The mpweya yakula. The nyukiliya radon mpweya: katundu, makhalidwe, theka moyo

Mpweya - mmodzi wa mayiko a loitanirana wa thunthu. mipweya lino mu mlengalenga, osati pa Dziko Lapansi, koma danga. Iwo ali oyanjana ndi mosatekeseka, weightlessness osakhalitsa. Chophweka ndi wa hydrogen. Ndipo kodi gasi yakula? Tiyeni tipeze izo.

Mipweya yakula

Mawu "mpweya" amachokera ku mawu a Chigiriki "chisokonezo." particles ake ali m'manja mwachisawawa chokhudzana ndi mzake. Iwo amasunthira mosintha, ndi kudzaza danga zonse zilipo. mafuta akhoza kukhala chinthu yosavuta zimakhala ndi ma atomu wofanana ndi mwina pawiri zingapo.

The mpweya losavuta lolemera (firiji) ndi radon chake molar misa 222 g / mol. Iye nyukiliya ndiponso ndi colorless mwamtheradi. Pambuyo akuganiza xenon aakulu, ndi misa atomiki a 131 g / mol. Otsala mpweya katundu ndi mankhwala.

Mwa mankhwala zochita kupanga ya mpweya yakula pa kutentha 20 ^{° C} ndi tungsten fluoride (VI). misa molar ndi 297,84 g / Mfuko, ndi osalimba - 12.9 g / L. M'mikhalidwe wabwinobwino, ndi gasi colorless, amasuta, ndipo buluu mu mlengalenga lonyowa. Tungsten hexafluoride ndi wotanganidwa kwambiri, izo mosavuta n'kukhala madzi pamene yozizira.

radon

Oyamba mpweya zinachitika mu nyengo kuphunzira phunziro cha mpweya wa poizoni. Pa azingokhala ena zinthu, asayansi mobwerezabwereza analozera chenicheni panamveka ndi particles ena. Rutherford izo emanation.

Choncho anatulukira ndi thorium emanation - Thoron, Analandira - radon, actinium - actinon. Kenako anapezeka kuti emanations zonsezi isotopes wa chinthu chomwecho - ndi mpweya inert. Robert Gray ndipo Uilyam Ramzay woyamba olekanitsidwa izo mu maonekedwe ake angwiro ndipo anapanga miyezo ya katundu.

Pa nthawi tebulo radon ndi mbali ya gulu la 18 la nambala atomiki 86. Ndi ili pakati France ndi astatine. M'mikhalidwe wabwinobwino, thunthu ndi mpweya, alibe kukoma, fungo ndi mtundu.

Gasi nthawi 7.5 lolemererapo kuposa mpweya. Amasungunula mu madzi aposa mpweya wina wolemekezeka. The solvents, ichi chithunzi ukuwonjezeka zina. Mpweya onse osowa Iye ndi yogwira kwambiri, mosavuta zimavuta ndi fluorine ndi oxygen.

The nyukiliya radon gasi

Mmodzi wa katundu wa amafotokozera za - ndi mpweya wa poizoni. Amafotokozera ali isotopes makumi anayi zachilengedwe zina - yokumba. Onsewo ndi wosakhazikika ndipo sachedwa kuwonongeka nyukiliya. Hafu ya moyo wa radon, yeniyeni, isotope ake khola kwambiri, ndi masiku 3.8.

Chifukwa cha mpweya kwambiri nyukiliya ali kuwala. The gaseous ndi madzi mankhwala yafotokozedwa buluu. The radon olimba amasintha phale ake ku chikasu wofiira pamene utakhazikika kutentha asafe - za -160 ° ^C.

Radon angakhale oopsa kwambiri kwa munthu. lolemera sanali kosakhazikika mankhwala monga polonium, kutsogolera bismuth chifukwa azingokhala ake. Iwo bwino kwambiri excreted. Kuthetsa ndi kudziunjikira zinthu izi poizoni thupi. Pambuyo kusuta, radon ndi wachiwiri ambiri chifukwa cha khansa ya m'mapapo.

Tsambali ndi ntchito radon

The mpweya yakula ndi imodzi mwa zina zinthu lapansi kotekisi. Mu chikhalidwe, radon ndi gawo la ores munali ureniamu-238, thorium-232, ureniamu-235. Pa kuwola chawo adzamasulidwa, kugwera m'mlengalenga ndi hydrosphere a dziko lapansi.

Radon amasonkhana mu mtsinje ndi madzi nyanja, zomera ndi nthaka zomangira. Mu mlengalenga, wokhutira kumawonjezera monga zivomezi ndi ntchito chiphala, m'zigawo za phosphates ndi zomera geothermal mphamvu.

Mothandizidwa ndi mpweya izi ndi zolakwa tectonic, miyala ya thorium ndi ureniamu. Izo ntchito pa ulimi kuti yambitsa ziweto zimadya. Radon ntchito zitsulo, kuphunzira pansi hydrology, mankhwala otchuka radon osambira.