada ndi Hopper.

Ostrovtsovskaya steppe

Tiyeni tikambirane. Ostrovtsovskaya nkhokwe steppe dera Penza imatengedwa okongola kwambiri. Malowa ali pamtunda kutali chitukuko. The kum'mwera ndi kum'mawa mbali ya steppe m'mphepete mwa gullies kwambiri. Steppe lili ndi mitsinje ambiri anathamangira mu mtsinje Hopper. Nthawi zina, steppe ali yake yapadera chovala. M'chaka iwo akuda ndi zoyera ndi pinki amondi ndi minga. udzu ankaona mutu wofiirira irises ndi adonis masika. Chilimwe steppe adzawalitsa mitundu ya mallow zakutchire ndi lofiirira oregano. daisies White kuyang'ana mawanga chowala mwa mafunde siliva wa nthenga. Chilimwe - nthawi yodabwitsa ndi tizilombo, kuthamanga pa maluwa dambo. Iwo basi kuphunzira asayansi, ndi monga mbawala yamphongo kachilomboka ndi Krasotel, zaikidwa kukhala pangozi.

Borok ndi Upper Sura

Mu gawo amenewa a Borca paini chimaposa. Kuwonjezera izo, mu malo oteteza zachilengedwe kukula rowan, mapulo, viburnum, buckthorn, mbalame chitumbuwa. Dera la lamba nkhalango akuthamanga limodzi floodplain wa njira mtsinje Kadadah. Woodland Borok amanyamula madzi kusamala mtengo Malo otetezedwa. Unyinji yodula mitengo m'dera limeneli nkhalango si chifukwa chikhalidwe cha ntchito Bork udindo chipilala mu 1965. Forest okhala, akukhala pa gombe la mitsinje - ndi muskrat ndi Beaver mtsinje. Kawirikawiri mu nkhalango munakwanisa kuona agologolo, nguluwe ndi mbawala yamphongo roe. Mbalame ankaimira dera kusamala Sand Martin, kingfishers, wamba tern. Anawona mbalame kukaikira mazira ndi nyama: mphamba goshawk, chizolowezi.

Gawo lachiwiri la nkhokwe matabwa Penza dera - Upper Sura, inali gawo apamwamba Volga zomwe zili. Kudera limeneli nkhalango yaikulu ya asanu, wachokera ku malo a. Apa, mu nkhalango ya wamkulu m'minda paini zimachokera mtsinje Sura. Kudera limeneli nkhalango si wolemera mu madzi. Pali makiyi ndi angapo nyanja. Mmodzi wa iwo - nyanjayi ndi yowala, imbaenda ndi kukwera njira. Izi ulendo wotsogoleredwa anayambika ndi ndodo malo ndi kuperekezedwa awo, iye akudutsa. M'deralo nkhalango kufika ambiri Misewu, cholinga apolisi m'dera limeneli.