PPA - ndi ... Municipal zochita malamulo. mitundu ya PPA

Dongosolo Russian malamulo, kusiyana kwa magwero a lamulo lalikulu kwambiri. Koma zochokera chinthu monga kuchita malamulo. Kodi limatchula mabuku awo, ndipo kodi mitundu ya magwero deta ya malamulo? Kodi n'zotheka kuti amasulire akuti PPA mosiyanasiyana? Ndi chiyani icho?

Masomphenya chikhalidwe cha mtundu wa PPA

Maloya ena amakhulupirira mmene zotsatirazi tanthauzo la mawu akuti "malamulo kuchita". Ndi chikalata mu kulemba kuti alandirika pansi pa chilamulo (boma thupi, kapangidwe ka boma kapena bungwe la demokalase mwachindunji) kuti asonyeze momvetsera a boma ndi malamulo a mgwirizano wa anthu.

Chuma chachikulu cha zochita malamulo (kapena chidule monga PPA) - uyu ndi normative. Komanso, zinthu zimenezi amanenedwa ndi chuma kosamugonjera wotsutsana umayenda.

Masomphenya sayansi ya chikhalidwe cha PPA

Mmodzi mwa akatswiri azamalamulo ankakhulupirira kuti NPA - ndi analembedwapo kuti akufotokoza chifuniro cha limba nduna ya boma, za kukhazikitsidwa, kusintha kapena Kulipira malamulo a chilamulo (malamulo a chilengedwe lamulo, imvera ntchito angapo).

Official NPA masomphenya a chikhalidwe

Pamalo akuluakulu onse ntchito matanthauzo osiyana zitsanzo kuti ndi kachitidwe malamulo. Mmodzi wa iwo, PPA - kuchita munali malamulo malamulo komanso kukhazikitsidwa, omwe anapangidwa kuti adzitenga nthawi yaitali (zambiri) ntchito ndi kugawidwa kalekale (kapena lalikulu kwambiri) chiwerengero cha anthu.

The Supreme Court la Chitaganya cha Russia mu umodzi wa plenums komanso anapereka tanthauzo la PPA. Malinga ndi oweruza, zochita za akuluakulu a udindo kapena akuluakulu kuti anapereka malamulo ndi malamulo kapena malamulo wopita kwa anthu yosadziŵika ndipo akudikila ntchito mobwerezabwereza, kaya kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka ubale malamulo kumalamuliridwa ndi mchitidwewo, anazindikira malamulo ndi zolimbana.

gulu la PPA

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya PPA. Zifukwa classifications awo ochepa. Mmodzi wa iwo zimadalira mmene udindo malamulo a phunziro ali, anapereka lamulo (polimbana ndi lamulo kupanga). Dongosolo la malamulo, anatengera ku Russia, muli gulu zotsatirazi magwero a chilamulo cha muyezo mu funso:

• Chili matupi boma (m'malo mwa boma Russian, nyumba dera kapena oyang'anira tauni ya mphamvu wamkulu).
• Izi malamulo wosindikiza mayanjano anthu (ndi mabungwe).
• Izi malamulo olowa (lomwe mabungwe boma kufalitsa, mphamvu anagwirizana Mwachitsanzo, mabungwe).
• Iwo magwero a malamulo, amawatenga referendum ndi voti mwachindunji anthu.

Mitundu ya PPA zingasiyane ndi ntchito madera. Pali boma normative zochita malamulo a nzika za magwero a lamulo, komanso malamulo inakhazikitsa ndi mizinda yambiri, ndipo zochita m'dera (mgwirizano bungwe mlingo). chifukwa chinanso gulu la PPA - nthawi n'loonadi. Pali zikalata, n'loonadi amene si n'chiyani, ndipo pali magwero zosakhalitsa malamulo.

NPA ndi machitidwe a ntchito lamulo

Maloya ena kusiyanitsa mfundo PPA ndi chinthu choterocho monga mwa ntchito za lamulo. Kusiyana pakati pa zikalata ziwiri akhoza kukhala mokoma zotsatirazi.

• Choyamba, malangizo anapangidwa kuti kasamalidwe lililonse ndi pafupipafupi asapita chikhalidwe. Machitidwe a kumanja angayendetsere zinthu makamaka kulenga chitsanzo. Mwachitsanzo - pa Civil Code la Chitaganya cha Russian - ndi PPA, ndi nkhani yoika ofesi ameya a udindo nkhani ya greening mzinda - kuchita ntchito malamulo.
• Kachiwiri, ndikofunika amene zochita imatsogoleredwa gwero la malamulo.

Normative malamulo zochita, monga ulamuliro, osati. Iwo akumuuza nambala yosadziŵika ya anthu. yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zosonyeza ali payekha zochokera. PPA akhoza kukhazikitsa, kusintha kapena kuletsa ulamuliro uliwonse. kugwiritsa ntchito ufulu Act alibe katundu amenewa. Zimakhala mbali ya malamulo, kufanizira ndi zofunika zokhudza normative malamulo.

NPA ndipo sanali normative zochita malamulo

Akatswiri ena kuti n'kofunika kusiyanitsa pakati pa mfundo za kugona ndi "sanali normative zochita malamulo." I ali motere. Normative mchitidwe - chifukwa cha ntchito malamulo a boma ndi akuluakulu. Iwo ali malamulo ndi malamulo a khalidwe lamulo, osati mwakukonda kwanu, kuti tizigwiritsa ntchito pa yaitali. zochita Non-normative mulibe chilichonse zizindikiro izi. Wina zotheka matanthauzo awo - "chakudya, ochepa nthawi ndi analankhula nkhani yeniyeni."

Pa nthawi yomweyo akukhulupirira kuti zinthu wakhalidwe losalongosoka ndi okhwima ndipo anapereka chakudya lomveka malangizo zotsatira mulingo wa munthu makamaka kapena gulu. GIC RF lili zokhudza zomwe munthu, kuganizira mchitidwe sanali normative malamulo inakhazikitsa kutsutsana naye, kuphwanya mfundo za ufulu wachibadwidwe ndi ufulu wina, mwina adzakana udindo wake zinachitika pamene malinga zili mchitidwewo.

Kuchuluka kwa ntchito malamulo

Za mtundu wina fungulo la feduro NPA mu Russia - malamulo. Izi zolimbana, monga ena maloya izi mafunso ofunika:

• kukwanilitsidwa kwa ufulu, kumasulika kwawo ndi udindo wa nzika, chitetezo;
• kukhazikitsa mfundo za udindo malamulo nzika zochita zosiyana.

Pakuti lamulo la Chilamulo Federal mafunso ubale feduro. kasamalidwe Izi njira demokalase (chisankho misinkhu yosiyanasiyana, referenda).

Machitidwe malamulo Akuluakulu a ku Russia pa mlingo boma ali ndi udindo kwa ratification kapena mwano wa mapangano walemba ndi Russia ndi limati zina. malamulo Federal malangizo mfundo zachuma, ntchito msonkho deta. FL - Sources malamulo zokhudza chitetezo cha dziko ndi ndondomeko asilikali. Pa mlingo boma iyankha mafunso ofunika za dongosolo chilungamo, yankho mikangano boma, chigamulo ntchito, maloya. malamulo Federal cholinga zonse mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zochita za anthu ndi nyumba boma. Pali Chilamulo Federal "Pa olowa Stock Companies", pali mchitidwe wofanana malamulo ntchito ya kampani. Maloya ena kuvomereza gulu la FL mu mitundu iwiri - malamulo atsopano ndiponso codified.

The Constitution - kuchita ndi mphamvu apamwamba malamulo

Waukulu Russian NPA - ndi lamulo ladziko. Iye ali wamkulu malamulo mphamvu. gwero la malamulo anapatsidwa ndi khalidwe constituent: malangizo ndi malamulo ali Constituion, maziko mwamtheradi onse zinthu zina malamulo inakhazikitsa mu Russia. Limafalitsa gwero la malamulo ndi wina kuposa anthu Russian. The Constitution - osati mwalamulo kwambiri chikalata. Ichi ndi maziko zochita za njira kiyi ndale komanso. Iwo akufotokoza cohesion chikhalidwe cha anthu, omwe mwina ndi wapadera kwathunthu chidwi ndale. Lamulo la Chitaganya cha Russia ndi kuliika mbali kiyi wa boma, dongosolo la boma, ubale pakati pa anthu ndi dziko mabungwe umoyo ndale.

Limatchula za malamulo Federal Constitution

A subspecies la Chilamulo Federal - Chilamulo Constitutional. Iwo ndi makhalidwe ena. Malamulo amenewa anapangidwa kuti cholinga cha ndondomeko zolimbana, amene momveka bwino mu Constitution. Pakati pawo Mwachitsanzo, udindo wa mabungwe kiyi boma. ntchito yawo ndi Malamulo oyendetsera dziko - "Pa Government", "Pa Constitutional Court", ndi zina zotero. Pali zochita lomwe zonse oyamba kapena Kulipira udindo, zokhudza mlingo wa ulamuliro boma. Mwa anthu lamulo oyamba a malamulo achisilikali. Russian malamulo oyendetsera dziko anayambitsa malamulo okhudza kapangidwe ka boma ndi ndale za dziko umakhala malamulo oti zisudzo latsopano angathe kumwedwa mu boma. Mphamvu malamulo a malamulo oyendetsera dziko ndi apamwamba kuposa anthu wamba boma (pansi Article 76 ya malamulo oyendetsera). zochita izi atengedwa mu dongosolo okhwima. Mwachitsanzo, atsimikizire kapena kukonza malamulo oyendetsera dziko, kuvota "chifukwa" sayenera zosakwana 60% a mamembala a Bungwe la Federation ndi osachepera kulandilidwa ndi mphambu ziwili za State Duma akuluakulu.

Malamulo a Federation ndi

Aliyense nkhani RF - zikhale yoyenda yokha dera, dera, dera kapena Republic - nawo ufulu kuti apereke malamulo awo. Chotero normative zochita malamulo akutengedwa malamulo kapena nthumwi thupi la phunziro (zambiri, ndi bungwe boma). Machitidwe kupelekedwa ndi boma la Federation, ndipo anafuna zonse zokhudza madera chifungulo cha chikhalidwe andale ndi azachuma chitukuko cha deralo.

Waukulu muyezo - lalikulu ladziko litsatidwe Russian kuti akhazikitse malamulo ndi zina, apamwamba malamulo mphamvu PPA. Chitsanzo: pali Chilamulo Federal "Pa mfundo za m'dera wodzilamulira." Malamulo zotchulidwa mu izo, ayenera n'komwe mu mapangidwe chimango malamulo okhudza ntchito ya Federation of mizinda yambiri. Ngati, nkuti, boma la Republic of Council Tatarstan kutengera malamulo ake m'dera wodzilamulira malamulo omwe ali m'bukuli sayenera kutsutsa Law, amene tatchulazi. Maloya ena amakhulupirira kuti zotsatira za PPA analandira akuluakulu boma la Federation, mulole ntchito kwa zinthu boma, chifukwa iwo ali singathe Buku la nyumba oyandikana.

Features la machitidwe oyang'anira tauni malamulo

zochita Municipal zalamulo zosiyana ndi PPA mlingo boma ndi dera amene amanena mu ena m'dera - mzinda, County, chigawo. Dongosolo la Machitidwe malamulo mlingo oyang'anira tauni imakhala nkhani zotsatirazi:

• hayala wa unit Kupititsa;
• magwero a malamulo, wosindikiza ulamuliro m'dera la boma nthumwi;
• Machitidwe amawatenga a Meya, utsogoleli ndi akuluakulu ena (monga lamulo la).

Municipal zochita malamulo akhoza anatengera pa anthu a m'dera la referendum kapena pagulu. Mfundo chidwi kuti NPA chimodzimodzi malamulo mphamvu ngati nkhani anzawo. Komanso, zaka zingapo zapitazo Russian Ministry of Justice inakhazikitsa kuti malamulo chiŵerengero cha Lamulo oyang'anira tauni pa siteji ya boma kulembetsa ake ndi magwero a chilamulo ovomerezedwa Assembly anthu. Ngati ovomerezedwa ndi hayala ali malamulo amene sagwirizana ndi anthu ali kugona ndi anavomera zpani zambiri, si anazindikira kuti azitsatira malamulo a dziko la Russia ndipo sangathe akalembetse m'kaundula.

malamulo lonse la Chitaganya cha Russian

Pali mtundu wapadera zokhudza malamulo - Chilamulo pa ratification kapena mwano wa mapangano lonse la Russia. Iwo akutengedwa pa maziko a Article 106 la Constituion. Malamulo amenewa ndi ndondomeko yeniyeni umwana, koma iwo ali gawo zonse za dongosolo dziko malamulo. Buku la machitidwe normative malamulo a mtundu chimapita kupyola Bulletin mabacteria lonse. Nkhani I-15 ya malamulo oyendetsera dziko limanena kuti mapangano yolembedwa ndi la Russia ndi mayiko ena, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa malamulo. Ndipo chifukwa ena maloya kuitana ngati PPA apamwamba mu utsogoleri wolowezana wa malamulo.

boma PPA

zochita Normative wa RF boma inakhazikitsa malinga ndi Article 115 la Constituion ndipo malinga ndi malamulo a lamulo lalikhulu ladziko "Pa boma." ndi chikhalidwe malamulo a boma PPA chiyani? Pofuna kukwaniritsa zofunika la Constituion, Chilamulo, Pulezidenti Watsimikiza boma la Russia unapereka mwapadera zikalata - malamulo, maweruzo, komanso polojekiti ntchito yawo. Machitidwe wosindikiza boma, potero wamng'ono. Iwo ayenera kwathunthu zogwirizana ndi malamulo ndi zina za lamulo feduro. Maonekedwe, monga ena a chilamulo, - mawonekedwe lapadera kwambiri boma PPA. zinthu zimenezi zonse zofunika mu yamtunduwu wa mphamvu wamkulu mu Russia. Order - ndi zochita malamulo malamulo magazini atsopano. Onse mitundu ya magwero a chilamulo anatengedwa ndi boma, kawirikawiri Utsogoleli, koma nthawi zina akhoza kufalitsa mwini Minister awo yayikulu ya Russia.