Mzinda wa Yoshkar-Ola: anthu, zigawo, chuma

Yoshkar-Ola ndilo mzinda waukulu wa Republic of Mari. Zodabwitsa kwa munthu wolankhula Chirasha mzindawu unalandira kuchokera ku chinenero cha Mari ndipo kwenikweni amatembenuzidwa kuti "mzinda wofiira".

Zambiri zokhudza mzindawu

Kumadera akummawa kwa Russia ndi boma laling'ono la Mari El. Likulu lake ndi mzinda wa Yoshkar-Ola.

Kukhalapo kwa Yoshkar-Ola kunayamba mu 1584, pamene inayikidwa ndi Tsar Feodor Ioannovich pofuna cholinga chokhazikitsa chitetezo pamtsinje Kokshaga. Dzina lake lapachiyambi linali Tsarevokokshaisk, linagwira ntchito mpaka 1919.

Kuchokera mu 1919 mpaka 1927, mzindawu unakonzedweratu ku Krasnokokshaisk, ndipo pambuyo pake kwa Yoshkar-Ola amene alipo tsopano.

Kuyambira pamene maziko a tawuni ya Yoshkar-Ola, yakula, ikukula ndi bwino. Komabe, sakanatha kudzitama ndi anthu ambiri. Anthu a Yoshkar-Ola sanadapitilire anthu 2000 kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800.

Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse, pamene mizinda yambiri ya ku Russia inkaponyedwa mabomba ndi kuwonongedwa, dziko la Mari linali losavuta kuchokera kutsogolo. Izi zinakhudza kuti makampani akuluakulu ndi ofunika kwambiri a mafakitale anatumizidwa ku mzinda waukulu wa Republic. Pambuyo pa nkhondo, iwo sanasamalidwe, ndipo izi zinakhudza chitukuko cholimbika cha mzindawo ndipo, motero, kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha anthu.

Kukula kolimba kwa mzindawo kunayamba kokha kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 21, pamene mutu wa Republic of Mari El adatsimikizira kuti kumangidwanso kumanganso malo ambiri, mbiri ndi chikhalidwe. Ndipo mafashoni omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito anali osiyana, omwe aliyense angathe kudziwona yekha.

Kukhala ku Yoshkar-Ola

Mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, anthu a Yoshkar-Ola sanadutse anthu 2000. Kudumpha kwa chiŵerengero cha anthu kunachitika pambuyo pa nkhondo, pamene mzindawo unali wodzaza ndi mafakitale omwe akutukuka, ndipo, chifukwa chake, anthu anayamba kulimbikira kugwira ntchito m'mafakitale.

Malingana ndi chiŵerengero cha kafukufuku wa anthu a ku Russia, mu 2016 Yoshkar-Ola anali ndi anthu 265,044. Kwa gawo la 110 km ² ichi ndi chizindikiro chabwino kwambiri.

Mwa chiŵerengero cha anthu okhala ku Russia, Yoshkar-Ola ali ndi zaka 74. Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi 2594 pa km ² . Monga chiwerengero cha amai mumzindawu, amuna 45% ndi amayi 55% amakhala. Anthu okhala m'tawuni ndi 57.3% (chiwerengero cha anthu akumidzi), 36% ndi anthu onse a Yoshkar-Ola.

Chidziwitso chapadera cha mzindawo ndi chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amwalira.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana

Pankhani ya fuko la mzindawo, liri ndi anthu 96 osiyana. Ambiri mwa anthu onse a ku Russia - 68%. Kenako mutsatire Mari - 24%. Malo achitatu akukhala ndi anthu a Chitata - 4.3%. Kuwonjezera pa chikhalidwe chachikulu cha dziko, mizinda ya Yoshkar-Ola imapangidwa ndi:

• Chuvashes;
• Ukrainians;
• Azerbaijan;
• Dziko;
• Uda;
• Achi Belarusians;
• Udmurts;
• Georgians;
• Ajeremani ndi ena ambiri.

Madera a Yoshkar-Ola

Poona kukula kwa dera la Yoshkar-Ola pamapu, mungathe kuona kuti m'zaka zonsezi, midzi 20 yomwe ili pafupi ndi madera ake akugwirizana ndi likulu la Mari El.

Mzinda wa mzindawu, kuphatikizapo a Yoshkar-Ola, umakhala ndi midzi: malo a Apshakbeliak, mudzi wa Semenovka, midzi ya Ignatyevo, Nolka, Danilovo, Savino, ndi Shoia-Kuznetsovo, mudzi wa Akshubino, mudzi wa Yakimovo, mumzinda wa Kelmakovo.

Malo otsatirawa akudziwika bwino m'midzi: Beryozovo, Alenkino, Bolshoi, Bolnichniy, Vostochny, Chigashevo, Dubki, Gomzovo, Star, Integral, Mashinostroitel, Leninsky, Molodyozhny, Mirny, Nagorny, Myshino, Nikitkino, Orshansky, Oktyabrsky, Pribrezhny, Predzavodskaya, Sverdlova , Remzavod, Soviet, North, Sports, Szombathely, Central.

Kugawanika kwa mzinda kudera kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000. M'zaka za m'ma 70, Yoshkar-Ola pamapu ndipo adagawidwa m'zigawo ziwiri: Zavodskoy ndi Leninsky, omwe anali ndi malo okhala, komanso madera akumidzi.

Chigawo cha fakitale mumzindawu chinaphatikizapo: komiti ya midzi ya Sidorovsky ya chigawo cha Medvedevsky, Kokshaisky (mudzi wa Kokshaysk ndi komiti ya m'mudzi wakumidzi wakumidzi, yomwe inawonongedwa).

Chigawo cha Leninsky chinali ndi Soviets m'midzi yambiri: Kuyarsky, Solnechny, Kundyshsky ndi Semenovsky.

Zochitika

Yoshkar-Ola adzakhala malo osangalatsa oyendera alendo. Mzinda muli zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa zomwe sizidziwika kwa anthu okhalamo, komanso kwa alendo.

"Yoshkin cat"

Chithunzi chojambula "Yoshkin cat". Chikoka ichi chachinyamata chinaonekera mumzinda wa 2011. Idzipereka kwa khalidwe lachikhalidwe cha Russian.

Chithunzichi chimayikidwa pa nyumba yaikulu ya Mari University. Zapangidwa mwa mawonekedwe a benchi yosungirako, komwe katsamba ka Yoshkin kakhala. Kuyika zokongoletsera zosangalatsa za mzindawu kunatsogoleredwa ndi mutu wa dzikoli.

Nkhono imatulutsidwa kuchokera ku mkuwa ndipo imakula makilogalamu 150. Olemba ake anali ojambula zithunzi za Yoshkar-Olinsky.

Kulumikizidwa kwa Bruges

Msewu wina wokongola kwambiri wa Yoshkar-Ola ndi Quay of Bruges. Ili pamalo okongola kwambiri a mumzindawu pamtunda wa mtsinje wa Kokshaga. "Mbali ya ku Belgium" imeneyi ikubwezeretsanso pogwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga ku Belgium. Chokongoletsera chenicheni chakumangirira chikugwirira nyumba m'misewu yonse ndi denga lamitundu, mazenera a makulidwe osiyana, mazenera ndi ziphuphu.

Kutsegulidwa kwa Quay ya Bruges kuchitika mu 2010.

Chinanso chowona?

Pa Quay ili ku Yohkar-Ola Registry Office, yomwe si malo okhawo okwatirana ndi anthu a mmudzimo, komanso malo okongola komanso mzinda wokongola, womangidwa mu chikhalidwe cha Gothic.

Kutsegula kwakukulu kwa Nyumba ya Chikwati kunachitika mu 2012.

Mosiyana ndi REGISTRY OFFICE, palinso kunyada kwina komweko - chikumbutso kwa Prince Rainier 3 ndi Grace Kelly. Zithunzi izi ndizokwatirana kwaukwati.

Mu likulu la Mari, pali nyumba yodabwitsa kwambiri yokhala ndi kupatuka ku mbali yachipembedzo - ola la "atumwi khumi ndi awiri". Amaonetsa osati nthawi ya Yoshkar-Ola, komanso machitidwe. Tsiku lirilonse, kuyambira 9 koloko mpaka 9 koloko masana, ndi maola atatu, kwa mphindi 8 panthawiyi masewera enieni amaseweredwa: zipata zomwe ziri pa turret zimatsegulidwa, ndipo kuchokera kwa iwo zikuwonekera mndandanda wa atumwi wotsogozedwa ndi Yesu. Mbali ya Yudasi imatseka, atanyamula thumba ndi osula siliva 30. Kukula kwa chithunzi chilichonse ndi 1.5 mamita, zimapangidwa ndi mkuwa.

Pakhomo lakale la Yoshkar-Ola palinso chikoka china-kasupe wa Peter ndi Fevronia.

Tsarevo-Koksha Kremlin ili pakatikati pa mzindawu. Si malo okondedwa a Yoshkar-Olintsev okha komanso oyendera alendo, komanso malo omwe amachitira zikondwerero amatha nthawi ya chikondwerero cha May 9, mawonetsero ndi masewera. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20 malo awa amatchedwa Market Square. Kuvuta kwa nyumba za Kremlin kumaphatikizapo: khoma lamatala lokhala ndi nsanja zinayi, kachisi ndi mkati mwa Kremlin.

Chimodzi mwa ziboliboli zatsopano za Yoshkar-Ola chinali kalata yamatabwa "Y".

Mu 2007, m'madera a mzindawu, kapena m'malo mwake, choyimira chokhacho chinayambira - Tower Tower, yomwe kutalika kwake ndi mamita 55. Chinthu choyamba chomwe chimakopa chidwi pakuyang'ana pa nsanja ndi kabuku kakang'ono ka Moscow Kremlin chimes.

Maseŵera a owonerera achinyamata. Chikhalidwe ichi, chokonzedwa kuti chiwonetsedwe chachinyamata, chinakhazikitsidwa mu 1991. Amakhala ndi zofalitsa zamagetsi m'zinenero ziŵiri: Russian ndi Mari.

Makampani a mzinda

Mafakitale a Yoshkar-Ola ndi mabungwe ogulitsa mafakitale, omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri ku Republic ndi dziko lonse. Zimakhudza makina, mafakitale a zakudya komanso kupanga zipangizo zamatabwa.

Kuchokera kwa ogulitsa ogwiritsa ntchito makina opangira makina amapangidwa magalimoto ndi zankhondo.

Kuwonjezera pa mabungwe akuluakulu, zomera zina zambiri zimagwira ntchito ku Yoshkar-Ola kuti apange zinthu zofunika:

1. Mankhwala omwe amapanga vitamini complexes.
2. Makampani ogulitsa chakudya. Yoshkar-Ola amapanga nyama ndi zamzitini.
3. Yoshkar-Ola factory candy. Ntchitoyi ikupezeka kuyambira 1944. Pakalipano, akupanga kupanga zoposa 60 zinthu zosiyanasiyana zokopa zakudya: mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mafuta, maswiti amitundu yonse, mkaka wa mkaka, mafuta onunkhira.
4. Zofesi zamakono "Elf". Kampaniyi ikugwira ntchito yopanga zitseko, zikhomo, zitsulo, matebulo, makabati komanso mipando yambiri.
5. Pump chomera OKTB "Crystal". Makampani ogulitsa mafakitale anakhazikitsidwa mu 1970.
6. Zokonzanso mafuta Mafuta a Mariysky. Chomeracho chinayamba mu 1998. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mafuta imapangidwa m'makoma ake.
7. Fakitale yamatchi (YOOOF). Zogulitsa za kampani ndi nsapato zosiyanasiyana.
8. Fakitale yopanga zowonjezera kupanga zipewa. Yakhala ikugwira ntchito kuyambira 2006 ndipo tsopano ikupanga pafupifupi 140 mitundu ya zipewa kwa mitundu yonse ya nzika.

Kutsiliza

Yoshkar-Ola sali kokha likulu la Republic of Mari El, koma malo ake enieni. Chimalingalira kwambiri za kayendetsedwe ka zachuma za Republican, zovuta zazikulu za zomangamanga zamakono komanso zamakono. Mzindawu uli wokondweretsa kwambiri kwa alendo oyenda ku Russia ndi akunja. Nthawi ya Yoshkar-Ola siidzatha pachabe.