Oleg Nikolaevich Efremov: chithunzi, moyo waumwini, kukula, chifukwa cha imfa

Pakati pa mafani a cinema, ojambula achichepere Nikita ndi Nikolai Efremov amadziwika bwino lero. Omvera ovuta kwambiri amakondwera ndi zochita za abambo awo osayenerera - Wojambula Wotchuka wa Russian Federation Mikhail Efremov.

Mwamwayi, ambiri omwe amawoneka mwachidziwikire amadziwa bwino za chiyambi cha mzere wa mafumuwa - woyimba ndi wotsogolera dzina lake Oleg Efremov. Ndipo panthawiyi, chifukwa cha ntchito zake zopanda kudzikonda kuti masewera amakono a Russia akhala chimodzimodzi monga momwe amadziwira ndi kuyamikiridwa.

Banja la Oleg Efremov

Wojambula ndi mtsogoleri wamkulu wam'tsogolo anabadwa mu October 1927 mumzinda wa Moscow. Bambo wa katswiri wam'tsogolo - Nikolai Ivanovich Efremov - ankagwira ntchito monga a compactant, choncho anali ndi khalidwe labwino kwambiri ndipo anakulira mwana wake molimba mtima. Amayi - Anna Dmitrievna Efremova. Ambiri mwa ubwana wake, Oleg Efremov ankakhala m'nyumba ya a Arbat.

"Ubwana" waunyamata wa wojambula

Kuyambira ali mwana kwambiri Oleg Nikolaevich anali ndi chikhumbo cha chilengedwe. Poyamba, adadziwonetsera pochita zolakwa zosiyanasiyana. Zoona zake n'zakuti bambo ake adatumizidwa kukagwira ntchito yomanga njanji pafupi ndi Vorkuta. Ntchitoyo siinali yoipa, ndipo anatenga banja lake limodzi naye. Achinyamata okha Efremov, panthaŵi yake yaulere, anali ndi abwenzi ndi akaidi omwe anali kumanga njanji, ndipo pasanapite nthaŵi anayamba chidwi ndi "maluso awo okondweretsa" ndipo anayesa kuchita zoba zambiri.

Anadziwika mwamsanga ndi abambo ake okhwima ndipo adabwerera ku Moscow, akutenga mwana wake ku kampani yoipa.

Chilakolako cha zisudzo

Atabwerera ku likulu la dzikoli, Oleg Nikolaevich Efremov anadzidzidzidzidwa ndi masewerawo. Osati iye yekha, pafupifupi anyamata onse ochokera ku kampani yake ya "bwalo" adadwala "ku malo owonetsera masewerawa atayamba kupita ku gulu la masewera ku Nyumba ya Apainiya. Kuwonjezera apo, chifukwa cha ubwenzi ndi mwana wa wolemba mbiri wa "The Master and Margarita" ndi anyamata ena ambiri - achibale a otchuka otchuka, Oleg Efremov posakhalitsa anadzipeza yekha mu masewera.

Atachoka sukulu Oleg ndi anzake onse mu sewero la sewero adatumizira zikalata ku Moscow Art Theatre. Koma Efremov yekha anali kumwetulira, ndipo adachita.

Phunziro la Efremov mu Sukulu ya Art Theatre ya ku Moscow

Pokhala wophunzira, Oleg Nikolaevich Efremov anayesetsa mwakhama kupanga luso la masewero mwangwiro.

Pamene akuphunzira, amadziŵa malingaliro pazochita zamakhalidwe a Stanislavsky, amakhala omvera ndi kuwasunga mokhulupirika m'moyo wake wonse. Pa nthawi yomweyi, wochita masewerowa akukhazikitsa cholinga - kuti akhale mtsogoleri wamkulu wa Moscow Art Theatre. Pambuyo pa zaka zambiri adakwaniritsa izi.

Oleg Nikolayevich Efremov ku Central Children's Theatre

Mu 1949, wothamanga adamaliza maphunziro ake ku Sukulu ya Studio. Posakhalitsa, Oleg Nikolaevich Efremov anavomerezedwa ku Central Children's Theatre. Kukula kwa masentimita zana ndi makumi asanu ndi atatu mphambu ndipo osadwala sanamlepheretse kusewera mu masewera a ana komanso zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zokha kuti akondwere omvera ndi luso lake lochita zinthu.

Talente ya mtsogoleri ndi kuthekera kuyika moyo pa khalidwe lirilonse linachitidwa ndi Efremov omwe amamukonda kwambiri, omwe amamupatsa makamaka maudindo akuluakulu. Chimodzi mwa mafano oyambirira omwe Efremov Oleg Nikolaevich anali nawo (chithunzi m'munsimu) anali Ivanushka m'nthano yakuti "The Little Humpbacked Horse".

Atakhala wotchuka ngati wojambula, munthu wolemba nkhaniyo adafuna kutsogolera. Zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi atabwera kumalo ochitira masewero, adayambitsa ntchitoyi ndi kuwonetsa sewero la Invisible Dymka.

Ngakhale kuti Efremov ankachiritsidwa mwangwiro kumaseŵera, posakhalitsa anasankha kuchoka pamalo ano antchito, monga iye, pamodzi ndi anthu amalingaliro amodzi, anatenga lingaliro la kukhazikitsa malo atsopano ochitirako maseŵero otchedwa Sovremennik.

Efremov ndi Sovremennik

Pokhala wotsutsa mwamphamvu za lingaliro la kukhazikitsa masewero amakono a Russia mu dongosolo la Stanislavsky, Oleg Nikolaevich Efremov, pamodzi ndi ena ochita nawo malingaliro akugawana malingaliro ake, anakhazikitsa masewera atsopano otchedwa Sovremennik.

Pakati pa omwe anayambitsa "Contemporary" anali mabwenzi apamtima a Efremov: Evgeni Evstigneev, Oleg Tabakov, Igor Kvasha, Galina Volchek ndi ena ambiri ochita zinthu panthawiyi. Maseŵero oyambirira a masewerawo anali sewero "Forever Alive", lomwe linapindula pomwepo ndi omvera. Pambuyo pake, "Contemporary" inakhala imodzi mwa malo ochezera kwambiri ku Moscow.

Efremov wakhala akuchita masewera ambiri ochititsa chidwi kwa zaka zambiri pantchitoyi. Uyu ndi "Mfumu Yotayika" ya Schwartz, ndi "Popanda Mtanda" Chifukwa cha ntchito ya Tendryakov, ndi sewero la "Cyrano de Bergerac", ndi "Chaika" wa Chekhov, okondedwa ndi mkuluyo mwiniwake.

Pazaka za ntchito yake ku Sovremennik, Oleg Nikolaevich Efremov adathandizira kuti akhale ochita masewera ambiri atsopano, kuwasandutsa iwo kukhala olemba nawo masewerawo ndikumulola kuti adzikonze yekha pa ntchitoyo.

Moscow Art Theatre - kuzindikira kwa maloto okondedwa

Utsogoleri wa chipani, poyesa kupambana kwa Contemporary, inauza mu 1970 talente yachinyamata kuti ikhale ndi mbiri yotchuka ya Moscow Art Theatre, yomwe m'zaka zimenezo idayamba kuperekanso maudindo awo. Ngakhale kuti wojambulajambula ndi wotsogolera ankakana kuti asiye ana ake, adagwirizanabe.

Komabe, chowonadi sichinali chokongola monga maloto a wophunzira. Ngati mu "Contemporary" gulu lonse la ojambula linali banja lenileni, ndiye mu Efremov ya Moscow Art Theater inapeza malo enieni. Posakhalitsa anamvetsa chifukwa chake - ochita maseŵera ambiri omwe sangathe kutenga nawo mbali pazinthu zopangidwazo ndipo motero kale "amangokhala" chifukwa cha malipiro awo.

Tsoka ilo, Oleg Nikolaevich analibe mphamvu yochepetsera kukula kwa gululo, motero anapanga gulu lake mkati mwa ochita masewera olimbikitsa komanso ovuta. Kwa zaka zambiri adatha kukopa Kalyagin, Smoktunovsky, Tatyana Doronin ndi ena ambiri kumalo ake owonetsera. Kupyolera mu kuyesayesa kwa mtsogoleri watsopano, zochitika zinayambika ku Moscow Art Theatre pa malo apamwamba kwambiri a akatswiri.

Ngakhale kuti Efremov anali wopambana kwambiri pobwezeretsa utsogoleri wapamwamba wa Masewera a Art Art Academy ku Moscow, sanathe kuthana ndi zovuta ndi magawano kukhala magulu pakati pa ochita masewero. Ndipo mu 1987 iye adagawanika.

Zaka zomaliza za woimba

Atatha kugawidwa, Oleg Nikolaevich potsiriza anali ndi mwayi wokonza masewera atsopano malinga ndi zomwe amakhulupirira. Koma chifukwa cha zovuta ndi kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka makhalidwe abwino a anthu, sakanatha kukwaniritsa malingaliro ake onse. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka zapakati pa 90ties Oleg Nikolaevich Efremov mwadzidzidzi kwa anthu ambiri atakhazikika kumalo owonetsera masewera ndipo pazaka zisanu ndi zinayi zonsezi adachita masewero asanu ndi atatu okha. Chokhota chake chotsirizira chinali Chekhov akusewera Atsikana atatu. Ntchitoyi inali nyimbo ya swan ya Efremov ndi imodzi mwa ntchito zake zabwino kwambiri zaka khumi.

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, amakhala yekha ndipo akudwala kwambiri Oleg Nikolaevich Efremov. Chifukwa cha imfa ya katswiri wotchuka komanso mtsogoleri wamkulu anali matenda owuma, omwe amatha msanga. Ndipotu, matendawa adakula motalika kwambiri. Miyezi yapitayi, Efremov anayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wopuma kuti apume bwinobwino. Kuwonjezera apo, chifukwa cha mavuto ndi mwendo, zinali zovuta kuti asunthe. Koma, ngakhale kuti anali ndi mavuto onsewa, anapitirizabe kugwira ntchito kumaseŵera, osadzidandaula yekha kapena ena.

Mu April 2000, madokotala anamuuza kuti akhoza kukhala ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Wokondwa ndi nthawi yaitali, Oleg Nikolaevich anakonza zoti aike "Cyrano de Bergerac", komanso anayang'ana wolandira m'malo mwake "Boris Godunov". Koma chiwonongeko chinatsimikizira mosiyana, ndipo patatha mwezi umodzi, mu May 2000, iye analibenso.

Oleg Efremov anaikidwa m'manda pafupi ndi Stanislavsky, wolemekezeka ndi iye.

Ntchito mu filimu

Osachepera malo owonetsera, adachitira cinema. Kuyambira m'chaka cha 1955, wojambulayo wakhala akuyang'ana mafilimu oposa zana. Owonapo anaona kuti akhoza kusewera pafupifupi mbali iliyonse ndi kupambana mofanana. Efremov nayenso anali wojambula kuchokera ku "Kutentha, Kutentha Nyenyezi Yanga", ndi Dr. Aybolit wabwino wa filimuyo "Aibolit-66", ndi Dolokhov wochokera ku War ndi Peace, ndipo pokondana ndi masewerawa ndi wofufuza kuchokera ku "Yang'anani pa Galimoto". Ntchito zake zonse zinali zabwino kwa iye.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti Oleg Yefremov anakopeka ndi mwana wake Mikhail mu filimuyo "Pamene Ndikhala Wopambana", ali akadakali wachinyamata, ndipo filimuyi inalemekeza Efremov, Jr. kwa USSR yonse.

Oleg Nikolaevich Efremov: moyo waumwini

Chimodzi mwa zokambirana zomwe tinakambirana kwambiri, kupatulapo malo owonetsera, okhudzana ndi dzina la Oleg Efremov, chinali ubale wake ndi kugonana kokongola.

Ngakhale Efremov anali wooneka ngati wosadzichepetsa, akazi mwa iye sakonda moyo. Ndipo iye nayenso anali munthu wachifundo kwambiri. Pamoyo wonse wa Oleg Nikolayevich, adatchulidwa ndi mabuku osiyana ndi akazi, makamaka ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, koma palibe aliyense wa iwo amene amadziwa bwino momwe amanenera.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba Oleg Nikolaevich Efremov anakwatira makumi awiri ndi zisanu. Lilia Tolmacheva - dzina lake ndi wosankhidwa wake. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mwamuna wake anali m'gulu loyang'anira masewero ake. Ngakhale kuti achinyamata ambiri amakonda zojambulajambula, mgwirizanowu unasokonezeka. Pa nthawi yomweyo, okwatirana adzichita okha ndikupitiriza kugwira ntchito limodzi, ngakhale kuti panalibe kusiyana. Lilia Tolmacheva patapita nthaŵi yaitali anali mmodzi wa okonda masewero owonetsera mafilimu Efremova.

Pambuyo pochita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi, Oleg Nikolaevich adatha kukonza ubwenzi wolimba ndi Irina Mazuruk, wojambula komanso wolemba nkhani. Ngakhale kuti kugwirizana kumeneku sikunali kovomerezeka, mwana wamkazi wa Nastya anabadwa kwa okondedwa. Msungwanayo atakula, adayamba kuyenda pakhomo la amayi ndikukhala woyipa. Mwana wake wamkazi anamutcha dzina lake bambo ake - Olga. Mzukulu wa Oleg Nikolaevich adapitiriza mwambo wa banja la Efraimu ndipo anakhala wojambula.

Amadziwika kuti kwa nthaŵi ndithu Oleg Efremov ndi Vertinskaya Anastasia ankakhala pamodzi. Banja lokongola ndi lowala lidawoneka ngati langwiro. Anakulira m'banja lolemera komanso lolemekezeka, Anastasia anayesera kupereka Efremov gloss ndikumuphunzitsa kuti azikhala molingana ndi zomwe zikuchitika. Pachifukwa ichi, wokondedwayo nthawi zambiri ankamuthandiza ndi uphungu, monga wojambula. Komabe, mgwirizano umenewu sunakhalitse nthawi yaitali, popeza Efremov sanawonongeke nthawi zonse, ndipo Vertinskaya ankafuna kusamalidwa ndi kusamalidwa, zomwe sakanakhoza kumupatsa. Osakhumudwa pazochitikazi, wojambula uja adasonkhanitsa zinthu ndikusiya.

Mkazi wachitatu wa Efremova adakumananso ndi "Act Contemporary" - Alla Pokrovskaya. Banja lawo linali lalitali kwambiri, ndipo atatha kusudzulana, Oleg Nikolaevich Efremov anapempha mobwerezabwereza mkazi wake kuti ayambirenso, koma sizinatheke, chifukwa panthawiyo ankaphunzitsa luso la zisudzo kunja. Banjali linali ndi mwana wamwamuna - wotchuka ndi wokondedwa ndi owona ambiri, wojambula Mikhail Efremov. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ana aamuna awiri a Mikhail (Nikita ndi Nikolai) adagwirizananso ndi abambo ndi agogo aamuna ndikukhala ochita zisudzo.

Pa zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu ziwiri za moyo wake Oleg Nikolaevich Efremov anatha kuchita zambiri zachilendo. Mwachifaniziro, ngati munthu weniweni wa moyo akuyenera kudzala mtengo, akweze mwana wamwamuna ndi kumanga nyumba, ndiye kuti mtumiki weniweni wa museum Melpomene Efremov adakhazikitsa masewera atsopano, adayambitsa mtsogoleri wachifumu ndi kuphunzitsa gulu lonse la ojambula okongola.