RCD akusankha: mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito ndi mitundu

RCD (chipangizo chotetezera chitetezo) chakonzedwa kuti chiteteze kuopsa kwa magetsi kwa anthu ndi nyama pamene zakhudzidwa ndi ziwalo zamoyo ndi mbali zina zamagetsi ndi magetsi pamagetsi. Ntchito yotsatirayi ndikuteteza moto pamene mafunde akugwa akuwoneka pansi. Chochitetezera chikuwonetseredwa pa kuchotsedwa kwa maamboni omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zotsatirazi:

• Kutsekera kwa thupi la magetsi, lomwe liri lovutitsa, kupyolera mu thupi mpaka pansi;
• Kuyankhulana ndi zida zamakono zamakono ndi zigawo zosakanikirana za magetsi a magetsi chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa kusakaniza;
• Kusintha kwa nthaka (PE) ndi zero (N) oyendetsa magalimoto.

RCD imatetezeranso mawebusaiti kuchokera ku mphamvu zapadera. Kuchita izi, kukana kosagwirizana ndi mzere kumagwirizanitsa ndi kulowerera kwa pulojekitiyo ndi gawo pa zotsatira. Kusiyanasiyana komweku kumayenderera mwa iyo pamene magetsi akukwera pamwamba pa 270 V, kenako RCD ikuyendera.

Zida zotetezera zimasiyanasiyana ndi machitidwe ndi mfundo zoyendetsera ntchito. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zothandiza kwambiri ndi kusankha kwa RCD, komwe kumapangitsa kuti anthu asagwirizane. Mbali yake ndi khalidwe lotsika mofulumira (mtundu S kapena G). Iko imayikidwa pafupi ndi gwero, ili ndi kusiyana kosiyana kwamakono ka 100 kapena 300 mA ndipo imatsimikizira kuti RCD yotsatira yomwe ili patsogolo pa wosuta idzachotsedwa poyamba.

Motero, chitetezo chamakono cha magetsi akugwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikiritsa zolakwa ndi kuchotsedwa kwa zigawo za munthu aliyense pogwiritsa ntchito njira zowonongeka.

Kodi RCD ikukonza bwanji?

RCD imatchedwanso kusintha kosintha. Ntchitoyi idakali yofanana: sinthani dera pamene kuphulika kumachitika. Chofunika kwambiri pa chipangizochi ndi toroidal transformer ndi maulendo angapo a zero ndi waya wothandizidwa mosiyana. Zotsatira zake zimakhalabe zero kwa opaleshoni yoyenera. Kutsikira pansi kumathera pang'onopang'ono, kumapeto komwe kumakhala mpweya, pofika pamtengo wapatali, dera lamagetsi limachotsedwa ndi njira zoyamba ndi zoyendetsera.

Gala la pansi lapansi la PE likufunikanso kwa RCD. Kupanda kutero, pamene pali thupi lopangidwira chifukwa cha kusungunuka, palibe phokoso lamakono, ndipo ngati mumakhudza ndi kuyika zida zachitsulo (radiator, mapaipi a madzi), mungathe kuwona kugwedezeka kwa magetsi. Pachifukwa ichi, chipangizo chotetezera chidzagwira ntchito, koma zidzakhala zabwino ngati zidzatuluka pansi.

Kuti muonetsetse kuti chipangizo chotetezera chitetezeka, chitani. Pogwiritsa ntchito chigamulochi, RCD imasokoneza dera ngakhale musanakhudze zitsulo zamagetsi kapena zipangizo zapanyumba.

Mitundu ya RCDs

Ma CD amagawidwa malinga ndi ntchito zomwe ziyenera kuchitika:

• AC - kuyankhidwa mwadzidzidzi kapena pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezereka kuthamanga kumeneku.
• A - Kuonjezeranso kumayambitsa kusiyana komwe kulipo panopa, komwe kungawonekere mosayembekezereka kapena kuwonjezereka pang'onopang'ono.
• B - kuyankhidwa ndi mafunde othamanga nthawi zonse ndi osinthasintha.
• S - yosankha RCD ndi nthawi yowonjezereka yowonongeka.
• G ndi ofanana ndi S, koma ndi kuchedwa pang'ono.

Kodi ndi RCD iti imene ingasankhe?

Kuchulukira pakakhala pakhomo kumapangidwe kumapanga osamba, kuyatsa magetsi, makanema, makompyuta, zipangizo zamagetsi ndi zipangizo zina zomwe zimakhala ndi magetsi amphamvu. Kupanda kusungulumwa kwapadera mu zipangizo ndi thyristor kulamulira kwambiri kunapangitsa mwayi wa kuphulika kwa nthawi zonse kapena kusinthasintha pakali pano. Choncho, ngati poyamba zinali zokwanira kukhazikitsa mtundu wa AC, tsopano tumizani A kapena B akufunika.

Kumene mungakonze RCD?

1. Malo amtundu uliwonse m'mabwalo omwe palibe chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha magetsi.
2. Mu maulendo a magetsi ndi ngozi yowopsya yamagetsi (zipinda ndi chinyezi pamwamba pa chizolowezi, malo ogulitsa, zipangizo zapanyumba, etc.).
3. Pachifukwa chachikulu chotetezera kuopsa kwa moto. Kawirikawiri, RCD imasankha.
4. M'mabwalo operekera pansi, mu zikopa za nyumba, m'nyumba za munthu aliyense.
5. Mu njira zowonjezera mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu: RCD yodziwika bwino ndi yosiyana ndi mizere yotuluka, ndi kusankha kwa magawo otsimikizira choyambitsa chosankha.
6. Pazigawo zoyandikana, Mwachitsanzo, 10 ndi 30 MA, 30 ndi 40 MA, ndi zina zotero, kusankhidwa kwamtundu wa RCD sichikuoneka chifukwa chapamwamba kwambiri. Kwazimene zimayikidwa, zimatsimikiziridwa ngati RCD 100 mA yosankhidwayo imasankhidwa kotero kuti pakadali nthawi yochedwa.
7. Chifukwa cha ukalamba wa kusungunula, kuwonjezeka kwapang'onopang'ono muchitsime chakutsika sikuchitika nthawi zonse.
8. Ndi kuwonjezereka kwadzidzidzi komwe kukuchitika pakali pano, chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa kusungunula, iliyonse ya RCD, yomwe ili m'kati mwa dera, ikhoza kuyambitsa. Izi zimachokera ku zochitika zofulumira komanso zofunikira nthawi yomweyo pazigawo zingapo za chitetezo.

Kufunikira kugwiritsa ntchito RCDs

RCD amasankha ntchito yake yotetezera moto ngati kusinthidwa ndi kuchedwa kwa S kapena G kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zimaphatikizapo kuwonjezereka koyenera kuti zitha kupirira maulendo ang'onoang'ono, kusintha mphamvu, kuthamanga ndi kutentha, ndi zina zotero.

Kawirikawiri, chowongolera chachikulu chimapanga RCD yopaka moto chifukwa chachitsime chachikulu chothamanga.

Ma CD sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa maulendo omwe sangathe kusinthidwa mwadzidzidzi, chifukwa izi zingabweretse mavuto (moto kapena ng'anjo yamoto, ngozi kwa ogwira ntchito, etc.).

Kuphatikiza pa RCD, kusankha pakali pano kuyenera kusinthidwa. Choyamba choyambitsa chiri pafupi ndi malo owonjezera kapena ochepa. Pankhaniyi, oyendetsa dera akuyambitsanso kale kusiyana ndi nthawi yamakono yopita kumapeto. Izi ndizofunika kuti zisawonongeke zowonjezera mndandanda wa zigawo zogwirizana, popeza zamakono zikudutsa mwazomwe zimatetezedwa.

Mitundu ya RCDs yosankha

Kuti mukhale ndi RCD, ndi bwino kuti mupume pang'ono, kuti muyambe kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu wonse womwe uli pansi pa dera. Pachifukwa ichi, chipangizo chopanda kuchedwa kwa kanthaŵi kochepa chimadutsa pakalipitsa madzi omwewo ndipo sichigwira ntchito. Nthawi yochedwa kuchepetsa zitsanzo zimasiyana. Zogulitsa zomwe zimatchulidwa S, ndi 0.15-0.5 s, mwachitsanzo, RCD 63a 100mA imasankha, ndizotheka kusintha kuchepetsa. Kusankha kudzakhala bwino ngati iwo atayikidwa pakhomo la chingwe choperekera cha nyumbayo. Zitsanzo zina zakunja zili ndi nthawi yochedwa kwambiri. Zimapangidwira kuti zisawononge dera pamene choopsa cha moto chikuchitika. Pomwe chitetezo chikuletsedwa, chachikulu kwambiri chokhalira kutsekemera.

Pamene G imatchulidwa, chipangizocho chikugwira ntchito mkati mwa 0.06-0.08 s. Chipangizocho ndichangu mwamsanga kuti athe kuyankha mavuto a pa intaneti. Iyenera kukhazikitsidwa pansi pa RCD mtundu S posankha. Ndi chitetezo cha masitepe awiri, icho chikhoza kukhazikitsidwa pazowonjezera, popeza liwiro la RCD likugwirizanitsa pansi ndilopamwamba kwambiri.

Ngati pali magulu angapo a katundu mu intaneti, chipangizo chokhalira chitetezo chimagwirizanitsidwa pamaso pa aliyense, ndipo RCD yotentha yamoto imagwirizanitsidwa ndi zomwe zimaperekedwa. Ndiye, ngati imodzi mwa mizere ikulephera, idzakhala yokhayokha, ndipo zina zonse zidzakhala zogwirizana. Ndichidongosolo ichi, zimakhala zosavuta kuzindikira kuti ntchitoyi ilibe vuto. Ngati RCD yachibadwa ndi yolakwika kapena sichimayankha pamtunda, ndiye kuti RCD yosankha (300 mA kapena 100 mA) idzayenda ndikuchotsa makompyuta onse.

Kuti muonetsetse kusankha, zida zotsatirazi zidafunika:

• Ikani nthawi yotsatila ku RCD, ngati n'zotheka;
• Sungani magawo oyendetsa ulendo malinga ndi kuwonongeka kwamakono.

Makhalidwe a kuchotsedwa kwa RCD posankha zochita ayenera kudutsa enawo osachepera katatu. Pokhapokha pokhapokha chipangizochi chidzatsimikiziridwa kugwira ntchito.

RCD magawo

Zigawo ziwiri za RCD zimatsimikiziridwa ndi ma Russia:

• Nthawi yozembera ndi nthawi kuchokera ku mawonekedwe a mphuno yowonongeka kwadutsa Δi mpaka arc ikuzimitsidwa;
• Nthawi yayikulu yoperewera kwa chipangizo cha mtundu S ndiyo nthawi yamkati pakati pa kuyambira kwa zochitika za Δi ndi kutsegula kwa ojambula.

Chotsatira chotsiriza chimayambitsa kusankha kwa RCD. Kuwonongeka kwake ndi 0,5 s. Pachifukwa ichi tiyenera kuganizira kuti pofuna chitetezo cha anthu, kutsegulira kuyenera kuchitika mkati mwa 10-30 ms, kuteteza kutayika kwa kusungunula - mpaka 500 ms. Mtundu wa RCD S umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamene kuli kofunika kuchotsa zabwino zonyenga kuchokera ku zotsatira za kusokoneza kapena kuthamanga kwa magetsi.

Pofuna kuthamanga kwa intaneti, RCDs igawanika motere:

• Kugwiritsa ntchito - nthawi yomweyo;
• Lembani G - 10-40 ms;
• Lembani S - 40-500 ms.

Mafunde othamanga nthawi zonse amapezeka m'maulendo a magetsi. Mwachidule, sayenera kukhala apamwamba kusiyana ndi 1/3 ya dzina la Δi la chipangizochi. Zimatengedwa kuti pa 1 A katundu pali 0,4 mA ya kutayika kumeneku kwa wogula, ndi mamita 1 a kutalika kwa waya - 10 μA. Chipangizo chotetezera chimasinthidwa ndi kufunika kwa chiwonongeko cha chilengedwe chonse. Ngati izi sizinayende, pangakhale ma alarm wamba. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chipangizo chopangidwa ndi Δi = 100 mA sichingateteze munthu kuchoka kwa magetsi.

Pogwiritsa ntchito magetsi, n'zotheka kusanenapo mtundu wa RCD mpaka akatswiri akufunikira. Koma muyenera kutsimikizira kusankha kwanu pasadakhale. Ndikofunika kuti pakali pano pulogalamuyi ikhale yoposa yomwe ikugulitsidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, RCD imangowonjezera pawiri pawiri ndi woyenda dera. Mukhoza kukhazikitsa chimodzimodzi m'malo mwazipangizo ziwiri. Zidzakhala zochepa, koma muyenera kusankha bwino magawo.

RCD imateteza mawotchi awiri, komwe palibe wotetezera. Koma zimagwira ntchito pokhapokha mutagwira malo oopsa.

Kodi mungasankhe bwanji RCD yamoto?

RCD 63A yosankhidwa, 300mA nthawi zambiri imayikidwa pakhomo ngati kumenyana ndi moto.

Ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yowonjezera yowonjezera, kuyika mu zipangizo zotetezera nyumba pa 30 mA. Pano, "ntchito" yosankhidwa imagwira ntchito chifukwa cha kusiyana kwakukulu m'mayendedwe a phukusi. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ndalama zimasungidwa pa kusiyana kwa mtengo. Kuonjezerapo, ma RCD omwe amatha kukhala otetezeka amapereka chitetezo chabwino chifukwa cha kuyankha mofulumira pamene akugwira mafunde othamanga. Kusiyanitsa kwa khalidwe la zidazo ndi chifukwa chakuti chipangizo chosankha sichitha choyamba ndi kusiyana komwe kuli pano kapena kwakukulu kuposa 300 mA. Mkhalidwe woterewu ndi wodabwitsa kale ndipo funso siliri ngati liyenera kupita ku bwalo lolamulira, lomwe lingakhale pamsewu. Pokhala ndi zamakono kwambiri, nthawi zambiri RCD ikhoza kugwira ntchito, ngati ngozi inachitika pamzere. Apa ndizomwe zidzawonekere kuti ndiyang'anire kukanika.

Choncho, RCD yamoto imatha kukhazikitsidwa ngati yosankha kapena yachilendo.

Opanga RCDs

Legrand Gulu ndi lodziŵika bwino kwambiri popanga makina opangira magetsi. Malo akuluakulu amapereka chikhalidwe chapamwamba kwambiri komanso kupanga ndalama zazikulu pakupanga magetsi atsopano. Kwa Russia, gululi limapereka mndandanda wonse wa zipangizo zamagetsi, kuyambira kumalo osungiramo katundu ndi kusintha kwa machitidwe opambana olamulira.

RCD Legrand yosankhidwa ndi mtundu wamagetsi komanso wamagetsi (omwe akuwonetsedwa pazenera). Malingana ndi mavesiwo, amaikidwa pambali kapena pansi pa ozungulira. Nthawi yochedwa (0-1.3 s) ndi kutengeka ndizosinthika. Kuphatikiza ndi makina odzidzimutsa, zogwira mtima kwambiri kapena zipangizo zoyenera zotetezera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mitengo ya RCD imakhala yapamwamba, monganso maina ena.

Pogwiritsa ntchito ABB, RCDs yochuluka kwambiri imayimilidwa ndi mndandanda wa F 200 - kuyambira 16 A mpaka 125 A. Pakhomo la nyumba, pali RCD 63A yokwanira, 100 mA osankha. Kwa mafunde othamanga pa zipangizo zam'nyumba, chipangizo cha mamita 30 chimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Monga kutetezera moto pakhomo la nyumba yaumwini, RCD ABB (63A, 300mA) imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazithunzi zinayi kuntaneti, monga imodzi mwazinthu zodalirika. Iye si wotsika mu khalidwe la mankhwala a brand Legrand. Kwa nyumba yokhala ndi gawo limodzi lothandizira padzakhalanso chipangizo chosokoneza bipolar. Chithunzichi chili pansipa chikusonyeza RCD ABB 63A, 300mA.

Mawotchi omwe alipo omwe zipangizo zingathe kupirira ndi 3 mpaka 10 kA (zomwe zikuwonetsedwa pazenera). Ndi nthawi yaifupi, osati ntchito yamakono. RCD ikhoza kuyima kupuma mpaka woyenda dera asatsekeke.

The firm is one of the leading, koma mitengo ndi apamwamba kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri ogula amakonda mitundu ya abb, popeza chitetezo ndi chodula kwambiri. Kusiyanitsa gawo la ABB DDA200 AP-R mtundu A ndi AC amapangidwa. Zimapereka nthawi yowonjezereka ya 10 ms, ngakhale izi sizitengera ABB RCD. Chidule cha khalidwe lothandizira lili pakati pa kusankha ndi RCD. Chipangizocho chawonjezereka kukana zowononga zabodza poyerekeza ndi zipangizo zambiri.

Chiwerengero cha kukana RCD ABB, komanso zinthu zina zonse, ndi 2 peresenti, chifukwa palibe vuto lililonse lomwe likugwira ntchito. Zipangizo zamagetsi zimadalirika kwambiri kuposa zamagetsi ndipo zonse zimakhala ndi zotsatira, kupatula pa mtengo. Ma CD ali ndi makina opanga magetsi omwe ayambira kale kuwonekera sali otsika mofanana ndi mawotchi odalirika.

Mumsika mungapeze katundu kaŵirikaŵiri mtengo, ndipo mwa mawu a khalidwe si otsika kwa ABB. Kampaniyo imapanganso FH 200, yomwe ili ndi mtengo wochepa, koma imatayika kwambiri ngati F 200. Makamaka, ilibe waya wodalirika wotsegula mauthenga omwe mwamsanga amayamba kutuluka, omwe amakhudza ubwino wa ntchitoyo.

Ngati mumagula RCD ABB, ndiye m'masitolo apadera, osati m'malo okayikitsa. Kugonana n'koopsa chifukwa sizingathe kuteteza munthu bwino. Pa zipangizo zamakono, mndandanda wa UZO wagwa, magalimoto odzigudubuza amamvetsera kwambiri chifukwa cha mtengo wapamwamba.

Gulu la makampani a IEK limapanga zinthu zokwana 7,000 zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zochitika za dziko lapansi ndikuonetsetsa kuti ntchito zamagetsi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito modalirika.

Zopamwamba zimaperekedwa pa RCDs. Kumbali imodzi, amayenera kugwira ntchito moyenera, kuteteza anthu kuti asagwedezeke ndi magetsi , ndi kuwongolera - kuchoka pangozi yotentha. Koma pakadali pano, zipangizo zoikidwa pazigawo zosiyana za maulendo a magetsi ziyenera kuchita mwachindunji, zimalepheretsa zigawo zina. Zinthu izi, komanso GOST 51326.1, zimagwirizana ndi IED ya mtundu wa IEK mtundu VD1 63S.

Gulu la mankhwalawa limayimilidwa ndi mazenera a dzina la 25-80 A, ndipo mikangano yosiyana ndi mamita 100 ndi 300 mA. Mitengo ndi yotchipa kusiyana ndi malonda otchuka ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati zowzimitsa moto. Pachifukwa ichi, chisankho cha chitetezo chimatsimikiziridwa ndi miyezo yapamwamba ya maulendo odziteteza komanso nthawi yowonongeka kuti asinthe maulendo.

Kusankhidwa kwa zipangizo zoteteza

Ngati magetsi akugwiritsidwa ntchito molingana ndi dongosolo lokhazikika, chiwonetsero cha sinusoidal chikuyenda kudutsa dera. Kuphulika kudzakhala kofanana ndipo apa mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo monga AC.

katundu wamakono ayamba kukhala ntchito kwa kulamulira dera gawo odulidwa kwambiri. kutayipa chipangizo wokamba kuwayankha sadzakhala pano, ndi bwino ntchito RCD mtundu A, amene amatipatsa panopa sinusoidal. Zipangizo angagwiritsidwe ntchito pamodzi Mwachitsanzo, incandescent kuyatsa abwino mtundu wa kulankhula, ndi malo ogulitsira, sipangakhalenso olumikizidwa kwa zipangizo ndi ulamuliro kugula - mtundu A. Koma ngati muyenera kusintha kuyatsa kwa nyali mphamvu yopulumutsa ndi ulamuliro kuwala ndi gawo odulidwa wolemera, ndi inunso m'malo AC chipangizo mtundu A. Apo ayi izo sizigwira ntchito.

Mmalo mwa kupatutsa zimatiyika actuation madera ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo kusankha. Pa kulowa waukulu mtundu akonzedwa S, mlingo wachiwiri - G, ndiye yomweyo tripping zipangizo.

RCD anasankha sitepe imodzi apamwamba oveteredwa panopa kuposa chikugwirizana mu tandem kunali lophimba zodziwikiratu kuti akhoza kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali pamene choposa katundu. Ukapita makina waima pa 50, n'koyenera kuti kusankha RCDs 63A.

Malinga ndi zofunikira za mfundo kutsogolo chida gulu zikusonyeza kufunika mwadzina wa voteji ndi nthawi ndi kusintha panopa Δi. Ngati pali zoti yoweyula sine - choyimira cha wokamba. Kupezeka pansi ziwiri zabwino theka mkombero ndi Mtundu A. Kusankha RCD ndi S ndi G. Makalata lalifupi dera oveteredwa panopa imaonekera mu chimango cha. chipangizo ayenera kupirira kumanga-mpaka pazipita, mpaka makina ndi ikanazimitsidwa. Childs, panopa alibe nthawi kukwaniritsa malire. RCD dera disables zotsogolerazo zosalongosoka sichinafikebe, ndi Kutentha wochititsa kutchinjiriza Sichinatsitsidwe akayaka.

Pomaliza

Mu Intaneti magetsi banja ntchito panopa ndi nthawi selectivity. Chifukwa chaichi, chipangizo zoteteza wokwera pa mndandanda pa chithunzi cha mtengo, momwe lophimba wina ndi wamba. Chifukwa cha mfundo ya kanthu ndi kuchepetsa nthawi ya otaya panopa m'thupi anakumana mwachindunji kapena mozungulira kwa zigawo magetsi amene ali pansi voteji. Kusankha RCD waikidwa pakhomo ndi kukachita ntchito ya moto.