Mzinda wa Ulan-Ude: anthu. Nambala, ntchito, chitetezo cha anthu

Likulu la Republic of Buryatia ndi Ulan-Ude. Chiwerengero cha mzindawu n'chosiyana kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe chawo, mtundu wawo, zaka, ndi zina. Izi ndizo mbiri yakale komanso yosangalatsa yomwe sizingatheke koma zimakhudza mapangidwe a fano la anthu okhalamo. Tiyeni tione zomwe anthu a Ulan-Ude ali, komanso mbiri ya mapangidwe ake.

Kumalo komwe kuli

Koma musanayambe kuwerengera anthu a Ulan-Ude, muyenera kudziwa komwe ndondomekoyi ilipo.

Monga tanena kale, Ulan-Ude ndi likulu la Republic of Buryatia. Ili kumadera a kum'mwera kwa Siberia, kumadzulo kwa Transbaikalia, pamtunda wa makilomita pafupifupi 100 kuchokera kumphepete mwa nyanja ya Baikal.

Selenga mtsinje waukulu umatuluka kudutsa mumzindawu , kugawanika kukhala magawo awiri. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, m'deralo chokhudzana ndi Ulan-Ude, mtsinje wina umadutsa mumtsinje uwu - Uda.

Mzinda wa Buryatia uli m'dera lomwe lili ndi nyengo yam'mlengalenga, yomwe imadziwika ndi nyengo yotentha komanso yozizira kwambiri.

Mzindawu uli ndi malo okwana masentimita 347.6,000. Km.

Mbiri

Kuti mudziwe mmene anthu a mumzinda wa Ulan-Ude anapangidwira, munthu ayenera kuyang'ana mbiri yake.

Kuyambira kale, mafuko a Buryats amakhala m'deralo komwe Ulan-Ude tsopano ili. Anthu a ku Russia adayamba kuloŵa m'malo amenewa kuyambira zaka za XVII. Mu 1666 iwo adakhazikitsa mudzi wa Udinsk pamalo omwe ali mumzinda wamakono wa Buryatia. Dzina lake linalandiridwa, chifukwa ilo linali mkati mwa pakamwa pa mtsinje wa Uda. Ntchito yake yaikulu inali kuonetsetsa kuti yasak ya Buryats inagonjetsedwa. Mu 1678, mudziwo unapeza malo oteteza ndipo unasandulika kundende ya Udinsky. Mu 1689 ndendeyo inasandulika kukhala malo achitetezo, omwe amatchedwa Verkhneudinskaya.

M'zaka za m'ma 1800, dzina latsopano - Verkhneudinsk linafala. Mu 1775 nkhonoyo inalandira malo a mzinda, omwe zaka zisanu ndi zitatu anakhala m'kati mwa chigawo cha Irkutsk. Pang'onopang'ono mzindawu unayamba kukhala pakati pa dera la Trans-Baikal.

Pambuyo pa Revolution ya October, Verkhneudinsk kawirikawiri anachotsa udindo wake. Kumayambiriro kunakhala malo oyang'anira chigawo cha Pribaikalskaya, mu 1920 inali likulu la dziko la Far East, lomwe linkatengedwa ngati boma lodziimira. Komabe, mu chikhalidwe ichi mzindawu unali pafupi miyezi sikisi yokha. Mu 1923, adalandira udindo wa likulu la Buryat-Mongolian ASSR mu RSFSR. Mu 1934, Verkhneudinsk anatchedwanso Ulan-Ude, kutanthauza "Uda Wofiira" ku Buryat. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, dzina la mtsinjewu, lomwe kuyambira kale linalipo mu dzina la mzindawo, mawu oti "wofiira" anawonjezeredwa mu chinenero cha Buryat, kuwonetsera mtundu wa mphamvu za Soviet. Motero, dzina la mzindawo panthawi imodzimodziyo linapeza mthunzi wa Buryat ndi maganizo ake.

Mu nthawi za Soviet Union, mzindawo unakula komanso wamakono, makampani ndi mafakitale anamangidwa. Ngati poyamba anthu ambiri anali a ku Russia, nthawi ya Soviet nthawi zambiri Buryats ochokera m'madera ena a Transbaikalia anasamukira ku Ulan-Ude. Chiwerengero cha mzindawo chinasanduka mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mu 1957 Buryat-Mongolian ASSR inatchedwanso Buryat ASSR, ndipo, kotero, Ulan-Ude anakhala likulu la ufulu wodziwidwa wosinthika. Pambuyo kugwa kwa USSR, mu 1992, Ulan-Ude anakhala likulu la Republic of Buryatia, lomwe ndi nkhani ya Russian Federation. Mu malo awa mzindawu ukadali lero.

Usinkhu wa anthu

Chiwerengero chachikulu cha chiwerengero cha malo alionse ndi chiwerengero cha anthu. Anthu a Ulan-Ude pakali pano ndi anthu 430.55 zikwi.

Ngati tifanizire ndi malo ena ozungulira a Russian Federation, ndiye kuti tiyenera kunena kuti izi ndizowerengeka. Ulan-Ude ali ndi zaka 42 pa chiŵerengero cha anthu okhala m'midzi yonse ya Russia.

Mphamvu za chiwerengero cha anthu

Koma nthawi zonse sizinali ndi anthu ambiri ku Ulan-Ude. Chiwerengero cha mzindawu nthawi ndi nthawi chinawonjezeka kapena chinachepa. Tiyeni tiwone za chikhalidwe cha likulu la Buryatia mu mphamvu.

Dera loyamba la anthu m'tsogolo muno Ulan-Ude idabweranso mu 1695. Kenaka kunkhondo ya Verkhneudinsk inakhala m'chaka cha 1981. Mu 1770 Verkhneudinsk anali kale anthu 4,700. Komano chiwerengero chinayamba kuchepa. Kotero, mu 1820 anali anthu 3000, ndipo zaka zisanu - 2024 okhalamo. Koma chiwerengero cha anthu anayamba kukula. Mu 1829 anali anthu 2,292, ndipo mu 1851 anafika 3746. Mu 1856, chiŵerengero cha anthu adakachepetsanso kufika pa 3,400, koma mu 1860 icho chinawonjezereka, ndipo chinakhala anthu 4,032. Mu 1890, chiwerengerochi chinawonjezeka ku anthu 5223.

Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo chiŵerengero cha anthu a mzindawo chinayamba kukula mofulumira. Pambuyo pa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, idali kale anthu 8086, ndipo pofika m'chaka cha 1917 anakafika pa msinkhu wa anthu 21.6 zikwi. Mu 1931, kale anthu 44.0 zikwi anafika ku chiwerengero cha anthu a mumzinda wa Ulan-Ude. Makamaka, chiwerengero cha anthu chinakula makamaka mofulumira m'ma 1930. Izi zinali chifukwa cha kukhazikitsidwa kwa anthu awiri omwe adawombera ku Siberia, kuphatikizapo likulu la Buryatia, ndipo adasamukira modzipereka achinyamata omwe akugwira nawo ntchitoyi. Mu 1939, anthu a Ulan-Ude anapeza anthu 125.7,000. Izi ndi katatu kuposa zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zapitazo.

M'tsogolomu, chiwerengero cha kukula chinapitilira. Kotero, mu 1956 chiŵerengero cha anthuwa chinafikira anthu 158,0 zikwi, mu 1970 - 253,6,000 anthu, mu 1980 - 303,2 anthu. Kukula kwa chiwerengerocho kunapitirira mpaka 1987, pamene chiŵerengero cha okhalamo chinali anthu 351,0 zikwi. Koma mu 1988 ku Ulan-Ude kuchepa koyamba kwa chiwerengero cha anthu akukhalapo kwa zaka zoposa 100. Ndiye chiwerengero cha okhala mumzindawo chinatsika kufika pamlingo wa anthu 345.2,000.

M'zaka zotsatira, panali "swings" wodabwitsa: chiwerengero cha anthu chinali kuchuluka kapena kuchepa. Kotero, mu 1989 chiŵerengero chake chinali 352.5,000 anthu, mu 1992 - 366.0 anthu zikwi, mu 1995 - anthu 363,000, Anthu, mu 1997 - 370.0 anthu zikwizikwi, mu 1998 - anthu 366.1,000, mu 2002 - anthu 374.9,000. Kuchokera mu 2003 mpaka kumapeto kwa 2009, kuphatikizapo, pakhala kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha anthu a ku Ulan-Ude. Choncho, panthaŵiyi idatsika ndi anthu 359.3,000. Kufikira anthu 340.2 zikwi.

Mu 2010 pankakhala kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa chiwerengero cha anthu a ku Ulan-Ude. Chiwerengerocho chinali 404.4 zikwi anthu. Zoona, izi sizinali chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa chilengedwe, koma chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa mizinda yambiri ya kumidzi ku Ulan-Ude. Koma ziyenera kuzindikiranso kuti kuyambira 2010 kuti chiwerengero cha anthu okhala mumzindawu chawonjezeka. Mu 2013, idapeza chiwerengero cha anthu 416.1,000, ndipo mu 2016 icho chinasinthidwa kachiwiri. Chiwerengero cha anthu afika pa msinkhu wa anthu 430.6,000.

Pakalipano, chiwerengero cha kukula kwa chiwerengero cha anthu ku Ulan-Ude chilipobe.

Kuchuluka kwa anthu

Podziwa chiŵerengero cha anthu okhala mumzindawu, komanso dera lomwe muli gawolo, sizili zovuta kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa anthu. Ku Ulan-Ude, ndi anthu 1238.6 / 1 square. Km.

Poyerekeza ndi malo ena oyandikana nawo a kummawa kwa Siberia, chiwerengero cha Chita ndi anthu 643.3 / 1 square. Km, ndi ku Irkutsk 623.4 anthu / 1 square. Km. Choncho, tikuwona kuti ku Ulan-Ude, anthu ambiri okhalamo.

Kusiyana kwa mafuko

Tsopano tiyeni tipeze kuti ndi anthu ati omwe akukhala ku Ulan-Ude. Mzindawu ukulamulidwa ndi mayiko awiri - Russia ndi Buryats. Chikuda cha ku Russian mu Ulan-Ude - 62.1%. Buryat ku likulu la republic ndilochulukitsa - 31.9%.

Mayiko ena onsewa ndi 6 peresenti ya anthu onse. Pakati pawo pali mitundu ing'onoing'ono monga a Ukrainians, Tatars, Korea ndi Chinese.

Chipembedzo

Mu mzinda wa Ulan-Ude, zipembedzo zambiri zosiyana. Komabe, anthu ambiri mumzindawu amadzinenera Orthodox Christianity.

Kuwonjezera apo, Ulan-Ude ali ndi oimira machitidwe achipembedzo monga Islam, Buddhism, Catholicism, ma Protestant osiyanasiyana, a Mboni za Yehova, komanso anthu omwe amadzitcha chipembedzo choyambirira cha Buryat - shamanism.

Economy of the city

Ntchito ya anthu a Ulan-Ude imaperekedwa ndi mabungwe onse akuluakulu komanso amalonda. Mabungwe akuluakulu ndi mabomba oyendetsa ndege ndi zomera, Buryatzoloto ndi Buryatnefteprodukt, maofesi ambirimbiri (TPP-1, Buryatenergosbyt, Power Trunk Power, etc.).

Kuphatikiza apo, mzindawu uli ndi makampani opangira zakudya komanso ogulitsa, amagwira ntchito zamakampani akuluakulu amalonda. Ngakhale, ngakhale, zogwiritsira ntchito zamakono zilibe njira yaikulu yopangira ku Ulan-Ude.

Employment Center

Kwa iwo omwe adakali osagwira ntchito kanthawi, Employment Center ya anthu amapereka ntchito zake. Ulan-Ude - mzinda waukulu kwambiri wogulitsa mafakitale, malo osiyanasiyana operekera amapezeka pakhomo la ntchito nthawi zonse. Kuonjezerapo, mu Center, ngati kuli koyenera, mukhoza kusintha msinkhu wanu kapena kupeza ntchito yatsopano.

Kodi ntchito yotchedwa Employment Center ya Ulan-Ude imapereka ntchito yotani? Ntchito pano ndi yosiyana kwambiri. Ogwira ntchito nthawi zonse amafunidwa ntchito zochepa. Koma pa nthawi yomweyi, zomangamanga ndi ntchito zina zamakono zili zofunika. Koma a lawyers ndi azachuma, kufunikira kwa olemba ntchito ndi kochepa.

Anthu omwe ataya ntchito zawo kwa kanthaŵi ndipo amalembedwa ku Employment Center amalandira phindu la ntchito za boma.

Chitetezo cha anthu

Koma kupindula kwa ntchito sikuli kokha chitetezo cha chikhalidwe cha boma. Chitetezo cha anthu cha Ulan-Ude - ichi ndi nkhani yomwe idakonzedwa makamaka ndi Dipatimenti ya Ntchito ndi Chitetezo cha Anthu.

Ndi thupi ili lomwe liri ndi udindo wopereka madalitso kwa anthu olumala, amayi pobereka, osauka komanso magulu ena omwe alibe chitetezo cha anthu, omwe atumizidwa ndi boma.

Zomwe zimachitikira anthu a Ulan-Ude

Monga mukuonera, Ulan-Ude ndi mzinda wochuluka kwambiri. Pakalipano, pali mphamvu zabwino zowonjezera. Kuwonjezera apo, likulu la Buryatia lapanga makampani ndi zina za kayendetsedwe ka ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu a mumzindawo akhale ndi ntchito.

Ambiri mwa anthu a ku Ulan-Ude ndi a Russia ndi a Buryat, omwe ali ndi chiwerengero choposa cha kale.

Kawirikawiri, mzinda wa Ulan-Ude, monga anthu okhalamo, uli ndi chiyembekezo chabwino. Izi zimathandiza anthu a likulu la Buryatia kuti aziyembekezera zam'tsogolo ndi chiyembekezo. Koma, ndithudi, kupititsa patsogolo kwa mzindawo kwakukulukulu kumadalira kukula kwa Russian Federation lonse.