Nyama zam'madzi: mayina ndi mitundu

Dziko lapansi pansi pa madzi m'nyanja ndi nyanja zimasiyana. Kuno pamtunda wa mamita ambiri, pali zamoyo zam'madzi zokongola kwambiri . Maina a ambiri a iwo anapatsidwa ndi asayansi chifukwa cha zosiyana zawo: mawonekedwe a thupi, mapiko, mtundu, maonekedwe pa khungu, kufanana ndi anthu ena padziko lapansi, ndi zina zotero. Motero, zina mwazilombo zotchedwa "starfish," "truffles," ndi zina zotero.

Mitundu ya zinyama

Anthu okhala pansi pa madzi akhoza kugawa m'magulu otsatirawa:

• Zosakaniza;
• Zinyama;
• Crustaceans;
• Nsomba;
• Nkhondo ndi njoka.

Zosakaniza za m'nyanja

Zamoyo zosawerengeka zimaphatikizapo zamoyo izi: anemones a m'nyanja, maluwa a m'nyanja, nyenyezi za m'nyanja, urchins za m'nyanja, mollusks, sponges, corals, jellyfish, squid, nautilus, octopus, oysters, gluturia, triaxes, etc. Zinyama zimenezi zilibe mafupa axial. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'madzi otentha ndipo amadziwika ndi maonekedwe awo odabwitsa komanso mitundu yowala. Amene amangowawona m'madzi, sakhulupirira kuti izi ndi zamoyo. M'malo mwake, zikhoza kuganiziridwa kuti izi ndizopachiyambi, m'malo mwa zinyama. Mayina a aliyense wa iwo amasonyeza zosiyana za "mbuye" wawo. Motero, siponji ya m'nyanja imakhala ndi siponji, ndipo urchin yamadzi imadzaza ndi zitsamba, starfish ndi mtundu wake wa nyenyezi.

Nyama zam'madzi

Malingaliro ena, zinyama zakutchire ndi makolo athu akutali. Pambuyo pake, dziko lapansi linawonekera koyamba m'madzi. Zizindikiro zam'madzi (zisindikizo, zisindikizo, mikango yamadzi, walrusi, etc.) ndi ma cetaceans alipo pafupifupi zaka 26 miliyoni zapitazo. Zina mwa mitundu imeneyi zinamwalira, ndipo zinasinthidwa ndi zatsopano. Masiku ano, sayansi imadziwa mitundu 120 ya zinyama - okhala m'nyanja ndi m'nyanja. Amatha kugawidwa m'magulu akulu atatu: nyulu, dolphins, zisindikizo. Zinyama za m'nyanja, chithunzi ndi dzina lake zomwe zili pamwambapa, ndizo, zamoyo zodabwitsa kwambiri komanso zosangalatsa padziko lapansi. Afalina, bebochka, dolphins omwe ali ndi miyendo ndi mabala - nyama izi zimaphunzitsidwa kwambiri ndi akatswiri a zoologist ndipo nthawi zonse amakumana ndi anthu, koma makhalidwe awo ambiri sakhala chinsinsi kwa ife.

Crustaceans

Zinyama izi ndizo m'gulu la zinyama zam'madzi monga mafupa. Izi zimaphatikizapo nkhanu, nkhanu, nkhumba, shrimps, lobster, ndi zina zotero. Zinyama zam'madzizi, zomwe maina awo amapezeka pamasamba a zakudya zaku Japan, China, Italy ndi zina, ndiwo zinthu zamtengo wapatali kwambiri, zopangidwa ndi ayodini, mapuloteni, phosphorous ndi zinthu zina zothandiza. Komabe, ena mwa iwo ndi osowa kwambiri ndipo amalembedwa m'buku la Red Book.

Nsomba

Ichi ndi gulu lalikulu kwambiri la anthu okhala m'madzi. Ndi mitundu yanji komanso maonekedwe omwe sali. Iwo ali ndi kukula kwakukulu: kuchokera ku microscopic mpaka chimphona. Madzi amatha kukhala amtendere okhala m'madzi akuya, ndi nyama zowononga mwazi, zomwe poyamba zimatchedwa "mimbulu" ya nyanja - sharks. Izi ndizilombo zazikulu zam'madzi, zomwe maina awo amasonyeza kuti ndi nyama ziti zakuthambo zomwe zimafaniziridwa ndizo. Mwachitsanzo, pali mphaka, tiger, bovine, kambuku, zebra shark, ndipo si onse omwe ali zolengedwa zamagazi. Mwa njira, kambuku - cholengedwa mwamtendere chomwe sichingawononge munthu, mosiyana ndi nsomba yoyera - msaki wamkulu. Amati iye ndi wanzeru kwambiri komanso wochenjera. Koma, rampu, mwachitsanzo, ndi owopsa kwa anthu, chifukwa imatenga ndalama zambiri zamagetsi ndipo zingayambitse imfa. Komabe, nsomba zambiri ndi zolengedwa zamtendere zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kwa anthu.

Nkhondo ndi Njoka

Nkhanza ndizo zokha zomwe zili ndi chipolopolo. Zinyama za m'nyanja izi zili ndi mayina ovuta kwambiri: bissa, loggerhead, ridleia ndi nkhuku yobiriwira. Zina mwazo ndi zazikulu. Njoka za m'nyanja, iwo ndi achibale enieni a aspides. Komabe, mu njira yawo ya moyo, iwo ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi achibale awo apadziko lapansi.