Kodi mwachindunji ndi chimene icho chiri?

Monga tikudziwa pa masamu, "mwachindunji" amatanthauza chinachake chimene chiribe amazipotokola ndipo motsatana. The malangizo enieni, khwalala yosalala, amatchedwanso kukambirana moona mtima mau omwewo. Maganizo amenewa, ndithudi, ntchito zina pa moyo, kuphatikizapo mabuku ndi kulankhula zachilendo pakati pa anthu.

Kodi angatchedwe mwachindunji

Pofuna kuthana ndi tanthauzo la mawu "mwachindunji", kumbukirani, momwe ife ntchito kulankhula tsiku ndi tsiku. Ndiye ife kudutsa wachina chilichonse payokha. Choncho, m'ndandanda yosavuta angatchedwe mawu awa ndi mawu akuti:

• molunjika msewu;
• molunjika nkhani;
• njira yoyenera;
• kugwirizana;
• mzere wolunjika;
• mtengo mwachindunji;
• kulankhula mwachindunji;
• mwachindunji ndege;
• patsogolo malangizo;
• ndi zina zotero.

Nthaŵi iliyonse mtengo wa malongosoledwe ndi osiyana kwambiri, ngakhale kuti mawu onse a mau omwewo. Mwachitsanzo, patsogolo malangizo - ndi chabe kumasonyeza njira yoyenera kusuntha. A ndege yolunjika - uthenga ponena kuti gululi zidzachitika mfundo wina ndi mzake mosalekeza ndi njira kusintha.

Kodi kusiyanitsa lachindunji kutsegula pamapindikira

molunjika ndi chiyani? Mu mabuku a masamu ndi malongosoledwe a lingaliro ili. Molunjika anangomutchula kuti ndi zojambula mawonekedwe - mzere wolunjika, ndi chiyambi ndi mapeto. Njanjira ndi mfundo ziwiri za mzere amatchedwa gawo. Kodi mwachindunji ndi kudula, ife kumvetsa.

mzere aliyense akhoza yokhota kumapeto kapena wavy, kuti ndi limaoneka lokongola. Ngati zonse kulumikiza angapo palokha, "anatambasula" zigawo popanda kusunga mbali (mu madera osiyana), ife pamapindikira kapena mzere wosweka. Pamene mzere wapangidwa ndi arcs, zokhotakhota, ndipo motsatana yosalala, iwo akutchedwa yokhota kumapeto, wavy. Kodi chingwe masamu? Mukapita ku n'zosiyana, ndiko, lililonse mzere omwe si pamapindikira undulating, yokhota kumapeto kapena mzere wosweka.

ndi kufanana kukambirana mwachindunji ndi kulankhula mwachindunji Kodi

Malinga ndi malongosoledwe a otanthauzira ndi buku lotchedwa Lolunjika Kambiranani kucheza kwambiri, chimene chimafuna omasukirana ndi oona onse otenga mbali pa ntchito imeneyi. Sikuti kudziwa zimene kulankhula mwachindunji, ndithu moona kulankhula za zimene anapempha kapena maganizo enieni. Pa kukambirana mwachindunji zina ankafufuza zosiyanasiyana zokhudza chinsinsi kapena chobisika cha zochitika. Kwambiri nkhaniyi kutenga malo pakati pa achibale, anzake kapena achibale.

Koma molondola kapena kulemba nkhaniyi pa pepala, ndi kale zofunika kukumbukira zopumira kuti ndi kulankhula mwachindunji, mawu a wolemba ndi mawu ena zolembalemba.

Kalembedwe amafuna kuti mawu papulatifomu anasiyanitsidwa ndi mawu a wolemba (owerenga), m'matumbo, zizindikiro ogwidwawo, mipatuliro ndi dashes. Pa Kugawilidwa kwanthaka wa kulankhula zimakhudza malo mawu "ziphona" m'lembali mu ndime mzere, ndi zina zotero. Wotchedwa kulankhula mwachindunji chinaonekeranso ndafunsira munthu mawu wina m'gulu chiwembu waukulu wa nkhaniyo.

Mbalame mbalame ndi mawu mapiko

Tidapeza kuti mzere wolunjika mu Masamu ndi mabuku, ndi nthawi yoti mupite. Mwa njira, mu chiganizo yapitayi, mawu amodzi ankagwiritsa ntchito mophiphiritsa (kusuntha). Ndiko kuti, unapangidwa ndi lachiwiri, si mtengo mwachindunji kugwirizana ndi udindo waukulu yekha. Chikhazikitso cha zotsatira zonyamula. Iwo likukhalira kuti ena mwa mawu amene timagwiritsa ntchito, ndi matanthauzo osiyana:

• mwachindunji kapena zikuluzikulu;
• kunyamula kapena sekondale.

ndi tanthauzo mwachindunji mawu chiyani? yankho funsolo. Izi lingaliro dzina kanthu, chinthu kapena chodabwitsa, zomwe yomweyo amachititsa choimira, mosasamala kanthu za nkhani. The ambiguity ndi maganizo kupanga kulanda udindo chinachake, palibe njira chikugwirizana ndi waukulu, ndi tanthauzo mwachindunji mawu. Mwachitsanzo:

• kusuntha ngolo ya - kusuntha lemba;
• lamtengo wapatali ngati golide - manja golide;
• maswiti - chokoleti khungu.

Kodi ngodya ndi mwachindunji

Choyamba, aliyense ngodya - wodziimira zojambula chithunzi. Ngati interconnect mfundo zitatu atagona mu mzere umodzi, ndiye m'mphepete (kapena vertex) ndi kumanga uyu adzakhala oyenerera. Ngati mwa bwalo aliyense kugwira intersecting mizere angapo, pa malo awo a mphambano popangidwa ndi kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino zingapo ndi mfundo bayinare. chiwerengero chawo chidzakhala zofanana chiwerengero cha mizere kunyamula kuchulukitsa ndi awiri.

kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino zonse amayezedwa madigiri, ndi mtengo okwana Uwerenge kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino zonse bwalo ndi madigiri 360. The kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino ndi lakuthwa ndi yosamveka, mwachindunji ndi zambiri moyandikana, ofukula ndi zambiri.

Kodi mlingo woyenerera? Momwe izo, kumene angapeze? Mkati bwalo, anagawa kukopedwa mwa malo ake pakati pa mizere iwiri perpendicular anapanga zinayi zofanana njingayo. Iwo amatchedwa mwachindunji kufunika kwa aliyense wa iwo - madigiri 90.

M'mene tingamangire mbali anakhumba popanda protractor ndi

Nthawi zina mu moyo weniweniwo kapena mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito kuwerengera phindu lenileni la ngodya ya. Pali njira zina yosavuta yochitira zimenezi.

• Ngati inu kutenga tsamba ku kope kapena buku, angelo ake onse ndi madigiri 90.
• Pamene lopinda a pepala ndi kaphatikizidwe bwino awiri mbali moyandikana kupanga makona a madigiri 45.
• Ngati mbali imodzi tetrad kapena pepala lina lirilonse la pepala kuyeza 10 cm, ndi zina - masentimita 17,3, kenako kulumikiza mfundo zimenezi ndi mzere, n'zotheka kupeza chitsanzo amene kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino ndi ofanana 90, 60 ndi 30 madigiri.

ndi mwachindunji malumikizanidwe chifukwa pa zimene chiyani? zosiyanasiyana ziti zimene zimakhudza kuyankha makamaka. Limodzi nthawi zonse: ngati inu kuchita njira m'njira yoyenera, kupanga njira zogwirizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso cha izi mu kuchita, chifukwa ndithudi positive.

Pa mizere kufanana ndi zolengedwa wosangalatsa

molunjika ndi chiyani? Point - ichi mfundo zofunika masamu, ndi chinachake chimene chiribe mbali. Lathyathyathya, elongated mzere wopanda chiyambi kapena mapeto, amene ali ndi chiwerengero wopandamalire mfundo ndi mzere wolunjika.

Kufotokoza zimene zikufanana mizere masamu ntchito matanthauzo osiyana ndi ena. Apa pali mmodzi wa axioms kuti: molunjika mzere, amene paliponse ndipo sangakhoze kuwoloka, ali kufanana. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito njira ina kuthandauza mizere yomweyi. Ngati pa mfundo pa mzere molunjika mmwamba perpendicular (ie pa kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino kumanja) kuti zigawo chachiwiri ofanana, ndiye mizere sangathe kuwoloka, ndipo adzakhala yomweyi.

Kodi mizere yomweyi momveka. Nanga ukukhudzana ndi maiko wosangalatsa? Yankho ndi wosavuta, kuyambira mu nkhani iyi pali mfundo zakayendesedwe amene tinakambirana pamwamba. Zotheka vuto limeneli si intersect, ndi kufupi zathu, mu malo omwewo ndi nthawi, ndipo ndi dziko yomweyi. Amaona mawu zoona kuti zomwe zidzachitike kumeneko, ziribe mphamvu pa dziko lathu.

Zingapo axioms odziwika

Mu dziko la masamu ndi axiom - mawu amene sikutanthauza umboni. Nazi zina za choonadi ichi.

1. Aliyense wa mosiyanasiyana geometrical akhoza ziwonjezeke kukumana kufanana.

2. Awiri mizere yowongoka mogwirizana ndi njira imodzi, onetsetsani kuti converge mu zina.

3. Ngati mizere iwiri ndi kufanana lachitatu, ndiye iwo ali kufanana ndi mzake.

4. Ngati mizere iwiri molunjika converge, iwo anayamba kuwoloka.

5. Ngati mizere atasonkhana pamodzi, sadzatha kuphwanya mbali imodzi popanda kudutsa.

6. Kudzera mfundo iliyonse awiri, mukhoza jambulani chozungulira kapena mzere wolunjika.

7. Uwerenge kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zitatu zili chomwechi Triangles onse, ndipo ndi wofanana ndi awiri pomwe kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino thumba.

8. Rectangle - chithunzi ndi kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zinayi bwino.

Tangoganizani dziko lopanda Masamu

Knowledge yoongoka, kudula, mfundo njingayo, tiyenera osati kwa ophunzira kuti akhoze bwino. Iwo ntchito mwa mapulani ndi okonza, tailors ndi omanga oyeza ndi Akatswiriwa, opanga zipangizo ndi automakers, komanso gulu la akatswiri ena. Popanda munthu akufuna kuvala chinthu kavalidwe yonyansa kapena moyo mu nyumba ndi yokhota kumapeto, kugwa makoma?

Kodi mlingo woyenerera? Line, mizere, ndege, mfundo kumathandiza kupeza ngodya - tinganene, maziko a zomangamanga. The sayansi ya nyumba nyumba monga zotheka popanda masamu ndi mfundo geometrical, komanso mabuku opanda mawu, madontho, mipatuliro, mawu akuti zizindikiro ndi kulankhula mwachindunji.

Kodi njira yolunjika? Izi ndi akwaniritse mfundo wina ndi mzake (kapena ku mfundo wina ndi mzake, ku umbuli kuti erudition Mwachitsanzo), ndi mphamvu zothetsera mu nthawi, koma popanda kupatuka pa njira anasankha.