Vlad III ndi Impaler: yonena, chidwi mfundo ndi nthano

Chithunzi cha mzukwa wotchuka mu dziko kwa zaka mazana angapo amamuonera wosanjikiza wa mabodza osiyanasiyana, zoona ndi wabwino kwambiri, ndi ntchito yathu lero - kumvetsa maonekedwe zachinsinsi za yolakwika Prince. Iye amagwirizana ndi kumenyera chilungamo ngwazi yadziko, amene anadziwa zilibe chifundo pa wolamulira wankhanza ndi wamagazi, ndi fano odziwika m'mabuku ndi mafilimu atamukoka m'maganizo zakutidwa zilakolako lodziwika bwino bloodsucker. Ambiri amene anatsatira zimasintha otchuka, magazi anathamangira ozizira Ndikuopsa kwa mlengalenga, ndi mzukwa lathu, waphimbika mu chophimba chinsinsi ndi chikondi, wakhala mbali imodzi yofunika kwambiri filimu ndi mabuku.

Kubadwa kwa wankhanza komanso wakupha

Choncho nkhani Vlada Drakuly anayamba kumapeto 1431 mu Transylvania, pamene amunamuna Voivod Basarab Wamkulu famously anamenyana ndi Turkey, anabereka mwana wamwamuna. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti sanali mwana wokongola kwambiri, ndipo anali ndi maonekedwe ake chonyansa, olemba mbiri ena kusonkhana pathological nkhanza. Tili zosaneneka mphamvu ya mnyamata ndi yotundumukira kunja kwa mpanda mlomo wa mmunsi ndi maso ozizira oumbidwa anapeza wapadera katundu: ankaganiza kuti iye kuona anthu.

Young Dracula, amene yonena linadzaza ndi nkhani ngati mantha, kenako ngakhale chifukwa ndimitambo, ankaona akamakonda munthu ndi zambiri maganizo achilendo. Kuyambira ndili mwana, bambo anga anaphunzitsa achinyamata Vlad kugwiritsa ntchito mikono, ndi kutchuka kwake monga trooper ndi kwenikweni bingu kudutsa dziko. Anasambira bwino, chifukwa masiku amenewo kunalibe mlatho, choncho nthawi zonse kugonjetsa madzi kusambira.

Dongosolo la mdierekezi

Vlad II Dracul, amene anali anthu osankhika dongosolo la chivalry mwa chinjoka ndi okhwima malamulo asilikali kumene kumakhala Amonke, ankavala pa chifuwa medallion wake, monga onse a anthu ake, monga chizindikiro anthu a anthu. Koma iye adanyerezera pyakukhonda kusiya. Ndi kugonjera ake pa makoma a mipingo yonse ndi ndalama kuti akufalitsa mu dziko, pali zithunzi za lanthano moto amapuma chirombo. Dzina Dracul angatsutse Osakhulupirira kuti Chikhristu Prince analandira dongosolo. Mawuwa anamasuliridwa kuchokera ku Romania amatanthauza "chinjoka".

wololera

Wolamulira wa Wallachia - ndi dziko laling'ono kwambiri pakati pa Ottoman ndi Transylvania - anali wokonzeka kuti ndi kuukira Turkey, koma ine ndinayesera kuti wololera ndi mfumu ina ya. Choncho, kuti apulumutse udindo boma la kumudzi, atate wa Vlad analipira msonkho zikuluzikulu mitengo ndi siliva. Ndiyeno panali ntchito zonse akalonga - ana a Anagwiranso adatuma ku Turkey, pamene zipolowe ndi ulamuliro wa wolakika, ana kudikira imfa pafupi. Amadziwika kuti Vlad II Dracul anatuma ana awiri kwa Sultan, kumene zaka zoposa 4, iwo ali omangidwa mu yaufulu, kutanthauza belo osalimba mtendere, zofunika kwambiri boma yaing'ono.

Iwo amati chakuti yaitali kukhala kutali ndi banja ndiponso kupereka zoopsa umboni ndi wankhanza tsogolo amene oletsa iye wapadera maganizo amaonekera, kusinkhasinkha za psyche kale pompo. Kukhala bwalo yakumeneko Mulungu, mnyamata ataona nkhanza ndi onse amene ankatsutsa stroptiv ndi mphamvu.

Iwo anali mu ukapolo, Vlad III ndi Impaler wapeza za kupha bambo ake ndi mchimwene wake, ndiye iye afika ufulu ndi mpando wachifumu, koma patapita miyezi ingapo akuthamanga Moldova, oopa miyoyo yawo.

Nkhanza, kupita ku ubwana

mbiri zakale kudziwika zinachitika pamene kupanduka ndi analeredwa ukulu wina, ndi kubwezera ana ichi wolamulirayo, amene anali unachitikira akapolo, khungu. Pakuti malonda kuba Turkey anavutika, ndi vuto pang'ono anapachikidwa. Young Vlad, kuumirizidwa mobwerezabwereza kuopsezedwa chiwawa kusiya Chikhristu, zaka 4 kuonera chotero pamaso chowopsya. N'zotheka kuti mtsinje tsiku la magazi ndi amene akukhudzidwa ndi psyche osalimba a mnyamata. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti moyo mu ukapolo, nakhala motero kutsogolera, atsogolere zikamera nkhanza nyama zonse wosamvera.

dzina Vlad

Anabadwa mu mzera wina, dzina lake anadzatchedwa Bessarabia (akale Romania), Vlad Tepes amatchulidwa zolembedwa Basarab.

Ndipo pamene iye anafika dzina lakuti Dracula - n'zosiyana. 2 Mabaibulo amadziwika pofotokoza mmene mwana wa mfumu dzina lakuti. Woyamba akuti wolowa wamng'ono ankatchedwa chimodzimodzi ngati bambo ake, koma anatengera dzina lakuti anayamba kuwonjezera kalata "ndi" pa mapeto.

Baibulo wachiwiri anena kuti mawu akuti "Dracula" latembenuzidwa osati ngati "chinjoka" koma ndi "mdierekezi." Ndipo anali odziwika ndi nkhanza zake zosaneneka za Vlad anaitanidwa ndi adani ake ndi aopseze m'deralo. M'kupita kwa nthawi, dzina Dracul chifukwa chomasuka katchulidwe pamapeto mawu lidawonjezeredwa kalata "a". A zaka zochepa pambuyo pa imfa afika wakupha wina woopsya dzina Vlad III - Tepes, omwe anamasuliridwa ku Romania ndi "Impaler» (Vlad Tepes).

Board ankhanza Tepes

1456 ndi chiyambi cha osati yochepa ulamuliro wa Dracula mu Wallachia, komanso nthawi yovuta kwambiri kwa dziko lonse. Vlad, kusiyana ndi nkhanza wapadera, anali wankhanza kwa adani ndi kunzunzika chifukwa cha kusamvera aliyense wa anthu ake. woyerekedwa onse anafa imfa yowopsya - iwo anapachikidwa, amene osiyana m'litali ndi kukula: chifukwa wamba osankhidwa otsika kupha chida ndi kuphedwa boyars zinkaoneka kuchokera kutali.

Monga nthano zakale, kalonga wa Wallachia anali ndi chikondi chapadera kwa moans cha ululu ndipo tinakonza madyerero pa malo ngozi zowawa wozunzikirapo zosaneneka. Ndipo mkulu wa kudya uwonjezeke fungo la decomposing matupi ndi kulira kwa akufa ndi.

Iye sanayambe ndi mzukwa ndipo sanali kumwa magazi a adani awo, koma kuti anali sadist bwino ankakonda kuonera mavuto a anthu amene sanamvere malamulo ake amadziwika molondola. Nthawi zambiri Kuphedwa ankamuda chifukwa ndale, ndi chipongwe pang'ono kutsatira mayankho kudzetsa imfa. Mwachitsanzo, anabwerera ndi nduwira osakhulupirira, anafika pa bwalo la kalonga, anapha njira yodabwitsa kwambiri - ankayendetsa misomali mu mutu wake.

Wolamulira amene anachitira zambiri kugwirizanitsa dziko

Ngakhale, monga iwo olemba mbiri ena anena, zalembedwa pa imfa ya boyars 10, chifukwa chiwembucho amene anaphedwa Dracula bambo ndi mchimwene wake. Koma mwambo wotchedwa nambala yaikulu akuvutika - 100 zikwi.

Ngati wolamulira lodziwika bwino kuonera kaonedwe ka States ndi amene wabwino zolinga kumasula dziko lakwawo kwa adani Turkey limathandiza, tingakhulupirire kuti anachita ndi mfundo za ulemu ndi ngongole dziko. Kukana kupereka ulemu makolo Vlad III Basarab amalenga mwa wamba wa asilikali, amene amachititsa mthunzi wa asilikali Turkey amene anabwera kuthana ndi wolamulira opanduka ndi dziko lake. Ndipo akaidi onse anaphedwa pa mzinda holide.

Pokwiya wotentheka achipembedzo

Ndi munthu wachipembedzo kwambiri, Tepes motentheka anathandiza mchitidwe umenewu, kuwapatsa mphatso ya dziko. Ngati apeza akugwirizana kwambiri mu nkhope ya atsogoleri, wamagazi wolamulira zinthu mochenjera kwambiri: anthu anangokhala chete ndi kumvera, chifukwa pafupifupi onse zochita zake mwapatulidwa ndi mpingo. N'zovuta kulingalira mmene mapemphero ambiri miyoyo imawonongeka kumkuza Ambuye tsiku ndi tsiku, koma chisoni si anazitsanulira mwa kulimbana aukali ndi wolamulira wankhanza wamagazi.

Ndipo n'zosadabwitsa - yaikulu anaopa anali pamodzi ferocity zosaneneka. Pofuna kumanganso mpanda wolimba yokha, wakupha wankhanza anasonkhana aulendo onse amene anabwera ku phwando lalikulu la Pasaka, ndi akhaapatisa basa kwa zaka zingapo mpaka zovala zawo osati lawola.

Policy kuyeretsa dziko ku zinthu odana ndi chikhalidwe

Mu nthawi yochepa eradicates upandu, ndi mbiri zakale kuwauza kuti ndalama za golide anachoka pa msewu, anakhalabe mu pamalo anasiyidwa. Palibe wopemphayo kapena Kunkapezekanso, amene pa nthawiyo nkhawa, zinali zambiri, sanayese n'komwe ngakhale kukhudza chuma.

Amacita pa zochita zake zonse, mkulu wa Wallachia poyamba pa dongosolo lake lochotsa dziko la mbava onse. lamuloli zinachititsa kuti aliyense amene amadzinenera kuti ikabe, kudikira mlandu othamanga ndi kufa mozunzika, anadza kwa kubala. Pambuyo zikwi za imfa pamtengo kapena scaffold sanali okonzeka kutenga wina, ndi sikunachitekepo mwachilungamo anthu mu zaka za m'ma XV, izo lafalikira chosaona analogues mu mbiri yonse ya dziko.

The dongosolo mu dziko kudzera njira mwankhanza

Misa Kuphedwa, amene wamba - njira yodalirika kufuna kutchuka ndiponso kukhalabe kukumbukira chidzukulu. Amadziwika kuti Vlad III ndi Impaler sanali Majipise, wodziwika kavalo akuba ndi idlers, ndipo akadali m'misasa umatchedwa wakupha misa, ndipo zidawawononga chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu woyendayendawu.

Tikumbukenso kuti anafa imfa yowopsya onse amene anabweretsa kwa mkwiyo wa wolamulirayo, kaya ndi chikhalidwe kapena dziko. Pamene Impaler kuti anthu ena amalonda, ngakhale chiletso okhwima, anakhazikitsa asapita malonda ndi Turkey, monga chenjezo kwa onse a iwo kuvala mtengo m'bwalo yaikulu msika. Pambuyo pake, amene ndikufuna zinthu zisinthe ndalama chifukwa adani a Chikristu sanali.

Nkhondo ndi Transylvania

Koma osati yakumeneko Turkey wokhu- wofuna wolamulira, mphamvu ya Dracula, osati yoluza, anaopseza Transylvania amalonda. Olemera safuna kuona pa mpando wachifumu ndi ponseponse ndipo sizimadziwika kalonga. Iwo akhafuna kukhala pampando wachifumu wa ankakonda wake - Chihangare mfumu, amene anali imautsa Turkey, kuika dziko lonse loyandikana ngozi. Yaitali kupha Wallachia ndi asilikali a Sultan sanafune wina aliyense, ndipo Transylvania sanafune kulowa nkhondo zosafunika zomwe zinachitikira nkhondo zikanakhala mosalephera.

Vlad Dracula, atamva za mapulani a dziko loyandikana nalo, ndipo ngakhale kusinthanitsa ndi Turkey, kuletsa m'gawo lake, anakwiya kwambiri ndipo anakantha ndi nkhonya mosayembekezereka. Army wamagazi Transylvanian wolamulira yopsereza dziko, ndi kulemera kwa anthu, m'deralo kuti anapachikidwa.

12 m'ndende zaka Tepes

Msangani wenewu idatha misozi ambiri wolamulira wankhanza. Amakwiya nkhanza opulumuka amalonda anatembenuka lapitali achisangalalo - pamtima kugonjetsa Impaler mwa mawu olembedwawo. Mlembi anonymous analemba kapepala kufotokoza nkhanza wolamulirayo, ndi ena kuwonjezera za mapulani wamagazi wogonjetsa.

Musayembekezere kuukira latsopano Graf Vlad Dracula ndi modzidzimutsa Asilikali Turkey ku m'linga, imene anamanga ndi wogonera osauka. Mwangozi, iye amathawa linga, n'kusiya imfa yake mkazi wake wamng'ono ndi omumvera ake onse. Pokwiya ndi nkhanza za Wolamulira wa osankhika European, ndipo tikungoyembekezera kwa mphindi ino, ndi amathawathawa m'ndende Chihangare mfumu, amati mpando wachifumu wake.

Imfa ya mkulu wamagazi

Tepes amathera zaka 12 yaitali mu ndende, ndipo ngakhale kukhala wa Chikatolika wa tiganizira za ndale. Ndinayamba kumvera amakakamizidwa wolamulira wankhanza kugonjera kwa mfumu amamasula iye ndi ngakhale amayesetsa kuthandiza kukwera wachifumu akale. zaka 20 pambuyo chiyambi cha ulamuliro wa Vlad anabwerera Wallachia, kumene iye anali kuyembekezera anthu wokwiya. Chihangare asilikali, kuti aziyendera limodzi Prince, idagwatiwa, ndi sinditi nkhondo ndi anansi mfumu aganiza kuti apereke wolamulira wankhanza State, wozunzidwayo zankhanza wake. Atamva mlandu, Dracula akuthamanga kachiwiri, kuyembekezera yopuma mwayi.

Koma mwayi anachoka kwa iye kwathunthu ndi kuvomereza imfa wankhanza kunkhondo, yekha zochitika za imfa ake sali kudziwika. Boyars mu mutakwiya akanadulidwa thupi powomba wolamulira odanidwa, ndi mutu wake adatumiza mawu kwa Sultan la Turkey. Kukumbukira Chimonko wabwino amene anathandiza kuzungulira wankhanza wamagazi, mwakachetechete m'manda mtembo wake.

Atakhala zaka zingapo Dracula kuzilingalira ofukula chidwi, anaganiza kutsegula manda ake. Mwa kukhumudwa kwa aliyense, chinali chopanda kanthu ndi kuda zinyalala. Koma pafupi pali manda lachilendo la mafupa kusowa Chigaza, amene ankaona kuti otsiriza chitetezo Tepes. Kutetezedwa ndi ansembe kuteteza Haji la alendo ano, akuluakulu anasamukira mafupa pa chimodzi mwa zilumba.

Kubadwa kwa nthanthi ya mzukwa kufunafuna wovulalayo latsopano

Pambuyo pa imfa ya mfumu ya Wallachia anabadwa nthano ya mzukwa, amene anapeza palibe pogona kaya kumwamba kapena ku Hade. Am'deralo amakhulupirira kuti mzimu wa kalonga anatenga latsopano, amati palibe kupatula zoopsa ndipo tsopano amayendayenda mu kufufuza kwa magazi a anthu usiku.

Mu 1897 adaona kuwala kwa buku lachinsinsi ndi Bram Stoker, kufotokoza Dracula wauka kwa akufa, kenako mkulu kukhetsa mwazi abwera kucheza ndi mzukwa a. Wolemba ntchito yeniyeni Vlad kalata anasunga mu mbiri, koma wambirimbiri chuma anali akadali anatulukira. Bram Stoker a Dracula amapezeka mochepa ankhanza kuposa osiyanitsidwa ake, koma mtundu wa makhalidwe apamwamba ndi otchuka kupanga cha khalidwe Gothic la ngwazi, amene kutchuka yekha limakula.

Buku imatengedwa ngati kudalirana kwa yopeka ndi mantha nkhani imene zapiringizana wakale mphamvu ina yopambana mphamvu ndi zenizeni ano. Monga ofufuza amanena losaiwalika maonekedwe wochititsa Franz Liszt anatumikira monga kudzoza kwa chilengedwe chifaniziro cha protagonist, ndi zinthu zambiri zakhala anaitenga ku "Mephistopheles". Stoker akusonyeza kuti mphamvu zake matsenga wapeza mdierekezi yekha Werengerani Dracula. Vlad Tsepesh, chasanduka mu chilombo ndi, sizifa ndipo sadzauka kuchokera mmanda, monga afotokozera mu mabuku a kale za MIZUKWA. Mlembi amapangitsa khalidwe lake khalidwe lapadera, kukwawa makoma ofukula ndi kuwasandutsa mleme ndi, nthawi zonse zimaimira choipa. Kenako nyama yaying'ono iyi akutchedwa mzukwa, ngakhale palibe magazi, sikuti iye kumwa.

zotsatira za kudalirika

Wolemba kuphunzira Romania folklore ndi umboni wotsimikizira, amalenga zinthu lapadera limene palibe nkhani kukopera. bukulo amafotokoza za zopelekedwa wopangidwa mwa zolemba, zolemba za anthu otchulidwa waukulu, umene anawonjezera okha akuya nkhani. Amalenga zotsatira za mfundo lodalirika, "Dracula" ndi Bram Stoker posachedwa linakhala Baibulo zosavomerezeka wa MIZUKWA, imene zofunikila malamulo mlendo kwa ife mu dziko. A bwino okokedwa otchulidwa zithunzi kuoneka bwino kuti maganizo. Akukhulupirira kuti bukuli ndi nzeru luso, anachita mu mtundu awo oyambirira.

chophimba Baibulo

Posachedwapa, buku zimasintha, ndi munthu woyamba amene ankaimba Dracula, ndi kukhala mmodzi wa wolemba. Vlad wake Tsepesh - ndi mzukwa ndi makhalidwe apamwamba ndi maonekedwe wokongola, ngakhale Stoker anafotokoza zosasangalatsa nkhalamba. Kuyambira pamenepo ankalima chithunzi chikondi cha munthu wamng'ono wokongola, imene zilembo kubwera pamodzi mogwirizana kuti ndipulumutse dziko lapansi kuletsa woyipayo konsekonse.

Mu 1992, mkulu Coppola anajambula bukhu, kuitana ntchito yaikulu wosewera wotchuka, ndi zokongola kwambiri ankaimba Dracula G. Oldman. Pamaso kujambula wotsogolera masiku 2 aliyense kuwerenga buku Stoker kwa kumiza abwere ku mafano. Coppola ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana kuti filimu, monga bukhu, chasandulika zimathandizadi kwambiri. Iye ngakhale anawomberedwa pa wakuda ndi woyera mafelemu kamera maonekedwe a Dracula, amene ankawoneka lodalirika kwambiri ndi mantha. Otsutsa ankaona kuti mzukwa, ankaimba ndi Oldman, anali kukhala pafupi ndi Vlad Tepes, ngakhale zodzoladzola wake imawoneka zinachitika kwenikweni.

Nyumbayi Dracula a zogulitsa

Chaka zapitazo, anthu kwalimbikitsa uthenga kuti Romania zogulitsa zopatsa chidwi alendo. Lomvetsa mpanda wolimba wa chinangwa, zomwe amati anagona mmisonkhano asilikali Tepes, anagulitsa mwini wake watsopano pa mtengo lowoneka. Castle Dracula ankafuna kugula kumbuyo boma, ndipo tsopano dziko wotchuka malo, kubweretsa phindu yaikulu, kuyembekezera mwini latsopano.

Ofufuza mu nkhani mpatuko malo mafani onse a mzukwa Dracula ntchito sanaleke, ngakhale am'deralo adzakhala mopikisana ndi mzake kukuuzani nkhani maganizo chifukwa tangoganizirani za moyo wa mkulu lodziwika bwino kwa mpanda wolimba uyu.

Amafotokozedwa kwambiri mphindi mwatsatanetsatane Stoker Castle anakhala powonekera chodabwitsa nkhani izo ziribe kanthu kochita ndi Romania m'mbiri yakale. Mwini panopa kulinga amatanthauza ukalamba, ndipo salola kuti iye achite malonda. Iye amakhulupirira kuti ndalama zonse udzabwezeredwa zonse, chifukwa chinyumba kukaona ndi alendo pafupifupi 500 zikwi.

Masiku ano Bonanza

Modern Romania kwathunthu amagwiritsa chifanizo cha Dracula, kukopa utuluke zambiri alendo. Apa, iwo kulankhula za nyumba yakaleyo, ntchito nkhanza Vlad III ndi Impaler, ngakhale ngakhale kuti iwo zinamangidwa patapita nthawi yaitali imfa yake. Kwambiri zopindulitsa bizinesi zochokera chidwi kupitiriza chithunzi lachinsinsi la mkulu wa Wallachia, ndi inflow wa mamembala a mpatuko, amene Dracula ndi mtsogoleri wauzimu. Zikwi mafani wake kupanga ulendo kumalo kumene iye anabadwa kupuma mpweya chomwecho.

anthu ochepa mukudziwa nkhani yeniyeni ya Tepes, kutenga chikhulupiriro analengedwa ndi Stoker ndi atsogoleri ambiri chifanizo cha mzukwa a. Koma nkhani ya wolamulira wamagazi, osati kupewa chilichonse kukwaniritsa zolinga zawo, kuyambira kuiwala pa nthawi. Ndipo pa dzina la Dracula mumaganiza yekha ludzu mzukwa magazi, omwe ali wachisoni kwambiri, chifukwa fano wosangalatsa ziribe kanthu kochita ndi zomvetsa chisoni umunthu weniweni ndi anthu milandu lowopsya amene anapanga Impaler.