Stendhal: yonena ndi ntchito. chidwi mfundo

Tikupereka kuti ayanjane ndi moyo ndi ntchito ya wolemba kwambiri. zolengedwa awo anasaina "Stendhal". The yonena za wolemba, ngati ntchito yake, ambiri amachita chidwi ndi lero. Komabe, sikuti aliyense amadziwa kuti dzina lake lenileni Marie Anri Beyl. Wolemba anayesa zina kulanda udindo wa otchuka, nthawi zambiri kusainira monga "Anri De Beyle." Mwina ndikanachita kotero, ndi Zhyulen Sorel, wotchuka ngwazi za buku lake.

Origin Stendhal

Olimba bourgeois banja anabwera Stendhal, amene yonena umaonekera ntchito zimene analenga. Mu Grenoble, mu ofesi malamulo, bambo wake ankagwira. Mu 1783 iye anabadwa wolemba m'tsogolo. mayi ake anamwalira zaka 7 ina, kusiya maphunziro a bambo ndi azakhali Seraphic mwana wake. Stendhal anamuda onse. Bambo ake anali hypochondriac, waukali ndiponso unsympathetic munthu. Stendhal ngongole maphunziro ake oyambirira ansembe. Ichi chinali chifukwa chachikulu chotsutsa-clericalism wake. Mu kulimbana ndi atsogoleri bambo ndi wauzimu wake anapanga khalidwe la wolemba.

Khalidwe ndi umunthu Stendhal

narcissistic kwambiri, mopupuluma, zowopsya, kunenana ndi wopanda khalidwe phindu Stendhal. yonena wake si chidwi zochitika mu moyo wanu, komanso dziko lamkati la wolemba. Anthu amene ankamudziwa bwino, anthu ananena kuti iye anali mobisa, amakonda kukhala payekha ndi zachinsinsi. Stendhal anali ndi moyo wochepa thupi ndi osatetezeka. Udani wa nkhanza anali chimodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu za khalidwe lake. Mu Stendahl izi sankakhulupirira kayendedwe kumasulidwa. Iye chifundo ndi Carbonari ndipo ngakhale anawathandiza, koma sanakhulupirire kuti ntchito yawo adzatsogolera zotsatira zabwino. Panalibe mgwirizano pakati Anthuwa khala: ena akuyesetsa Republic, wina akufuna kuona ufumu pa dziko.

Maphunziro pa Sukulu Central ndi nthawi imene ku Paris

Agogo ake akuchikazi, dokotala ndi ntchito analimbikitsa zowawa zake mabuku. Iye anali munthu wabwino luso kukoma. Pamene Stendhal zaka 13, anatumizidwa kuphunzira pa Sukulu Central, omwe anali mu Grenoble. Apa ndi osiyana kwambiri masamu. Iye linaloseranso maphunziro pa Paris Ecole Polytechnique injiniya. Mu 1799, Stendhal anafika, tsiku pambuyo kulanda boma, ndipo kenako Napoleon anakhala wolamulira wa France. Bayle, kuiwala za cholinga cha kupeza ntchito ya zomangamanga, anathamangira chamutu ulendo lachifumu, wakhala anagwira dziko. Daru, anali wachibale wa wolemba m'tsogolo, amene anadzakhala Mlembi wa State, anali mu mtima yapamwamba ndi Napoleon. Iye wapanga Stendhal ofesi mpingo, amene adatenga pa likulu la asilikali. Komabe, ntchito kwambiri wosangalatsa kwa iye. Young Henry, yemwe ndinangowasiya zaka 17, chaka chamawa kulandira chidziwitso subleytenanta. Iye anatumidwa kwa Italy. Pa nthawiyo, anaikidwa asilikali French.

Moyo mu Italy

Beyle ankadziwa kanthu za dziko lino, omwe anakhala kunyumba yake yachiwiri kenako, komanso zochitika za munthu yotchuka kwambiri ndi lalikulu kwambiri mabuku ake. Boy anamusilira onse apa: Correggio kupenta, nyimbo Cimarosa, Chitaliyana opera. Chitaliyana makhalidwe, iye anapeza wokongola. Iye ankawoneka kuti iye wofunitsitsa, mokhudza, ndi zochepa yotukuka kuposa French. Italy, makamaka Milan ndi Rome, anakonda ndi Bailey, iye ankafuna zokhala mawu awa tombstone wake: ". Enrico Beyle, Milanese" Beyle chibwenzi ndi akazi a. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo moyo m'maganizo wakhala Nkhani makamaka amorous Zopatsa.

utumiki wothandiza

zaka zotsatira anali olimbikira. Stendhal, mbiri ndi zinthu zomwe zikutikhudza, mu 1806 anayambanso utumiki, kutenga malo oyang'anira mu wotanganidwa French Brunswick. Apa iye anayamba kuphunzira German. Stendhal bwino analandira anthu abwino. Kulemekeza anthu amene ayandikana naye, zinkandisangalatsa, koma iye anaphonya dongosolo. Beyle kenako ankayenda mu Austria ndi Germany. Iye anatumidwa kwa Vienna ndi ntchito m'boma. Iye anapita ku Russia pambuyo mfumu. Mu Russia Bayle umboni Borodino ndi Nkhondo ya Smolensk. Anakapezeka moto mu Moscow. Kenako anabwerera ku Ulaya, pamodzi ndi asilikali a ku France. ufumu Napoleon ndi anakomoka, ndi Bayle kumanzere France pamene Paris anagwa. Iye anazindikira kuti inatha ntchito yake mu mabwalo boma.

Tikaonanso ntchito mabuku

boma tsopano akuthamanga ndi Bourbons. Beyle anabwerera ku ntchito zolembalemba. Kuyambira pamenepo, anali kudziŵika kuti Frederick Stendhal. Mwachidule yonena za msinkhu wake amalembedwa ndi chilengedwe cha ntchito zambiri. Zinalembedwa 1820s, ndi ntchito zake zinali zosiyanasiyana ndithu. Mwa iwo anali biographies wa Oimba kwambiri (mu 1817 - Buku la "The Life of Haydn, Mozart ndi Metastasio", mu 1824 - "The Life of Rossini"); ndi lonena za 1812 "Chikondi"; ndi "History of Painting mu Italy", wolembedwa mu 1817; ndi "Kuyenda mu Rome" mu 1829.

Komanso Magazini mu London ndi Paris nkhani zosiyanasiyana. Izi ndi abridged yonena Stendhal zaka izi. Kuntchito wosamvetseka ankadalira moyo wake mu France, England ndi Italy.

Translation mu Civitavecchia

Mpando wachifumu mu 1830, inamangidwa Lui Filipp, mfumu bourgeois. Tsopano pamaso Stendhal kunakhala kotheka kachiwiri kuchita utumiki wothandiza anthu. Kenako mu 1830, anakhala kazembe mu Trieste. Apa akuluakulu Austria sindimakonda zinali mbiri yake kwakukulu. Stendhal anasamutsidwa kuti papa States mu Civitavecchia. Iye anafotokoza za malipilo zambiri wodzichepetsa kuposa kale. Koma apa anali kuponya mwala kuchokera ankakonda Roma.

Komanso kuwonongeka kwa thanzi ndi moyo wa Stendhal

Mwachidule, tinakambirana za chifukwa Stendhal anali zikhazikike consulship, pokhala kutali na kunyumba kwao. Anakhalabe pamalo mpaka imfa yake, ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri anakhala kutali kwa nthawi yaitali chifukwa chodwala. Chifukwa cha iye, zambiri kutenga tchuthi ndi kubwerera kumudzi. Mmodzi wa iwo anaigwira kwa zaka zitatu (kuchokera 1836 mpaka 1839). Kovuta anali zaka zomalizira za moyo wa wolemba. Ngakhale unyamata wake anali kudwala chindoko. matendawa anapanga lokha anamva kufooka ndi kulephera kugwira ntchito kwathunthu.

Kunena "Red ndi Black" ndi "Red ndi White"

buku "The Red ndi Black" wakhala analengedwa mu chaka chatha cha ulamuliro wa Charles X. Mu 1831, pa nthawi ya buku lino, kale zimasintha, osachepera mu ulemu wa Bourbons kutsutsa. Koma Stendhal dzina lero amagwirizana kwenikweni ndi buku limeneli. Iwo unalengedwa yochokera ku zochitika zenizeni mu 1830. Zolembalemba yaitali funso chake wolemba anapereka dzina ili ntchito yake. Onse a mitundu awa akutikumbutsa za imfa, kuphana ndi matsoka. A kuphatikiza kalasi wakuda ndi unakambidwanso mogwirizana ndi bokosi upholstery. Pa mapeto zomvetsa chisoni akukhazikitsa owerenga dzina la mankhwala.

zaka 5 pambuyo polenga Stendahl izi analemba buku "Red ndi White". Sichangozi kufanana kwa mayina a ntchito ziwiri. Komanso, zili ndi mutu wa buku latsopano kufotokoza kumlingo mutu wapitawo. Ambiri mwina, wolemba wakuda anatanthauza osati imfa, ndi otsika kubadwa Julien Sorel, ndi protagonist. White ananenanso osankhika, woimira amene anali protagonist wa buku 2, Lyusen Leven. A wofiira - chizindikiro chochenjeza nthawi imene anali kukhala, anthu awiriwa.

ntchito watsopano

Stendhal kwa zaka khumi zotsatira walenga ntchito awiri autobiographical: mu 1832 - "Maulendo a egoist ndi," mu 1835-36 - "The Life of Henri Brulard" mu 1834-35 biennium. - buku "Lyusen Leven" anakhalabe yosatha. Posafuna pachiswe kachiwiri positi consular, atonga kufalitsa ntchito zake pa moyo wake. Mu 1839, mwalusocho chachiwiri Stendhal linaperekedwa (pambuyo "Red ndi Black") - "Charterhouse wa Parma". Iyi ndi nkhani ya intrigue ndi ulendo, chikuchitika mu Italy.

Bwererani ku Paris ndi imfa

Wolemba mu 1841 anabwerera ku Paris, komwe sitiroko. Komabe, anapitiriza kulemba mpaka imfa yake, kuwauza zochita zawo. Alembeni pa awo sanathenso Stendhal. yonena wake umatha March 1842, pamene iye anafa a sitiroko ndi atadwala nthawi yaitali. Stendhal anafa Paris.

Kolowera mabuku ananena wolemba Frederick Stendhal?

Wambiri, amene inu tangowerenga, amatipatsa chithunzithunzi cha moyo Stendhal a. Ndipo kodi makhalidwe a ntchito yake? Tiyeni tiyankhe funso limeneli. Long inali njira wolemba anatchuka. Stendhal ankati analemba ntchito zake "kwa ochepa mwayi." Iye ananeneratu kuti si kale kuposa 1880, chaka chomwe adzabwera mu ulemerero. Ndipo Stendhal anali kulondola. Mwina kulephera kwake lalikulu linali zimene anachita sizikugwirizana mu ina stereotype zolembalemba zinalili mu nthawi yake. Stendhal anapatulidwa kwa olemba wa 18 m'ma chikondi sebyalyubtsam otchuka monga Napoleon. Komabe, sitinganene kuti ndi chikondi wolemba. Wolembayu analibe onse nako Lamartine, ndi Hugo a epic ukulu. Only pamene Chiwerengerochi tasiya ndi pedestal zolembalemba, zinaonekeratu zimene ukulu weniweni wa wolemba chidwi kwa ife - pa Kuzindikira maganizo. Uyamiko kwa Iye, dziko lonse wotchuka Stendhal.

Wambiri, chidule cha ntchito za wolemba uyu, nkhani yovuta za iye - zonsezi ndi zambiri chidwi masiku ano amadziwa ntchito yake. Ndithudi ali mmodzi wa Stendhal French zapamwamba. Pofuna kudziwa kwambiri owerenga naye, ife ndi analengedwa Wambiri Stendhal pamwamba. Mumve tebulo la moyo ndi ntchito, zomwe ena mabuku ndi mfundo zochepa za iye, sasamalira za umunthu wake, angamachite zinthu zambiri zofunika. Wambiri, ndi zimene inu muli chabe anakumana, free ku kuipa izi.