Nyama zachilendo: njovu African

Elephant - chilengedwe zodabwitsa za chilengedwe zomwe zinalembedwa kwambiri mabuku. Koma tsoka la nyama zimenezi ndi zachisoni kuti anthu m'mayiko onse sichitha kuwomba Alamu.

Pali mitundu iwiri chachikulu cha njovu: njovu African ndi Indian. Yoyambirira amangokhala m'chipululu otentha African, ndipo chachiwiri angapezeke yekha mu nkhalango Asian otentha.

Indian njovu kuwoneka mofanafana kwa anzawo African. Koma ngati mitundu iwiri anaika mbali ndi mbali, kusiyana ndi noticeable kwambiri. Makamaka, African njovu Indian apamwamba, akafika msinkhu wa mamita anayi, ndipo kumbuyo ali ndi mawonekedwe mumbali zotsutsana ndi kumbuyo yokhota kumapeto a njovu Indian. Koma chophweka njira kusiyanitsa izi mitundu iwiri ya mawonekedwe a makutu: pa nyama African lalikulu ndi mawonekedwe ake akufanana silhouette la Africa ndi makutu Indian ali ang'onoang'ono, ndi mawonekedwe awo si kucheza iliyonse.

Njovu African imatengedwa kukhala weniweni mfumu ya zilombo mu m'tchire mbadwa. sikelo yake ndi pafupifupi matani asanu ndi theka, ndi amuna waukulu angafikire matani asanu ndi theka.

Kuchitira mafupa akugwira misa zazikulu kwambiri njovu amphamvu kwambiri ndi cholimba. Mafupa mwendo Ndipotu kuchita ntchito yothandizira nsanamira, ndi msana akutumikira monga mlatho kukhala wotero thupi chidwi. Kapangidwe anatomical ya njovu zosazolowereka kuti yagawidwa mu detachment nyama - proboscidians.

Njovu - mu osiyana, agile kwambiri ndi kusintha m'thupi mwake kuti zinaphatikizidwa mphuno ndi chapamwamba mlomo. thunthu njovu angathe kugwila chakudya, odyetserako, kuswa nthambi, kukokera mizu, ndiyeno kutumiza chakudya yotengedwa mkamwa mwake.

Kumapeto kwa thunthu ili m'mphuno, imene cinyama kusonkhanitsa kwa malita 14 a madzi, ndiye kutsanulira mu pakamwa panu ndi kuthetsa ludzu lawo. Mphepo madzi, iwo apanga kasupe wa kutsitsi kuzirala ndi thupi umatsuka.

Thunthu ndi njira zolankhulirana. Elephants osati kokha mokweza lipenga, komanso anatenga thunthu, zimachititsa mafunde infrasonic, ndi mfundo zake opatsirana pa mtunda wa 10 Km. Ndipo ngati njovu ndi sakumvetsa, izo ukugunda thunthu pansi popanga zozizwitsa drumming.

Pakuti onse maonekedwe akuthwa nyama zimenezi yekha zamasamba. Iwo ali maola 16 tsiku mwachangu kutafuna udzu, masamba, zipatso, mizu, nthambi, khungwa. Si zophweka kuzidyetsa wokha, monga njovu wamkulu African adya avareji makilogalamu 400 zomera zosiyanasiyana. Pa nthawi yomweyo kudya pang'ono kuposa 40% ya chakudya. Kumwa zimphona izi kwambiri - mpaka malita 220 a madzi patsiku.

Kugona njovu maola asanu okha a nthawi usiku. Nthawi zambiri, iwo mwakachetechete tulo kuimirira. Koma pakati pa tsiku, pamene kutentha akukulirakulira, nyama kwenikweni mpumulo.

Khungu la njovu kwambiri wandiweyani, 3-4 cm, koma ngakhale iye angathe kuwateteza ku dzuwa osatekeseka. Choncho, moisturize ndi utakhazikika, kutenga matope osambira. Elephants kuwuluka m'matope kuti kuphimba lake lonse wosanjikiza thupi. Pa nthawi yomweyo, njirayi amathandiza kuti lichotse pesky tizilombo kuluma.

njovu zonse moyo magulu osiyana banja, amene mukupita njovu okalamba - ndi matriarchs. Banja zikuphatikizapo mwana wamkazi, mlongo ndi matriarch wa ana, kuphatikizapo amuna mwana. Ndi amuna achikulire, kuyambira wa zaka 15, amakonda kukhala yekha, okhala kutali ndi "gulu akazi".

Kodi njovu zambiri moyo? Pafupifupi iwo moyo mpaka zaka 60-70, ngati si mwamsanga kufa chifukwa cholumidwa ndi zilombo zolusa komanso kwa anthu opha nyama. Pa mikango njovu kusakasaka zambiri, choncho nthawi yoyamba njovu kuyang'anira mosamala kusuntha kulikonse pups ndi ana ndipo zonse zigwirizana pansi mimba yake, ngakhale pamene akuyendetsa galimoto.

Koma ogwirira ndi mdani chachikulu cha njovu. Mu nthawi kuchokera 1981 mpaka 1989, chiwerengero cha njovu African ali halved - kuchokera 1.2 miliyoni ku 623 zikwi. Chifukwa cha ichi - kuphwanya malo achilengedwe a njovu: kudula mitengo, yolima dziko. Kuteteza mbewu zawo, alimi kawirikawiri zimapha moyo mbadwa pa nyama mayiko.

Koma njovu kwambiri aphedwa chifukwa cha mlenje-opha nyama. njovu African amakopa anthu adyera kuti apeze tusks zapamwamba, nyama ndi khungu. Ndipo ngati pamaso pa chandamale waukulu kumakhala amayi amuna, koma tsopano kugwiritsa ntchito opha nyama ndi akazi aang'ono. Kuti tani ya njovu, m'pofunika kuwononga za 113 njovu. Chifukwa kufa ichi ngakhale njovu makumi asanu, amene ali molawirira kwambiri kutaya amayi awo kupulumuka paokha. Chiwonongeko amenewa inasanduka tsoka chifukwa cha zimphona mtendere.

Popeza 1989, kugulitsa minyanga kwathunthu yoletsedwa chifukwa njovu anali mu ngozi kutha. Zikuoneka kuti osati lamulo, koma maganizo a anthu idzatsogolera ku akuponya kufunika kwa mankhwala anapangidwa kuchokera anapha nyama zina zimene zingakuthandizeni kupulumutsa njovu ku chiwonongeko zina.