Rybinsk Museum Reserve - kukopa kwa mzinda

Pa makilomita 370 kuchokera Moscow ndi 80 kuchokera ku mzinda wa Rybinsk wa Yaroslavl ili, lomwe ndi likulu la dera Rybinsk. Ndi ili mu malo kwabasi pa confluence wa Volga mtsinje, yamatcheri ndi Sheksna. Kupatula izi, mudzi, ndi anawoloka angapo mitsinje yaing'ono ndi mitsinje.

Zodabwitsa Russian mzinda ili mu mfundo kumpoto wa Volga kuti Rybinsk mtsinje waukulu amanyamula madzi ake kuti kumpoto, ndi Rybinsk akutembenukira kwa kum'mwera chakum'mawa. Mzindawu uli pa magombe awiri, koma gawo lalikulu ili m'mphepete bwino.

zokopa Rybinsk

Mu mzinda pali zambiri misewu ya zomangamanga (XVIII -. XX c) amene ali chidwi mwa anthu olemba mbiri ndi ofufuza, ndipo nthawizonse kuyendera alendo. The lonse pakati mbiri wamangidwa kwa zaka za m'ma XIX Koma ambiri a nyumbayo ankamangidwanso kangapo. Ulemerero waukulu mumzinda ndi nyumba mapira Kusinthanitsa. Nyumbazi zimamangidwa pa magombe a Volga.

Old Stock Kusinthanitsa mu kalembedwe chakale, yatsopano inamangidwa 1912. nyumbayi umapangidwa zoyerekeza-Russian kalembedwe. Mlembi wa polojekiti anali A. V. Ivanov. Kunja kwa nyumbayo zazikulu ali ndi apansi tiled. Iye waima pa yaikulu mwala plinth, kukuchitika pa magombe a Volga. Tsopano apa ndi kukopa waukulu mumzinda - Rybinsk zakale-mapulani ndi Art Museum-Reserve.

The Kusinthanitsa Building, Cathedral, mlatho kudutsa Volga aphatikizidwa mu gulu loyimba wosakwatiwa, omwe anakhala chizindikiro cha mzinda. Rybinsk Museum-Reserve ndi yaikulu komanso anapita ku Caucasus. Iwo ali kusonkhanitsa chuma cha zakale za chikhalidwe ndi mbiri yakale.

Rybinsk Museum-Reserve: History

Mu October 1910 mu Rybinsk anatsegula m'nyumbayi woyamba wa mbiri zachilengedwe, womwe unakhazikitsidwa mu malonda School nyumbayi. Ganizo Museum anapanga anzeru m'deralo, amene ophatikizidwa mu Dipatimenti ya Yaroslavl Historical Society. Pamafunikanso A.A.Mihaylov, N.N.Rozov, B.G.Verdi, L.A.Albitsky ndi mafanizo ena otchuka a mumzindawo.

Kale mu 1913, panali m'madipatimenti asanu mu nyumbayi:

• nthaka;
• mineralogy;
• botanical;
• zinyama;
• anthropological.

Kutolere pa nthawi imeneyi pali zikwi zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho chidwi. Pa njira imene D.A.Ushakova, mothandizidwa A.A.Zolotarev, A.V.Burov, L.A.Albitskim ndi ena, ndi thandizo la boma mzinda, mu December 1919, Museum Kunsthistorisches anakhazikitsidwa mu Rybinsk. Likulu la chopereka ake zakale zinaperekedwa ndi tili Nyumbayi mfulu. Patapita nthawi, ndi kufotokoza anali wodzilemekeza ndi chimaposa cha zosemasema ku zinthu zakale ndi tambirimbiri luso Moscow ndi Petrograd.

Woyamba akatswiri weniweni zakale mu Rybinsk owonetsera zakale anakhala E.V.Sosnina, amene anadza kwa nyumbayi pambuyo pa mndandanda wa luso ndi ntchito zamanja, yomwe inalandidwa achibale ake Rybinsk Cheka.

Museum mu 30s ndi

The mmasate ya atumwi otsiriza anayamba kumanga Unyinji wa ndodo zakale, amene anali kunenedwa mfundo reactionary. Kuyambira mu 1935, chitukuko chinali chikhalidwe dipatimenti, mutu umene unali wolemba, wojambula G.Lesovik. Pa nthawi yomweyo, m'nyumbayi analandira mazana zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho ku inasokonekera zakale yaing'ono (Poshehonsky, Mologa, etc.).

Pa chiyambi cha Great kukonda dziko lako zochita nkhondo Museum zinaimitsidwa, ndi zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho onse odzaza ndi kukonzekera kuthawa. Komabe, mu May 1942, m'nyumbayi kachiwiri anakumana osetiteley ena m'madipatimenti.

Museum pambuyo WWII

Kuyambira cha m'ma makumi asanu owonetsera zakale anali kumaliza zosonkhanitsira wake wa ntchito za amisiri chi Soviet komanso akunja. nthawi umboni ukuyanga cha zovuta ndi. Mu February 1959 analandira udindo wa ode kuti luso-mbiri owonetsera zakale. Kuwonjezera kulenga chionetsero, amene amasimba za moyo wa dera, akatswiri owonetsera zakale ayamba kubwezeretsa kale zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho. Apa analenga Rybinsk Museum-Reserve. Chionetsero cha wowerengeka luso, galasi ndi dongo zithunzi anayamba kugwira ntchito momaliziratu.

Kuyambira mu 1970 kufika mu 1980, pamene m'nyumbayi anatsogolera I.B.Rabinovich (kapitawo), tcheru kwambiri kuti ntchito asilikali kukonda dziko. Panthawi imeneyi, zakulitsa zisudzo. mwambo zikuphatikizapo gulu komanso yoonetsa Rybinsk amisiri, achinyamata ojambula zithunzi m'deralo. Nawonso zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho mumzinda uwu Volga anayamba kuoneka kawirikawiri zisudzo m'mamyuziyamu likulu a.

Mu January 1989, m'nyumbayi analandira udindo wake panopa. Mu 1992, oyang'anira mzinda watenga kusankha zofunika kwambiri. Rybinsk Museum-Reserve anali Chatsopano mapira Kusinthanitsa nyumbayi.

Kufotokozera za nyumbayi

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa nyumba zokongola kwambiri mu mzindawo. Iwo ili pa magombe a Volga. Chimanga Kusinthanitsa - mbiri yakale ndi mapulani chipilala cha mzinda. nyumbayi inamangidwa m'chaka cha 1912 ndi Moscow wamanga Alexander Ivanov. Asanaganize ndi zisa openwork denga, pamakoma, alimbane ndi matailosi ndi Khoma matailosi - uyu ulemerero onse amatikumbutsa Komiti ya zilembo nthano Komabe, anamanga ntchito zamakono pa nthawi imeneyo.

Lero, mu mbali yaikulu ya nthawi Wamaliza: stucco kudenga, wosakhwima banisters zidachitidwa zitsulo, etc. nyumbayi inamangidwa wa njerwa ndi alimbane ndi matailosi German. Ulemerero wa nyumbayi wokongola lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito matailosi oposa mazana awiri achikuda. Iwo akamachita mphungu mitu iwiri, zitsamba ndi maluwa. maziko ali mwala miyala ndipo kumizidwa ndi mamita anayi. Izi zachitika kuonetsetsa kuti pomanga lidakalipobe madzi osefukira masika.

Mapira Kusinthanitsa nyumba m'zaka za m'ma XIX, ophatikizidwa mphamvu, mphamvu komanso chuma cha Rybinsk amalonda. Nyumba iyi anasonkhana amalonda ndi industrialists ku Russia. M'zaka za m'ma XX, nyumbayi anatumikira monga m'chipatala cha asilikali ndi likulu usilikali, ndipo achipatalawo mzinda bola Sizinapatsidwe kwa nyumbayi. Ndiye izo mu nthawi yaifupi anali n'kukhala Museum, ndi yozizira ya 1993 anapanga anapeza wake.

pofuna

M'chaka cha 1995 Rybinsk Museum-Reserve (Rybinsk) anawonjezera wina dipatimenti - mbiri owonetsera zakale Mologa dera, yomwe inali mu nyumba yopemphereramo wakale wa agulupa ya mkazi Athanasia. Apa, zipangizo mbiri ya mayiko amenewa asonkhanitsa pakati pa zaka mazana makumi awiri akhala chosakanikirana ndi madzi a ku Rybinsk posungira.

Mbali ya m'nyumbayi zovuta lili Arcade zakudya kukhuthala, omwe tsopano anatseka kwa kukonza. Nyumba imeneyi ndi mu mawonekedwe a lalikulu ndi tichipeza masitolo awiri-storey (zaka za m'ma XVIII). Isanafike chiyambi cha m'ma otsiriza pansi pake pali Arcade lotseguka. Tsopano iwo ali ikhalenso pa kubwezeretsedwa kwa nyumbayi.

Museum-Reserve lero

Rybinsk State Museum-Reserve lero ali zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho oposa zana limodzi zikwi makumi awiri. Lero, exposures khumi akugwira ntchito nthawi zonse. Zikuphatikizapo chionetsero wodzipereka kwa mbiri ya m'nyumbayi ndi mzinda, komanso chikhalidwe kwabasi derali, zokumbidwa pansi, zinthu kukongoletsa ndi zojambulidwa bwino.

Rybinsk Museum-Reserve ali ndi kusonkhanitsa kwambiri zinthu Western luso European. Nawa zojambula wotchuka wa ku Italy, German, Dutch, British ndi French amisiri wa XVI-XIX zaka zambiri, komanso ziboliboli a XVIII - XIX zaka, ntchito ndi mapulani wotchuka.

The chidwi kwambiri alendo ndi mndandanda wa luso ntchito Europe. Imafotokoza akale majolica (Italy), faience (Delft ndi Wedgwood), wotchuka kwambiri mankhwala a Western European manufactories zadothi XVIII-XIX zaka zambiri, Oriental ziwiya zadothi ndi kukongoletsa galasi (Bohemia ndi Silesia).

The kulongosola luso national

Today amasamalirira kwambiri mndandanda wa Russian luso Rybinsk Museum-Reserve (Rybinsk). Buku koposa cha Orthodox chikhalidwe zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho Zidzakhala zosangalatsa zambiri - (. XVI-XVII m'ma) mafano, zipsera, enamel, chosema zinthu matabwa, akale mbale mkuwa (XI cent.). Chigawo chino akupereka ntchito F. Rokotoff ndi Ivan Shishkin, Vereshchagin ndi Repin, Benois ndi N. Roerich.

Komanso, apa mungathe kuona zosonkhanitsira chodabwitsa kukongoletsa zadothi ndi mafakitale galasi Russian

m'mbiri yakale

Kusanthula mbiri yakale komanso ofukula zinthu zakale chionetsero, alendo timudziwe bwino chikhalidwe cha chisanadze Mongol anthu okhala malo amenewa. Nazi zinthu tsiku ndi tsiku, zikalata akale. chidwi kwambiri zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho zopereka kuti anadzipereka kwa nyama ndi zomera - a mafupa a yaikuluyi ndi mbiri isanayambe njati ndi wamaonekedwe a nkhope yaubweya rhinoceros.

mfundo zosangalatsa

Mu 1967, pamene kuwombera wa wotchuka filimu "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" ndi S. Bondarchuk mipando ndi Chalk anapereka Rybinsk Museum-Reserve.

Mu filimu "mipando 12" by L. Gaidai (1971) yobetcherana powonekera anawomberedwa mu nyumba mapira Kusinthanitsa (nyumba yaikulu ya m'nyumbayi-malo lero).

Mu filimu "Boomer" (2006) kuwathamangitsa powonekera Dashki Zankhanza, anajambula mu Rybinsk. Izi zinachitika pa malo Volga embankment, Limited owonetsera zakale zovuta nyumba.

Rybinsk Museum-Reserve: bwanji kuti kumeneko?

Rybinsk - osati ndi tauni achisangalalo. Nthawi zambiri anthu kuno pa zochitika bizinesi komanso umunthu. Ngati inu kuchitika kukhala mu malo awa, onetsetsani kuti pitani Rybinsk Museum-Reserve. Vutolo nthawi - Volga embankment, 2. St. Ukhtomsky, 45 ndi Nyumba Museum Ukhtomskogo ndi Chiwalitsiro Lane 6a ndi Museum wa dera Mologa.

Kuchokera kumalo okwerera sitima kuti m'nyumbayi zovuta inu dovezut basi chiwerengero 5, nambala 107, nambala 108, nambala 109, nambala 114. The trolleybus nambala 3 ndi nambala 5, komanso 5T takisi chiwerengero. Muyenera kuchoka pa "Cathedral Square".