Richard Nixon - 37 Purezidenti wa United States of America. yonena

Mu mbiri yonse ya United States ndi chimodzi mwa atsogoleri awo mwaufulu anasiya malo ake oyambirira. Iwo anakhala Richard Nixon, amene anasiya ntchito mu 1974. Koma osati kuti zochita zake iye anayamba adalowa mbiri ya nthawi. Tinali unathandiza ndi zina mphindi kwambiri. Zabwino ndi zoipa.

Childhood ndi mutsogoleli unyamata

Richard Milhauz Nikson anabadwa pa January 9, 1913 muluwani Yorba Linda, mu dzuwa California. Makolo ake onse anali a anthu opembedza ndi Quakers anali ndiwofatsa moyo. Atate Niksona Frensis anali mtundu Scot wa Fuko Armstrong. dzina mayi Hana, ndipo anali muulamuliro wake, banja lonse ankakhala malamulo a Quakers.

Kuwonjezera Richard, dzina lake polemekeza Mfumu Richard ndi Lionheart, banjalo ana anayi. maina awo komanso anasunga chikumbukiro cha ufumu British. Mwatsoka, abale aŵiri sanali mwayi zokwanira kukhala bwino pamene akukula.

Nixon banja wochotseka. Makolo kuyesera munda, koma sizinatero wabwino. Ndiye anaganiza kusiya Yorba Linda ndi zosamukira ku mzinda wina Whittier California. Pali bambo anatsegula tochepa banja, wopangidwa mwa siteshoni ya mpweya ndi mayiko sitolo. Ana mwachangu kumuthandiza mu malonda. Grew wodzichepetsa, olimbika pa ntchito ndi wosasakaza.

The maphunziro bungwe loyamba, amene anafika ndi Richard, anakhala sekondale mu Furletone. Richard Nixon anali wolemekezeka ndi nzeru, kutchuka kwambiri, komanso matalente othamanga ndi nyimbo. Sukulu maphunziro chitatu pa ntchito wophunzira ndipo nthawi yomweyo anapita ku koleji. Harvard iye amapatsidwa, koma kuti mwana wake kulipira moyo mumzinda wina, banja analibe ndalama.

Ku koleji, mutsogoleli tsogolo la United States 37 anasonyeza kuti wophunzira wanzeru ndi monga bwinobwino anaphunzira ndiye pa University of Durham, kumene katswiri ntchito loya.

Chiyambi cha ntchito

Atamaliza maphunziro Nixon anali ndi zolinga odzitukumula kwa moyo wam'tsogolo. Iye ankafuna kusamukira ku Bureau of Investigation Federal, koma lingaliro ili chidafundidwa ndi "beseni mkuwa". Mnyamata sakanachitira mwina koma kubwerera ku California - mu Whittier kunyumba.

Apo iye anali ndi manja ake ndi mapazi ndi wamkulu malamulo kotheratu Winger ndi Beli, kumene kumene loya mu 1937 mpaka 1945, chaka chinkhoswe mu milandu yosiyanasiyana khalidwe amapeza.

Ndithudi, izi si za ntchito kuyamba kulota wamng'ono wofuna. Koma kenako anavomereza kuti ntchito za lamulo anamupatsa kwambiri. Ndi zothandiza kwambiri ndale. Komanso, Richard Nixon anakhala matrasti koleji wamng'ono, amene anamaliza. Panthawiyo iye anali 26 okha.

Activities pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World

Pamene ku Ulaya, World Chachiwiri, amene analowa ndi United States, pulezidenti tsogolo ankakhala ndi banja lake Washington, DC ndi ntchito pa kayendetsedwe likulu la lamulo mtengo. Monga Quaker, iye anamasulidwa wawo usilikali, koma pambuyo kuukira Japanese pa Pearl Harbor sakanakhoza kukhala kunyumba. Pakati pawo logwirizana la anatengera US asilikali ake apanyanja. Kuchokera mu 1942 mpaka 1946, Nixon poyamba anali mkulu wa kotunga kumwera kwa Pacific Ocean. Iye anabwerera kunyumba bwinobwino ndi udindo wa mkulu wa mkulu.

Chiyambi cha zandale

Pambuyo kutengerapo ku malo a Richard Nixon, amene yonena wakhala mosayembekezera mawu zochitika usilikali, ndinaganiza ukasintha kusintha miyoyo yawo. Mu izi zinamuthandiza Republicans bwino. Poganizira Nixon wofuna, waluso ndi zingamuthandize chithunzi, iwo anamufunsa kuika patsogolo nsanja za ndale monga wosankhika mavoti pachisankho chotsatila ku Nyumba US wa oimira.

pempholo anali mosanyinyirika ndi Nixon anapambana chisankho. zaka 2 kenako mu 1948, iye kachiwiri Kusankhanso kwa Congress, ndi 50 tili anabwera Senate ku dziko la California.

Pa chiyambi cha ntchito zake zandale, Richard Nixon anasandukadi yogwira odana ndi chikominisi, bwinobwino ankaimba motere pa biases omwe adzaponye chisanko ziwalo. Tionenso nawo chitukuko cha chikonzero Marshall.

Ndi kugwa

Mu 1952 Nixon akhadikhira ntchito yaikulu anavula. Purezidenti wa United States anakhala Republican General Duayt Eyzenhauer ndi wotsatila mutsogoleli wadziko - wolowa olemekezeka Scotland, dzina lake pambuyo lodziwika bwino English mfumu.

Pantchito imeneyi, Richard Nixon kupita kukacheza mayiko 56 a dziko ndi kwenikweni United States "kuti mukulephera kusintha." mphamvu zake pa mfundo pagulu anali zoopsa. Popeza Eisenhower ankakonda odwala ndi malonda, wachiwiri wake anakhala de A facto aakulu.

Wotsatila mutsogoleli wadziko la America , Nixon zaka 8 - mochuluka monga mutu wa boma Eisenhower, amene 56 anali mpando ndi mavoti kwa akuti chachiwiri.

Ndipo pamapeto pa ofesi "bwana" wa protege ake okhulupirika iye anayesera kuti atenge mpando wa Pulezidenti ndi kutenga mbali mu masankho mu 1960. Koma iye anataya mtundu Yohane Kennedy.

zaka chomwecho loti kulephera iŵiri, iye anathamanga kuti chisankho cha kazembe wa California. Pambuyo pake, Nixon anaganiza kupuma pa ndale ndi kukonzanso kuchita jurisprudence. Ndipo masamba. Ngakhale kuti yaitali ...

Pulezidenti US Richard Nixon: yaitali ankamuyembekezera positi

Mu theka lachiwiri la 60s ndi mmene nkhani zandale m'dziko ndi "m'khutu" kupita kumbuyo kwa Nixon. Republicans ali wamphamvu komanso okonzeka nkhondo. Kachiwiri wakuti kunyumba chipani, kale wotsatila mutsogoleli wadziko anayesa chachiwiri kuchotsa mutu manambala oyambirira "khalidwe lonyansa." Ndipo zinatheka!

Mu chisankho cha 1968 ndi Democrats mu nkhope Hyubertona Humph Republicans anataya. kusiyana chatha anali ochepa, koma zinali zokwanira Richard Nixon kukhala munthu woyamba wa dziko.

Ndithudi, iye anaika kwambiri khama zimenezi ndipo ntchito kwambiri kupezerapo. Mmodzi wa bwino kwambiri njira anyamata ndi adzaponye chisanko mu ndiwofatsa South ndi West, mwamwambo voti kwa Democrats.

Mu 1972, Nixon anali mpando ndi mavoti kwa akuti chachiwiri. Amene Komabe, kutumikira mapeto analibe mwayi.

mfundo zoweta

37 pulezidenti US anayamba kulamulira pamene dziko anali "ukagwira" chuma cha chuma, zomwe zinachititsa kuti kufufuma mkulu. Kukhala odziletsa ndiwofatsa, Nixon unachitikira angapo kusintha kuti anathandiza kukweza njira thupi.

Mwachitsanzo, monetization yakhala ikuchitidwa motsogozedwa wake. Nixon akadali zikuchepa yafupika ubwino chikhalidwe, woyikidwa ulamuliro pa kukula kwa malipiro, kwambiri centralized wamkulu mphamvu mu dziko. Onse abwino kusiya kufufuma, koma kumapeto kwa akuti lachiwiri la katundu m'dziko anayamba kachiwiri.

Kumene, chotero kanthu lolimba amatchedwa Zionetsero lokhala wosasangalala anthu. Kodi mtengo yekha kuchepetsa ang'onoang'ono alimi .... Mwina limafotokoza kuukira Richarda Niksona, amene ali okonzeka mu 1974 wina Samuel Beek.

Bick ntchito ngati wamalonda ndipo anali unlucky mu ntchito yake. Vuto kubera mphamvu, ndipo tsiku lina anaganiza kubwezera. Iye anakonza zolanda ndege kuti osaitanidwa mu White House kupha yekha ndi pamwamba lonse la US - kuphatikizapo pulezidenti, kumene monga kunapezeka, ndi wamalonda zinalephereka akhafuna kupha zaka zingapo. Mwamwayi, wopalamulayo anaimitsidwa pa nthawi ndi pakokha akanakhoza kuchita zoyipa aliyense.

The mfundo yachilendo ya Richarda Niksona

Pankhani mfundo yachilendo, izo ankatsogoleredwa ndi Nixon, poyamba pa zonse, limodzi la malonjezo ake yapadera yomwe anachepetsedwa nkhondo US ku Vietnam ndipo mapeto a "mtendere ndi ulemu."

Pakuti kukwaniritsidwa kwa lonjezo pulezidenti wa ngakhale kuti anatengera chiphunzitso, wodziwika mu mbiri monga "Nixon Chiphunzitso". Malinga ndi izo, United States kuchotsedwa okhudzidwa mwachindunji polimbana ndi ankhanza chikominisi mu Asia. Panthawiyi dziko silichotsera yokha zimaonetsa dziko muweruzi, koma ananena kuti atumize asilikali awo kutsogolo sidzakhalaponso. Ndipo amathandiza m'njira zina. Ogwirizana anali analimbikitsa akupitirizabe kudalira kwambiri paokha.

Komabe, Nixon akadali asilikali anafika ku dziko lina. Iye mu 1970 anakhala Cambodia. Ndi pankhani ya kugonana ndi Soviet Union, iwo kutenthetsa penapake mu nthawi ino. Pulezidenti Richard Nixon anapita Soviet Union palokha ndipo khamu kuti Leonid Brezhnev, limene zidzachitika zosangalatsa kwambiri, pafupifupi wochezeka kukambirana.

Watergate chibwenzi ndi yosiya

1972 chaka chisankho anayamba Nixon nthawi yomweyo chigonjetso chachikulu, ndi chimodzimodzi titangomva kugonja. Iye molimba awakwapule Democrat George McGovern ndipo analandira "tikiti" chifukwa mawu chachiwiri. Koma pamapeto zonse kunapezeka manyazi kwambiri.

Atangobadwa zotsatira za kukavota womkanikizawo zinawukhira zokhudza kuswa ofesi ya Democrats, ili mu hotelo "Watergate" wozonda ndi zipangizo mobisa zimene ankaphunzira. Umunthu makamu "nsikidzi" anapezeka ndi "makutu" mwachionekere "kukula" ku likulu la adani - kutanthauza Republican.

kuphatikizidwa Personal yochititsa manyazi, pulezidenti Nixon anakana mpaka posachedwapa. Koma kenako opanikizika kwa anthu, umboni wa mfundo ndipo anakakamizika pang'ono kuzindikira izo.

US Senate ndi Nyumba ya oimira ndi ndondomeko iyenera kukonzedwa unayambitsidwa. Pamaso anafika kumapeto, pulezidenti manyazi anaganiza tachokamo yekha. Pa pantchito, anauza anthu American August 9, 1974. Zimenezi mbiri US zinachitika kwa nthawi yoyamba.

Potsatira yosiya ntchito ya

Enawo Atalowa pansi Pulezidenti Nixon moyo zoyenera kulemba. Awa anali Maulendo amene anayesa kuthandiza yekha, komanso ntchito pa geopolitics.

Ngakhale 38 Pulezidenti US Gerald Ford anapulumutsa ndi kumukonzanso Nixon kale mwezi pambuyo yosiya wa otsiriza, mthunzi pa mbali yaikulu milandu Watergate anagona mpaka imfa yake. Ndale anasankhidwa ndi khomo, ndi miyambo ya lamulo yokhala zoletsedwa. Poyamba, banjali Nixon anatsogolera chete ndi inconspicuous moyo mu California chuma chake, ndipo mu 1980 anasamukira ku New York kuti muyandikire kwa ana ndi adzukulu.

Personal moyo Nixon

Richard Nixon anali iye yekha ukwati. mkazi wake - mphunzitsi Thelma Pat Ryan - iye ndi wautali ndiponso momvetsa anafuna. Kulalikira chibwenzi kwakhululukidwa, ndipo mu 1940 msonkhano ukwati. Mkazi anabereka ana awiri.

Pat anali munthu wodzipereka. Pa mtengo wa thanzi lake, anakoka Nixon mwa phompho wa misala imene iye anagwa pambuyo milandu ndi yosiya ntchito. Vyhazhivaya wokondedwa mwamuna, atakhala pa iye usana ndi usiku, Pat yapindula chifukwa cha ziwalo za kumanzere kwa thupi. Iye anamwalira mu 1993, chaka cha khansa ya m'mapapo. Ndipo mwamuna wake anapita ku dziko lina ndendende 11 miyezi - April 22, 1994.

Mwatsoka, Richard Nixon, amene mfundo mkati komanso akunja ndi tothandiza kwambiri, koma alephera kuthandiza yekha pamaso pa anthu a ku America. Komanso, iye aponyere mthunzi pa kwambiri bungwe la pulezidenti ndi chidaliro mu kudalirika kwa mayiko waukulu American nawo. Koma ngati M'kupita kwa nthawi, ena mibadwo m'malo mwa ena, ndipo pang'onopang'ono kuiwalika.