Onenepa kukula ng'ombe yokonza ananamizira

Nyama iliyonse amafuna yekha ena danga munthu. Ng'ombe nazonso. Yaikulu mafakitale zovuta kupanga ng'ombe ndi mkaka mu malo amenewo ndi onenepa. Kukula makola ng'ombe, kumene amathera nthawi yake, anakhudzidwa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa kutulutsa mkaka ndi nyama kupanga.

Njira zili

The kuweta ng'ombe anapanga munthu akuganiza za nyama mu ukapolo. Mawu akuti "okhutira" amatanthauza kuchotsedwa mndandanda wonse wa zinthu zoohygienic Chowona Zanyama ndi ukhondo zoo-luso, gulu chikhalidwe. Atsimikiza ndi luso lopanga ndi Cholinga chake kupeza pazipita katundu wa mkulu khalidwe nyama.

Kusankha njira zomwe zili utumiki bwanji chuma ndiponso nyengo, makamaka anaonedwa ndi magulu kugonana nyama. Kore awiri okha: Khalidwe ndi tethered. Iwonso amagwiritsidwa ogaŵikana mitundu ingapo ndiponso kutsatira nkhani malangizo a mitundu ya nyama:

• ng'ombe za mkaka Mitundu ophatikizana ntchito khola ndi onenepa-ziweto zili;
• Ng'ombe ng'ombe - odyetserako ziweto, onenepa, ziweto ndi dongosolo stabling.

Latsopano la Russia, 97,5% ya chonse cha anthu - mwa yokonza ananamizira. More mwapang'onopang'ono kumasunga ankaona njira. Kafukufuku wosiyanasiyana akusonyeza kuti ntchito zokolola pa minda ndi kumasunga njira 2-pindani apamwamba.

onenepa

Kujambula omasuka malo ng'ombe moyo mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi ndalama zimene munalandira kwa mankhwala ake. Atamangiriridwa amafuna moyenera mkati dongosolo la khola, ndi amodzi mwa malo ofunika kwambiri izo - khola ng'ombe. Makulidwe zimadalira mwachindunji mtundu nyama, kukula zawo.

Ndipotu onenepa - mwapadera wokhala ndi mpanda wolimba danga munthu kwa munthu wina. Pa momwe ziriri yabwino moyo ng'ombe zimadalira osati pa zokolola mkaka kapena pafupifupi phindu tsiku, komanso nthawi ya ntchito lokhalamo nyama.

NKHANI makola ng'ombe

Ngakhale kuphweka a kamangidwe, ndi kutukula anali kukumbukira osati kukula wonse wa m'khola la ng'ombe polingalira kukula kwake, komanso nyama anyamuka ndi akupita. Malo ambiri chifukwa ayendetsa amenewa amapereka otetezeka kupeza anthu mu khola ndi kuchepetsa ngozi.

Kuti nyama kukoka mutu patsogolo. Kuchepa kwa malo kumabweretsa kusapeza ndi kuvulala. Makulidwe makola ng'ombe atamangiriridwa tikambirane zinthu zitatu:

• kuchokera mawondo kwa mchira - za 160-180 masentimita, danga kwa thupi;
• kufunika kwa mutu - za 50 cm pamene nyama;
• chipinda zina kuzemba, komabe 50 cm.

miyeso izi zosiyanasiyana zidalira pa mtundu ndi zaka ndi jenda magulu. Mwachitsanzo, iwo ali bwino kwambiri ng'ombe kwambiri mimba. Ng'ombe pa ananamizira yokonza kudzinenepetsa amafuna danga.

kutalika

Kukula onenepa ng'ombe (tethered mtundu wa zinthu) m'litali mwina zinthu zitatu:

• Long kuonjezera ndalama za ntchito yamanja kutsuka manyowa. The onenepa zovuta kukhala oyera, ndi ichi, nayenso kwambiri zimakhudza khalidwe la mkaka. Kuda kutalika kumabweretsa ntchito inefficient malo mafakitale.
• Avereji (kwa 1.9-2 mamita mu kutalika) ndi kaŵirikaŵiri ntchito pa ananamizira ng'ombe zinthunzi. Iwo amapereka ufulu zofunika nyama aimirire, kodi sakutaya miyendo.
• Short (110-140 cm) ndi kosathandiza ndi chitetezo nyama amazionera. Kodi Wopanda manja ndi miyendo yakumbuyo, zikubweretsa sprains, tizilombo ndi matenda a ziboda. Pa zida kumbuyo pansi khola mipiringidzo (60-70 cm) pofuna kuchotsa ndowe akhoza udder matenda ndiponso kuwonongeka ake makina.

m'lifupi

M'lifupi - ichi ndi chizindikiro china kumene kumatsimikizira kukula kwa makola ng'ombe. Si zosakwana mita imodzi nyama wamkulu. Pakuti kulera (pansi miyezi 20), ndi kololeka osachepera m'lifupi - 80 cm.

Kumene, pa nkhani iliyonse pomanga khola kuchita masamu zochokera mitundu nyama. Kwenikweni amaganizira malangizo a dzuwa ndi a kugonana ndi zaka magulu osiyana: ng'ombe za mkaka, nyama, mimba kwambiri, kudzinenepetsa ng'ombe.

zida onenepa

Pamene zili ananamizira nyama amakhala m'khola la. Iwo amakhala okonzeka ndi feeders, akumwa basi pamaziko a: chimodzi kumwa mbale ng'ombe ziwiri.

Tethered chipangizo analanda nyama popanda kusokoneza ufulu kuti upite kwa bedi, kupeza chakudya ndi kusangalala chadzaoneni. Zana chala kungakhale payekha ndi gulu.

Ndi njira iyi onenepa zili pakati pa anthu akhoza kulekanitsidwa. Mawerengedwe a m'dera amapangidwa kuchokera malamulo anakhazikitsa mu mutu wina amene amathandiza kupanga mipando kwa katundu makamaka. Kuchinga, ngati aliyense, anapanga mapaipi. Kamangidwe amalola kusintha kukula kwa khola, malingana ndi kukula nyama.

Paulo

Wakudziko pansi m'dera pa mutu pa minda malonda ranges kuchokera 1.7 kuti 2.3 mamita ^2. Malinga ndi kafukufuku uyu anali kudziwa kukula kwa makola chifukwa ng'ombe. Features pansi yomanga kwagona kuti kukondera kwambiri akhoza kuvulaza nthambi ng'ombe. Omangika kaimidwe angathe n'zothandiza mimba. Analimbikitsa masinthidwe amtundu - ⁰ 2.

Pansi akhoza kukhala mwina olimba kapena pang'ono (40 cm) atatseka latisi. Kuchepetsa choipa kutseka ndi mphira kapena mbale matabwa. Pamene ananamizira yokonza zambiri apansi matabwa. Iwo yosamalika ofunda, zovuta, ndi masuku pamutu yoyenera chabe kukhala oyera.

Matabwa kwenikweni anawakonzera processing 10% njira ya mafuta creosote, ndiye awiri TACHIMATA ndi utomoni otentha. The kumtunda kwa matabwa (limene adzaima nyama) mosamala pare pansi ndi kuphimba svezhegashenoy laimu. Pansi pa imapachikidwa kwa masiku khumi, kenako ali okonzeka ntchito.

Ngakhale predostorozhosti zonse, ndi pansi pa matabwa si zaka zoposa 2-3. Wood zimatenga mkodzo osati kokha, komanso ankatenthetsa madzi ndi zovuta mankhwala, ndi zikhalidwe za mkulu chinyezi nkhokwe zowola kudzera msanga.

miyezo

Utumiki wa Agriculture ndi Chakudya cha la Russia anayamba ndi ovomerezedwa kukula ng'ombe onenepa. Mfundo NTP 1-99 amaoneka tebulo.

Pomanga lililonse zomangira ng'ombe ndi zida stabling msonkhano kwenikweni kuganizira osati malangizo a minda (mkaka, nyama, kuphatikiza), komanso zimaswana nyama. Kukula onenepa ng'ombe malamulo anayamba akatswiri yachilendo, limanenedwa motere:

• m'lifupi ayenera kukhala osachepera kutalika kwa thupi, kuchulukitsa ndi chinthu cha 0,75, ndi osapitirira ziŵiri mu m'lifupi mapewa munthu;
• m'litali ndi 95% ya kutalika kwa thupi nyama kuphatikiza owonjezera 20 cm (iwo kupereka mtunda chitetezo ndi kutumikira kuteteza miyendo kutsogolo pomenya m'mphepete mwa ufa wa).

Pa nthawi yomweyo sitingathe kunyalanyaza mtundu makamaka ng'ombe. Tebulo izi mwachidule miyeso ndi onenepa chimango nyumba malinga ndi kukula kwa ng'ombe.

* Utali wa thupi.

Onenepa ng'ombe kunyumba

Kukula onenepa ng'ombe mu shedi pa pawiri munthu zambiri masamu zonena zoohygenic, imene muyezo mutu 1 ayenera kukhala osachepera 6 mamita ² padziko yapansi. Chipinda momwe zili la munthu mmodzi ayenera kukhala osachepera 18 mamita ^2, chofunika malamulo zoohygienic ndi ukhondo.

Kamangidwe mkati akhoza kukhala osiyana ndi zimadalira mayikidwe a ng'ombe onenepa. zofunika pafupifupi kukula:

• kutalika - 1.7 mamita;
• m'lifupi - mamita 1.1.

Zida Version ufa m'lifupi onenepa kutalika - 1.1 m, ndi m'lifupi pamwamba - 80 cm, pansi - mpaka 45 masentimita kutalika kunja mkanda -. 70 cm, mkati - 30 cm, pakati pa izo kupanga cutout wa khosi.

Gender akupanga ofunda, impermeable madzi, ndi masinthidwe amtundu wa masentimita 2-3 ndipo kwenikweni pamwamba pa nthaka. Pa kumbuyo kwa ufa ndi okonzeka manyowa m'lifupi masentimita 20 ndi akuya 10 cm ndi kopendekera ena kwa thanki Septic. Kukhala kosavuta kuchotsa manyowa pa toti kuchoka kudula khoma mu bokosi laling'ono okonzeka ndi latch a.

Zimafunika makola

Mkaka kupanga pamlingo mafakitale sanataye kufunika kwake. Kupititsa patsogolo maphunziro ndi wamakono wa zida n'zotheka kuti kuonjezera linanena bungwe. Zopangapanga zofunika makola pa yokonza ananamizira:

• odalirika fixation a nyama pa milking kapena kudya;
• muzingochita kayendedwe ka ng'ombe kunja khola;
• kupereka ufulu kulowa ndi kuchoka;
• onenepa kukula ng'ombe ayenera kulola ufulu ndipite kwa nyama mu malo woongoka adzaikidwe pa malo ake a miyendo yonse inayi ndi wabwino anaika chigonere mu izo;
• momasuka ndi chakudya ndi madzi;
• zophweka ndipo mwamsanga fixation kapena kumasulidwa kwa magulu munthu nyama pa nthawi yomweyo;
• chitetezo ogwira pa yokonza;
• kuchepetsa ntchito yamanja.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku, ng'ombe bokosi yabwino ndi maola 14 pa tsiku, ndi mu mtendere - salinso 9. Pa ola, kunama kumawonjezera zokolola mkaka pa 1 lita tsiku - mpaka 5. m'dziko lonse, ndi ukanakhala chithunzi ndi luso kuonjezera kupanga mkaka popanda ndalama yaikulu ndalama.