Opus - nyimbo yaitali. Kodi cholinga nyimbo zosiyana?

Kodi mawu akuti "opus" poyerekezera ndi chikhalidwe nyimbo? Mbiri ya yatsoka mawu, maziko ake ongolankhula monga mawu nyimbo, phindu apano - Patatha onse nkhaniyi.

Mu chikhalidwe chathu, chinenero mau "opus" munakhala makamaka matanthauzo awiri zamalankhulidwe:

• Monyogodola ndi achipongwe tanthauzo ntchito zina zolembalemba si kwambiri.
• "Opus" - nyimbo yaitali.

Mofanana ndi woyamba chimake chirichonse chiri bwino, amayesetsa chachiwiri kumvetsa.

Zikamera mawu "opus"

Pa mtima mawu akuti "nyimbo" ndi chiphunzitso cha "nyimbo", koma wachiwiri si zofanana ndi woyamba, ndipo ali ndi malire mbiri.

Pali nyimbo, monga mankhwala, ndipo ichi ndi chifukwa mwambo olembedwa; ndipo pali nyimbo, monga zochitika zokhudza chitsanzo chake kubwezeretsa improvisational.

Kusiyana kumeneku anali woyamba wolembedwa Sysytem N.Listeniusa «Musica» mu 1537. Ndi mu buku limeneli anali woyamba anandiuza kuti opus - ndi "zolembedwa mawonekedwe, kwathunthu chotsirizidwa." Choncho, mfundo yatsopano "opus" anali woyamba wolembedwa.

Mu Zakachikwi woyamba wa Chikhristu chogwidwa mawonekedwe m'kamwa nyimbo kuti ngakhale mawu akuti "improvisation" kulibe, chifukwa panalibe njira. Kukula kwa awiri Mabaibulo a zinthu mu nyimbo kokha anayamba ndi zaka 9-10, pamene Mabaibulo oyamba a wolembedwa pa pepala.

Panthawi imeneyi Zapakati "opusnaya" nyimbo ndi "chizolowezi" akalipo mu analemba zochitika zonse za moyo wa anthu anali limodzi ndi oimba kusewera ndi wojambula nthawi zambiri alternated nyimbo zake ndi anthu ena chisoni mzere kwakukulu pakati mfundo izi.

Zinali zofunika kuphatikiza luso unakhazikitsidwa kale mitunduyi, zolinga zofanana momasuka amasamukira ku ntchito wina ndi mzake, ndipo sizinali ankaona plagiarism. Luntha akuwonetseredwa mu njira ya chithandizo cha chuma.

Written nyimbo chikhalidwe - luso European

Ndinayamba zambiri anayamikira zinthu zachilendo mu ntchito, ndi chilengedwe cha atsopano, osati kale analipo mingoli, anatchedwa kuti "kulemba". Mwanjira imeneyi, mbiri ya mapangidwe a European nyimbo katswiri luso si losiyana kwa njira zikuchitika mu mayiko ena.

Kusiyana yaikulu lagona chokha chakuti ndi mu Europe zimachokera ku kulemba zilandiridwenso, apa anabadwa yekha olembedwa chikhalidwe nyimbo dziko. Ndipo kuti zinasintha chilichonse: yachilendo luso loimba, i zokongoletsa zasintha ndi kuwerenga maganizo a zilandiridwenso, zoikamo Makutu inakhazikitsidwa njira yophunzitsa nyimbo mwaukadaulo.

Pamodzi ndi unikalizatsiey zikuchokera nyimbo, lingaliro la "Wolemba" - mlengi wa mankhwala atsopano. Sitepe yotsatira zachilengedwe anali kulenga kumbali-yekha nyimbo sanalinso kugwirizana ndi zofuna aliyense m'banja, ndipo ndi ofunika yokha.

Kulungamitsidwa ongolankhula malingaliro a "opus"

German nzeru zapamwamba ndi theorist nyimbo zaka mazana makumi awiri Carl Dahlhaus kupeza zotsatira zotsatirazi kuti chimatanthauza mfundo "opus":

• compositional chokwanira;
• kwathunthu analemba Malemba a mtundu;
• kudziyimira pawokha, pakalibe ntchito ndi kumanga nyimbo;
• "Zokongoletsa amalingalira ngati mantha" umunthu mtengo "nyimbo mtheradi" popanda mawu ndi mapulogalamu.

Wina German nyimbo theorist Hans Eggebreht anapereka tanthauzo lachindunji kuposa a "ntchito" ya zosiyana, akulemba "opus" - ndi:

• theoreticity (subordination la malamulo a chiphunzitso);
• pamaso pa kuchuluka nzeru zaumunthu amanena;
• zafiksirovanny Werengani;
• polyphony;
• limabweretsa wolemba;
• chokwanira mawonekedwe;
• wapadera.

Kodi mawu akuti "opus" lero?

Pakali pano, ndi opus - salinso chabe nkhani, analemba zolemba pa pepala. Mawu "opus" zikutanthauza kuti ntchito lasindikizidwa mu mabuku ndipo anapatsidwa nambala inayake. Malinga nthawi imene inasindikizidwa music, opus akhoza kukhala wamkulu kapena wamng'ono n'zosangalatsa kumva mawu.

Ngati pa moyo wa Wolemba kwa ena ntchito zake kapena ayi asindikizidwa kamodzi, choncho alibe opus wake, akapatsidwa dzina "posthumous opus", ndilo kuti lasindikizidwa atamwalira mlembi.

Opus chiwerengero sikuti kusonyeza nthawi ya kulemba ntchito. Ngati lidalembedwa m'nyengo yoyambirira ya ntchito, nalalikira kwa nthawi yoyamba patadutsa zaka zambiri, ndi opus nambala nkhani ina. Mwachitsanzo, unalembedwa mu unyamata wake Rondo "Ukali pa khobiri otaika" ndi mochedwa opus nambala 129.

Nthawi zina wolemba mabuku ntchito zingapo. Onse a iwo anasankha opus chiwerengero koma manambala osiyanasiyana siriyo. Mwachitsanzo, 24 Preludes ndi Chopin m'magawo Opus 28, koma ndi manambala osiyanasiyana siriyo 1 24. Motero mawu akuti "Chopin - zing'wenyeng'wenye chachisanu" ndi "Chopin - Opus 28 №5" zikutanthauza chinthu chomwecho.