P. I. Chaykovsky - zaka za moyo. Zaka moyo Tchaikovsky mu Klin

Tchaikovsky, mwina - ndi Oimba ambiri anachita mu dziko. nyimbo wake anachita kulikonse padziko lapansi. Tchaikovsky - si luso Wolemba, iye - inde, imene munthu bwinobwino pamodzi ndi mphatso ya Mulungu chosafota mphamvu za kulenga. Zinali iye amene anamuika kulankhula ndi anthu mobwerezabwereza. Iye ankakonda kulankhula kwa iwo mu chinenero cha nyimbo zake wosafa. Lero, pambuyo oposa zaka, anthu ambiri kudziwa nyimbo zake ndi mtima. 11 masewero a, 3 ballets, 9 nyimbo chifukwa cha ed, 7 nthetemya, 5 zipinda zazikulu zokhala, 11 zoimbaimba, ntchito zambiri loimba ndi opuses - ndipo ichi ndi mndandanda chosakwanira cha ntchito zake. Ambiri kuganiza kuti Tchaikovsky anali ndi moyo wautali. Ngakhale nyimbo sukulu ophunzira, amene mukudziwa tsiku lenileni la kubadwa kwa wolemba kwambiri, anapempha aphunzitsi - "kulowa zaka za moyo wake Tchaikovsky", sachedwa 1840-1920 kapena 1930. Palibe munthu angathe kuganiza kuti moyo wa Wolemba kwambiri anali wamfupi. Iye anafa ali ndi zaka 53 kuchokera kolera.

Wambiri zaka zoyambirira. Bakuman za chiyambi cha mayina

The kwambiri Russian Wolemba Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky anabadwa mu 1840 mu mwezi wa May kumidzi Ural mudzi wa Votkinsk. atate wake - Ilya Petrovich ankagwira ntchito yokonza migodi. Pali umboni kuti makolo a makolo lalikulu woimba anabadwa mu Ukraine. Banja la Tchaikovsky ku mibadwomibadwo ndi nthano za chiyambi cha mayina awo. Mmodzi wa makolo ake - Kazak Emelyan - kusiyana ndi khutu kwambiri nyimbo ndipo angatsanzire mawu a mbalame. Pamene iye anali mu ngalawa, ndiye ankatsanzira mawu a gulls, ndi atangochoka chombo anathamanga paketiyo lonse, ndi namondwe, mbalame izi zathandiza chombo bwinobwino kusambira pagombe. Ndi chifukwa cha ichi Kazak Emelyan kum'patsa dzina lakuti "The mbalameyi" chomwe pambuyo chinasinthidwa dzina la mtundu wina.

Zaka moyo Chaykovskogo Petra Ilicha: m'nyengo yoyambirira

Banja la Ilya Petrovich anali ndi ana asanu ndi awiri, asanu amene - ana aakazi 2. Tchaikovsky ankakhala chitukuko zonse, chifukwa bambo wa banja anali olemera ndithu mwamuna ndi imodzi mwa makampani aakulu kwambiri Russian zitsulo. Pa nthawi yomweyo anali zimakupiza luso, ine kawirikawiri masewera anakonda kuvina ndipo ngakhale kuimba zitoliro mosangalatsa. Matron AA Assier, anali magwero a Franco-German. Iwo anali chitsanzo chenicheni cha mkazi yakale m'ma 19 atumwi. Alexandra Andreevna, ngati mwamuna wake, anali sanyalanyaza luso. Ena madzulo iye anachita limba ndi anaimbira phokoso limodzi wake. Mwachidule, zaka zoyambirira za moyo wa Peter Tchaikovsky adamangidwa chikhalidwe cha kulambira nyimbo. M'nyumba mwawo, kupatula limba mayi anga ankakonda, analinso Orchestrino. Zachititsa kuti yokonza wolemba yoyamba ya zidindo nyimbo. Komanso, m'nyumba mwawo nthawi zambiri kusuntha pansi anzeru m'dera - Orchestrino mvetserani, kuvina ndi kusewera nyimbo. Choncho, nyumba Tchaikovsky posapita nthaŵi anayamba ankamuona ngati likulu la Votkinsk anzeru, ndi zaka zoyambirira za moyo wa P. Tchaikovsky kudzanena mu chikhalidwe nawo za nyimbo.

masitepe loyamba

Tchaikovsky, wolemba pamene iye anali kukumbukira ubwana wake, anavomereza kuti ngakhale chete anamva nyimbo. Iye nthawi zonse adalowa mutu wake. Poyamba, ankaganiza kuti iye anali kumulondola ndipo anali kusautsidwa iye pang'ono. Chifukwa chakuti iye sanathe kulemba nyimbo woomba mu mutu wake, mnyamatayo anabwera mtima ndipo anayamba kulira. Izi, kumene, nkhawa kwambiri makolo ake. Little Petya anayamba bwanji masewera limba nkhani iliyonse yosalala. Kamodzi iye "ankaimba" padziko galasi, kuwomba chala unakula kwambiri moti galasi unathera, ndipo dzanja lake anatembenuka kagawo kwambiri ... Posakhalitsa, makolo ake anaganiza kuyitanidwa kwa nyumba ya Peter mphunzitsi pa limba ndi oseketsa dzina Palchikova. Iye anali serf zakale, ndiponso anaphunzitsa. Mnyamatayo anali okhoza andipeze ndi mphunzitsi wake ndipo anakhala katswiri kusewera chida cha. Amene akanatha anaganiza kuti pang'ono Petya - wosadziletsa anaphunzitsa wophunzira linga - Posachedwapa mmodzi wa Oimba kwambiri pa mbiri ya nyimbo zachikhalidwe, ndipo posakhalitsa dziko lonse adzadziwa dzina lake - Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky. Zaka za moyo wake, makamaka m'nyengo yoyambirira, zinali zodzaza zinakuchitikirani nyimbo, amene Ndithu chinathandiza pochimanga ndipo Wolemba wina.

Kanali koyamba

Yeshe wamng'ono kwambiri mnyamata anayesa nyimbo. Woyambirira ntchito ndi Tchaikovsky, amene adadza kwa ife - yaing'ono limba Waltz "Anastasia-Waltz" imene anapereka kwa mphunzitsi wake Anastasia. Ntchito imeneyi analilemba mu zaka khumi ndi zinayi. Ngakhale kuti mnyamata ankafuna kutsimikizira mwa Mosalephera okhudzidwa zoweta mu dziko la nyimbo, makolo anga anaganiza kuti upeze digirii malamulo ake. Koma izi, ndithudi, sizinamulepheretse kukhala Wolemba, koma dziko lapansi silidamzindikira amene Tchaikovsky. Zaka moyo wolemba mu nthawi wamng'ono ziletso zina kusindikiza pa khalidwe lake. Mu 1850, pamene anauzidwa kuti achoke kunyumba ndipo amapita ku sukulu ku St. Petersburg, iye anali kwambiri ndipo nkhawa akutsanzikana ndi mayi ake amene adamkonda chikondi kwambiri ndi kunyumba ndi m'mbali. zaka 4 zitachitika izo, iye anakumana ndi mantha ngakhale kwambiri: kolera imfa ya mayi ake. Ndipo anachoka chidwi kwambiri moyo wake chifukwa moyo. Tchaikovsky zaka zapitazi, makamaka asanafe, Kawirikawiri ndinakumbukira mayi ake. Zikuoneka kuti anali thanthwe zovuta, chifukwa Peter Ilyich, komanso mayi ake, wamwalira wa kolera.

learning

Pyotr Ilyich anali wophunzira wabwino, koma iye anaphunzira theka mtima, koma kukopa wake nyimbo anawonetsedwa ndi tsiku lililonse likadutsa. Pokhala munthu yamphamvu kwambiri, nthawi yomweyo chidwi ndi tsoka la mwana, bambo ake anaganiza ganyu mphunzitsi Peter amadziwika mabwalo nyimbo - Kyundingera. Ndipo izi, mwinamwake, chinali chiyambi cha kubadwa kwa nyenyezi wolemba, amene tsopano wodziwika mu ngodya zonse za dziko lapansi. Ndithudi, amene lero sakudziwa amene Peter Tchaikovsky? Zaka za moyo wake mu nthawi ya unyamata, umene unachitika mu St. Petersburg, anali olemera ndi yowala, zomwe zachititsa kuti kudzikundikira mu mutu wake zidindo zambiri. Onse m'tsogolo anali akamagwiritsa ntchito zake mwapang'ono.

"Kumvetsa" ndi Mozart

Tchaikovsky ntchito ndi Kyundingerom za zaka zitatu. Komabe, funso Ilya Petrovich, kaya mwana wake kudzipereka wake nyimbo, mphunzitsi inagwedezeka mutu wake ndipo anati iye sanaone mfundoyo. Mwachidule, Kyundinger akhoza simuzindikira kuti anakumana ndi tsogolo Wolemba kwambiri Tchaikovsky. Zaka moyo izo chinachitikira ndi nthawi ya chitukuko mu mtundu wanyimbo Russian opera. Kamodzi Moscow, adadza ku ntchito ya "Don Giovanni" ndi Mozart kwambiri. Young Petro anadabwa ndi zimene anaona ndi kumva. Moyo wake wonse anali wolemba anali kwa Iye ulamuliro wopambana mu dziko la nyimbo. zaka wotsatira wa moyo Tchaikovsky anali zinapatsira ndi ntchito mphamvu ya Mozart kwambiri. Pyotr Ilyich kamodzi anavomereza kuti chifukwa "Don Giovanni" anaganiza kuti adzipereke moyo wake kwa iye Ufumu Music.

Tchaikovsky - Loya

Nditamaliza maphunziro a ukachenjede, kupeza digiri ku jurisprudence, Pyotr Ilyich anakhala wantchito kwa Utumiki wa Justice. Tchaikovsky zaka za moyo pa nthawi imene iye anali munthu wogwira ntchito m'boma, anali omrachneny tanthauzo wosakhutira. Young Peter anali wovuta chilengedwe. Anadandaula Mwai anaphonya, za talente, amene, mu maganizo ake, tisachedwe kukhala. Ndi nthawi iyi mu Russia, pasukulu woyamba linakhazikitsidwa ndi Rubinstein, ndi Ilya Petrovich, powona mavuto a mwana wake, anamulangiza kuyesa dzanja lake monga woimba, ndipo ndinalembetsa mu nyimbo sekondale. Ndiye mnyamata ndi zaka 22. M'chaka choyamba cha phunziro iye pamodzi ndi utumiki mu utumiki, koma kenako kusiya ntchito ndi kudzipereka kwathunthu kwa nyimbo. Titamaliza inali, iye anapatsidwa mwayi malo kuphunzitsa. Ntchitoyi inatenga zaka zoposa 11.

zilandiridwenso nyimbo

Choyamba limba Concerto Tchaikovsky analemba pamene Petro adagogoda 35. Posachedwapa, kutchuka kwake akuyamba kukula ndi liwiro zosaneneka, nthawi zambiri anaitanidwa zochitika zosiyanasiyana, koma cikhalidwe katundu wake monga nthawi wonyeketsa. Mu 1876, mu moyo wolemba a pali woyang'anira akazi Nadezhda Von Meck. Chifukwa cha thandizo lake la Tchaikovsky anayamba ulendo kudutsa Europe ndi America. Aliyense wa mizinda European: Paris, Bern, Rome, Venice - kusiya chizindikiro awo pa ntchito Wolemba lapansi. Mmodzi chidutswa cha nyimbo m'malo ndi mzake, ndipo iwo onse ali bwino kuposa kale lonse. Pambuyo kwambiri akungoyendayenda Pyotr Ilyich anadza kwa mlongo wake Kamenka (Ukraine). Apa, mu dziko lakwawo, ntchito yake asangalala ndi mphamvu zapadera.

Zaka moyo Tchaikovsky mu Klin

Nthawi iliyonse, kuyamba ulendo wautali, Pyotr Ilyich ndinaganiza zoti iye anali kopita. Iye ankafuna kwambiri kuti kwawo. M'tawuni wakunja kwatawuni wa Klin, anagula ziwiri storey momasuka nyumba, amene anakhala "kunyumba" wake. Kenako iye 45. Pali anakhalako zaka khumi. Izi zinali zaka kuberekana. Kodi ndi anthu angati anzeru ntchito zinalembedwa nthawi imeneyi. Iye kawirikawiri kufuna kukhala payekha iyemwini ndi nyimbo wake, koma kwa Moscow kuti iye anali zambiri ankabwera ndi abwenzi ndi admirers. Lero, ndi nyumba iyi ikhale malo a Haji kwa oimba achinyamata ndi admirers ntchito zake. Mu Klin aliyense akudziwa kumene kunyumba kumene anakhala Tchaikovsky kwambiri yekha. Zaka za moyo ndi imfa ya Wolemba ndi chizindikiro mbale pamaso pa nyumba owonetsera zakale - 1840-1893. Iye anali 53 kokha pamene kolera ankadya naye, kamodzi mayi wake wokondedwa. Kodi ntchito ya namatetule zambiri, analemba kuti, ngati iye anakhala. Koma tsoka ... Zimenezo ndi tsoka lake.