Red Army kapitawo Alexander Pechersky: yonena. Aleksandra Pecherskogo ft: anagalukira pa Sobibor

Pafupifupi zosatheka kuti apulumuke ku msasa wa Nazi. Koma anthu awa anakulira ku Soviet Union, sikuti kupulumuka - iwo anapanga bungwe kugalukira, bungwe misa pothawira, kwawo kukana kunali kosatheka kuti aswe. Mmodzi ngwazi amenewa anali Alexander Pechersky - junior msilikali, ali pamodzi ndi Regiment chilengedwe pa chiyambi cha nkhondo, ndiyeno mu ukapolo. Pamene mdani anapeza kuti iye anali mkulu osati kokha, komanso Myuda, tsoka lake linali losindikizidwa.

Sobibor

Mbiri ya kupanduka kwa akaidi a msasa imfa, yomwe ili kum'mwera-kum'mawa Poland, ndi bwino kudziwika mu West. Soviet Union pambuyo nkhondo anaganiza kukhululukira Poland venality ndi chikhalidwe wonyenga wa mbali yaikulu ya anthu ake, koma chifukwa m'mavuto zinthu monga wapafupi anansi mosamala obisika. Alexander Pechersky sankadziwika mu dziko, ndi kugalukira pa akaidi Sobibor opanda kuganizira moona mtima, ndi kwakukulu kwathunthu. Ndipo mu Ulaya ndi Israel za pa msasa ndi kupanduka anajambula, alemba mabuku ambiri. Mtsogoleri wa opandukawo - Alexander Pechersky - kudziwika kunja ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ankaona kuti ngwazi kwambiri.

Kodi n'chiyani chinachititsa msasa Nazi imfa? N'chifukwa chiyani analenga? Iwo linatsegulidwa kumayambiriro 1942 ndi cholinga chokhacho - wathunthu ndi kumapeputsa chiwonongeko, ndiye kupululutsa wa Ayuda. Kuchita izi, panali pulogalamu yaikulu pamene sitepe ndi sitepe zonse ndondomeko lonse. Ndipo theka zaka za kukhalapo kwa msasa kumeneko, kupha oposa mazana awiri ndi makumi asanu Ayuda zikwi - nzika za Poland ndi maiko oyandikana European.

luso chiwonongeko

Monga m'misasa onse ndende ku Sobibor akaidi panali lophweka. Yopapatiza-n'zotsimikizira sitima cholowera nkhalango anakamba mabomba tsiku sitima lonse. Awa, anthu angapo kusankha wathanzi, ndi ena anatumizidwa "kwa kusamba", ndiye kuti chipinda cha gasi. Okondedwa "munthu wamkulu" mu maminiti khumi ndi asanu akanatha m'manda kuyenda mu maenje wapadera, amene yophika pa msasa. Awo "tsiku kusamba" sanali kutali kwambiri, chifukwa nkhani zachuma mu msasa adalemera kwambiri, ndiponso kudyetsa akaidi palibe amene akupita. "Wojintcha" mwamsanga anataya malo.

Njira imeneyi kupangidwa ndi a Nazi anali, ndipo iwo ankaona kwambiri yosafuna. Tinali pamsasa uliwonse, ndi anthu amene sanali akaidi. Kuwonjezera pa SS, kulondera Sobibor ndi othandiza, ndiko kuti, mitundu yonse ya oukira. Ambiri - Chiyukireniya Bandera. Ambiri a iwo ali oyenera nkhani osiyana kuti nthawi zonse anthu kumbukirani Kodi chidali bwanji icho chiri. Mwachitsanzo, chidwi tsogolo la odana ndi ngwazi, monga kuyenera munthu monga Alexander Pechersky.

Ivan Demjanjuk

Angamvetse izi ndani kuti lachitatu Zakachikwi komabe apitiriza mayesero, amene ogwirizana ndi Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo? mboni ochepa a nthawi imeneyo anapulumuka masiku ano.

Mlandu wa munthu Union, mkaidi a nkhondo, ndipo kenako - makamaka kukhetsa mwazi sadist ndi torturer, woyang'anira Sobibor, ngakhale patapita - nzika US Ivan (Yohane) Demjanjuk inatenga chaka chimodzi ndi theka ndipo anathetsa milandu ndi kupha a zikwizikwi kudzipha Sobibor. Demjanjuk m'ndende kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi anayi mphambu zisanu m'ndende chifukwa cha milandu izi.

zimene

Anabadwa subman Izi mu 1920 ku Ukraine. Chiyambireni cha Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako Demjanjuk wa dziko mu Red Army, ndipo mu 1942 anagonja. Mu m'ndendeyo analowa Nazi. Khalani anakumbukira msasa Treblinka, Majdanek, Flyusseborg. Employment mkangano - mbiri kudzadza. Koma ndi Sobibor ovutika ngati mmene zinachitikira ndi kupanduka ndi kupulumuka kwa akaidi, alonda salemekezedwa umabweretsa.

Inu mukhoza kulingalira, ndi digiri zimene nkhanza ndi zankhanza Demjanjuk ( "Ivan Grozny" kwa SS) anapanga lalifupi wa anthu amene anatha kupha. Komanso, pali umboni, koma mfundo ndi choopsa kwambiri kubereka apa. bwino kuthawa sanathe kukhala kunja kwa msasa imfa. Mu Sobibor ndipo iwo sanali, kufikira uko kunabwera Alexander Pechersky, asilikali wowerengeka ngwazi. Mobisa bungwe anali kale m'ndendemo, koma unali ndi anthu mwangwiro wamba, kupatula zambiri kufa mu chipinda mpweya. Anapulumutsa zinakonzedwa, koma dongosolo sizinayende angafike komaliza.

Msilikali ku Rostov pa-Don

Dzina lake Aleksandr Aronovich Pechersky, amene yonena ndi pafupifupi mapeto a moyo wake sankadziwika kuti anthu ambiri a dziko lakwawo, nayenso, anabadwa mu Ukraine, Kremenchug, mu 1909. Mu 1915, banja amalamulo, bambo ake, anasamukira ku Rostov pa-Don, amene moyo wake wonse Alexander anamva kwawo. Ndikaweruka kusukulu, muli ndi fakitale magetsi ndipo anapita ku yunivesite. Kutikonda kwambiri zisudzo ankachita masewera, ndi omvera akukonda kwambiri.

Pa tsiku loyamba la nkhondo mkulu chachiwiri Alexander Pechersky anali pa ulendo wake kutsogolo. positi A iye anali lotero chifukwa maphunziro yunivesite. Alexander anamenyana ndi Nazi pafupi Smolensk mu zida zankhondo Regiment wa 19 Army. Vyazma iwo atazunguliridwa, Pechersky ndi anzake, onyamula paphewa mkulu wovulalayo, kumenyana kugumula mzere kutsogolo, lomwe lakhazikitsidwa kale kwambiri. Tinayenda kutuluka mfuti. Asilikali ambiri anavulala kapena akudwala - osati mophweka mu ozizira kuyenda zithaphwi. gulu unazunguliridwa ndi disarmed ndi Anazi. Choncho anayamba wandende.

mu ukapolo

Red Army lankhosa kumadzulo - nakucimbiza kumsasa, ndipo, ndithudi, amene angathe kutumikira mu quarries yekha. Red Army kapitawo Alexander Pechersky mvera sanafune kuti afe, nawonso, ndipo chiyembekezo kuthawa konse kumanzere. A Myuda, iye sanali kunja zofanana, kotero Nazi pamene doznatsya (anadzudzula) za mtundu wake, nthawi yomweyo anatumiza naye imfa Sobibor. Pamodzi ndi Alexander mumsasa anadza amuna mazana asanu ndi limodzi.

A iwo kwakanthawi anachoka ku moyo makumi asanu ndi atatu okha, ena ola moyo unali utapita. Alexander anagwera mu gulu husky, ndipo kenako anapeza kuti iye ndi ukalipentala amadziwa, kotero musalekane wotopa ntchito lonse la Germany ndi m'misasa ya ukaidi. Choncho tinaganiza Nazi, koma msilikali Mapanga ku Sobibor. Musanyengedwe anali mlendo kwa msilikali, iye ankadziwa kuti ngati mulibe kumupha tsopano, kenako ndidzalizindikiritsa kuvomerezedwa. Ndipo kuchedwa kumeneku m'pofunika kuti kupereka Nazi nkhondo yotsiriza, kuti ft ake atsopano. Aleksandra Pecherskogo zovuta kwambiri kuti nkuphedwa.

dongosolo

Mobisa gulu anafotokoza kuti mphukira wosakwatiwa kungakhale kapena pano mu msasa wina uliwonse monga kwambiri waya waminga sadzasiya. Iye anaumirira chiwembu, imene kuthawa msasa ayenera kukhala basi pa chirichonse, chifukwa zina adzaphedwa mulimonse, koma pokhapokha wozunzikirapo ndi nkhanza. Munthu akhoza kungowauzira kuyang'ana nkhope ya Bandera, amene amapita mwa msasa ndi kupha munthu aliyense akufuna ndipo pamene iwo akufuna. Ndipo zikadali palibe munthu sakugonja ndi sakhala buzit. Anatsalira mumsasa pambuyo akuthawira adzakhala anazunzidwa koopsa.

Kumene, ambiri adzafa pa kupulumuka. Koma aliyense amene anathawa adzakhala ndi mwayi. Komiti mobisa ovomerezeka dongosolo limene wakhala akufuna. Kotero anali ndi udindo watsopano, chofunika kwambiri pa moyo wake, Alexander Pechersky - mtsogoleri wa Satana. Pafupifupi akaidi onse amene anali atauzidwa dongosolo la kuthawa, anavomereza njira imeneyi. Kufa nawobe, choncho ndi bwino kotero wofooka wosayankhula khamu nkhosa kuyenda m'chipinda mpweya. Akufa ulemu n'kofunika, ngati pali kuthekera amenewa.

tsenga mwangwiro Ayuda

chakuti msasa analipo osati ukalipentala, komanso kusoka. Amene bwino kuti athe kumanga telala Ayuda zabwino SS munthu atakhala yunifolomu wake? Telala wa sitima kudzipha zoponya mabomba komanso anagwira monga mitengo ndi osema miyala, ngakhale sanali "chachikulu munthu." Zosoŵa za tailors kwambiri German zinali zofunika kwambiri. Apa mu maphunzilowa kusoka ndi chirichonse anayamba. Bandera alonda, ndi njira, nawonso, kodi sanyoza misonkhano.

Ndipo October 14, 1943 zida Akhafamba msasa, mmodzi ndi mmodzi anayamba kunyengerera ndi koyenera, kumene ohazhival hatchet kapena zopotola ndi chingwe, ndipo kenako disarmed ndipo zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo mu m'chipinda chapansi a. Ntchito imeneyi akaidi anasankhidwa ndi zinachitikira masewera a karati. Chinthu chidwi kwambiri ndi Alexander Pechersky, ndi ngwazi za nkhani imeneyi, anali mu Sobibor, milungu itatu, koma kale anatha kulenga kumuwombera, ndi waluso molondola ndipo nthawi zonse kuchita. Amenewa anali chifuniro chake ndi mtima wofunitsitsa kuchita kupyolera.

kuthawa

Chamumtima, yosaoneka ndi maso mulendo unatha Germany khumi ndipo pafupifupi onse mfulu alonda olondera. ndiye yekha anaukitsa alamu, ndi zoponya mabomba Sobibor anakakamizika kupanga yojambula. Ichi chinali gawo lachiwiri la dongosolo, wasenza ndi Aleksandrom Pecherskim. Zida zikho akaidi anayamba kuwombera alonda otsala. Iye anagwira ntchito pa nsanja mfuti, ndipo iye panalibe njira. Anthu anathamangira. Iwo anadzipereka pa waya waminga, matupi awo amaika mumsewu njira comrades wake. Anaphedwa ndi bursts mfuti, zikuphulika mabomba mipikisanoyo msasa, koma sanaime.

Gates adakhala wothyoledwa, ndipo pano izo ziri - ufulu! Komabe, anthu zana limodzi ndi makumi atatu kuchokera pafupifupi mazana asanu anakhalabe mu msasa: emaciated ndi odwala, amene, ngati si lero, ndiye kuti mawa - m'chipinda mpweya. Panali anthu amene zoyembekezeredwa kudzichepetsa ndi kukoma mtima ndi a Nazi. Palibe! msasa unatha. Tsiku lotsatira, onse anawomberedwa, ndipo posakhalitsa Sobibor anawonongedwa. dziko lenilenilo angaimbidwenso ndi magalimoto okonzera ndi anabzala kabichi ake. Ngakhale palibe kukumbukira zimene zatsala padali pamaso. Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa chinali manyazi kwa Nazi Germany - akaidi emaciated anathawa, koma zabwino.

zotsatira

Ufulu unayamba zosakwana zoponya mabomba mazana atatu ndi pang'ono kuposa makumi asanu ndi atatu anapeza imfa ulemerero nthawi yopuma. Kenako, ndinali ndi kusankha kumene kupita, monga mbali zonse zinayi anali otseguka kwa othawa kwawo a. Kwa masabata awiri anapita kusaka. anthu zana ndi makumi asanu ndi awiri anabisa ndithu. Bandera anawapeza ndi kuphedwa. Pafupifupi kwambiri m'dera linali odana ndi Ayuda.

Pafupifupi nainte obisalira anazunzidwa ngakhale Bandera Chiyukireniya ndi Polish. Ndithudi, palibe amene anamugwira imfa ya msanga sali wakufa. Kwa mlandu mwina operekedwa ndi tsoka la kusankha. Kupha makamaka amene asankha kubisala Poland. mpumulo anapita Aleksandrom Pecherskim kudutsa Bug mu Belarus, komwe anapeza partisans ndipo anapulumuka.

adzabadwira

Pecherskiy dzina lake Aleksandr Aronovich kuti yomasula dziko lathu ku Nazi ankhondowo kumenyana monga Shchors olimbanawo wopambana yoponya mabomba, kenako anabwerera ku Red Army, nakomana mu May 1945 ndi udindo wa mkulu. Iye anavulazidwa, anam'chitira kuchipatala pafupi Moscow, kumene mkazi wake, Olga. Mphotho analibe, ngakhale njira, wodzala ndi mavuto ntchito. zaka ziwiri mu ukapolo - ndi, monga ulamuliro, ngakhale phokoso diso loipa. Komabe, Mendulo "Pakuti Service mu Nkhondo" iye anali. Ndipo mmalo mwa dongosolo la zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, imene inayamba.

The zifukwa Inde, n'zomveka. Kupanduka pa Sobibor osati akukokomeza womkanikizawo, chifukwa anali rekodi-mitundu, koma kuganizira za izi mu Soviet Union osavomerezeka - Mayiko taxied zonse, osati Ayuda. Mu Isiraeli Mapanga anakhala wopambana dziko, ndi mgwirizano wa pakati pa nthawi ya dziko lathu ndi dziko lolonjezedwa ndi wowawasa kwambiri. Ndipo palibe mmodzi pano sanafune kupanduka kuonanso mlingo boma, monga zachitika kumeneko. Ndipo, ndithudi, Poland. Olemekezeka onyada ayenera kuti takhumudwitsa, tinena dziko lonse kuti anali Zitsulo aphedwe akaidi amene chabe anakwanitsa kupeŵa, mu chipinda mpweya pa za minefields ... Soviet Union si kuwakhumudwitsa zokomera Poland, sanafune. Koma posapita nthawi chinsinsi onse Ndithu adzadziwika.

postscript

A ngwazi yadziko Alexander Pechersky Isiraeli anakhala mpaka January 1990 mu mbadwa zake Rostov pa-Don. Ndipo iye anali wokondwa. Mu 2007, pa khoma la nyumba imene iye ankakhala panali zolengeza. Mu 2015 umodzi mwa misewu ya Rostov pa-Don chikutchedwa ngwazi ya. Ndipo mu 2016 anali atamwalira kupereka dongosolo la kulimbika.