The Normandy - ndi ... The mbiri ndi chikhalidwe cha Normandy. State Normandy

The Normandy - ndi limodzi mwa mayina anthu kumpoto. Choncho anthu a ku Central Europe Kumwera mu zaka VIII-XI otchedwa asilikali a ankhondo oopsa, tidapita ochokera m'mayiko ozizira. Anawazunza anali detachments zonse anali lidzasinthidwa asilikali, ndipo motero mapu a ku Ulaya redrawn.

ofanana matanthauzo ambiri

Yasowa pa nkhope ya dziko lapansi ndi ufumu waukulu wa Afulanki, anakhazikitsa nthumwi ya mafumu Carolingian, Charlemagne. Iwo anali litalanda England. The Spain, ku dziko amene anayenda achifwamba, kuwayitana iwo mizukwa achikunja - madhausami mwa kusunga dzina la mantha onse patsogolo pawo. The British anawaitana askemanami, mwachitsanzo Kuyenda mwa phulusa yolimba. Mu Russia wakale anaitanidwa Scandinavia. Iwo amadziwika pansi pa dzina "Viking" (patapita natsimikizira kuti mawu akuti "Viking" Norsemen amadzitcha okha ulendo nyanja). Tikhoza kunena kuti Normandy - izo ndi agonjetsi monga Afulanki anati ndakatulo, "wolimba mwauchidakwa." Chifukwa cha kulimba mtima, kupanda mantha, asilikali kutembenukira zoononga iwo nthawizonse zakhala ziri bwino, koma ankasiyana nkhanza. Kutchuka kwa iwo anatambasula kutali - anaopa olamulira onse European, komanso kudzakhala ndi mu utumiki wake.

Ankhondo ku mibadwomibadwo

The Normandy anabadwa amphamvu. Osati chikhalidwe nkhanza ndi zikhalidwe za moyo mphepete mwa nyanja kumpoto zimawachititsa choncho. Chipembedzo ndi malamulo a dziko Kwenikweni, ndi asilikali. Mu moyo wina pambuyo osangalala, kumene iwo nthawizonse kusangalatsa Valkyries nawo asilikali okha amene alemekezedwa yekha ku nkhondo. Ngakhale ovulala ndi msilikali kufa sangachoke nkhondo ndipo anali kupha adani mpweya wanga wotsiriza. Ndiyeno pambuyo pake iye anali Odin yekha (ndi Mulungu wamkulu), ndipo anachira mu lowoneka wakumwamba dziko Volholl kwa mtendere wosatha. The Normandy - iwo ndiwo anthu amene sakudziwa chifundo adani, kapena mwini. malamulo awo anakantha nkhanza. Mmodzi wa iwo lofooka okalamba ndi olumala ana (ngakhale ndi zolakwika zing'onozing'ono) anaphedwa. Mchikhalidwe moyo wawo kusanduka kwa zaka zambiri.

Chifukwa anawazunza ndi

Taphunzira chilengedwe zomwe n'zosatheka kukula chakudya chokwanira, akhaapatisa kuzunzidwa kwa abale, ndiyo kufunika anawazunza gawo pafupi chonde ndi wolemera, amene anali onse kum'mwera ndi kum'mawa, ndi kumadzulo. Sanyoza anagonjetsa ndi madera opanda moyo kumpoto, iwo zikukangalika anawamasulira lokhalamo iwo, kupanga pali njuchi. Olemera dziko ili kutsidya kwa nyanja, ndi malo madzi zitsulo Normandy wachiwiri kunyumba. Iwo zombo wokongola, khola ndi cholimba. Ankhondo anali opalasa, iwo ali mwamtheradi si mantha nyanja n'kupita kutali kumtunda. Kale Columbus anatulukira America, iwo Komabe, North.

Mwambo ndi subordination

The Normandy - ndi panyanja kwambiri, ndipo anapita mwangwiro ndi nkhafi ndi kupalasa, mphepo ndi motsutsa izo. ankhondo kwambiri ndipo anachita musawope apainiya, kuopa imene imafikira ngodya akutali kwambiri a ku Ulaya akhala atazunguliridwa ndi nthano. Kwambiri luso, wolimba mtima ndi ankhanza ankhondo anakhala barsekami amene adakhulupirira werewolves. Iwo anali losagonjetseka. asilikali inati mwambo okhwima, chopanda malire subordination za udindo wapamwamba asilikali mabwana, panali kachidindo ulemu. Iwo anali ouma khosi kukwaniritsa zolinga izi ndi modekha, osati kupereka kwa falitsani pa njirayo. khalidwe anali "Masewerera a Nordic, kuwasamalira." Chofunika kwambiri, akhala cholinga chachikulu - kulenga wolemera zawo boma, ndi njira zonse kukhala zabwino. Koma iwo asintha pa nthawi.

Yambani kuwonjezeka yotakata

Mbiri ya Normandy (ndipo pali zalembedwa) kunayamba zaka 789. Ndi kugombe la England, anafika zombo atatu omwe Danes anali ku Harland, nzika za mfumu Beotrika. Koma pambuyo anawonongera ya agulupa ya Lindisfarne Island, kenako zaka 4 ndipo analandira ambiri olengeza, ndi kuukira ochepa anayesetsa lisanathe m'ma. Pamenepo zaka 40 mwamtendere. Koma m'chaka cha 835, ndi chiwonongeko cha Sheppee - chilumba British gombe la Kent, zonse zinayambira. Kenako incursions pachaka yowononga ya Normandy kuti kugombe la maiko pafupi European. Mu ena yokopa Islands British Scandinavia anayesetsa makamaka kasupe ndi chilimwe, nyengo yachisanu.

Zolinga akhala akwaniritsa

The Anglo-Saxon anawaitana achikunja, kapena anthu a kumpoto. Dzina "Norman" anawapatsa Afulanki. The 855-856 lalikulu lankhondo Amitundu tidakocheza kum'mawa kwa England muyaya. Koma kwathunthu anagonjetsa England anali kokha mu 1066 ndi Duke cha Normandy (kumpoto m'dera la France), William, amene amadziwika ndi mbiri Mgonjetsi. Ndiko kuti, choyamba Normandy anaukira kumpoto kwa France, ndipo ngakhale Paris, unakhazikitsidwa mu dera la anakomoka pansi nkhonya awo wake Wachifulanki Ufumu State, ndipo kuchokera kumeneko anaukira England. Mbiri ya Normandy ndi inalowa mpando wachifumu English ndi Sicily ambiri, chimatha. Ndipo iwo anali kutchedwa ndiye kale Normandy. Anawazunza yatha, chifukwa amuna anakhala wolima. Tsopano iwo ali nazo zokwanira chonde dziko, ndi kuonetsetsa moyo wabwino akhoza kukhala popanda kuwaika manja.

anabadwa kupambana

Norman kugonjetsa anawonjezera zaka zoposa zitatu. Chifukwa, iwo unagonjetsedwa mu IX m'zaka za Ireland ndi Scotland. zoyesayesa zonse kugonjetsa England anatsogolera chakuti mu IX-X zaka zambiri, Normandy anali wotanganidwa kumpoto, kum'mawa ndi pakati mbali ya dziko. Ndipo anaitana kugonjetsa Danelare ( «Area la chilamulo Chidanishi").

Iwo anapanga anawazunza pa frieze - m'dera m'mphepete mwa nyanja pakati lero Denmark ndi Netherlands. Norman kugonjetsa sanali kokha kwa Spain ndi Portugal. Mu 859, ilibe lalikulu ongokhala zombo zoposa 60, ndi odzaza a abe ku Spain, anabwera kugombe la Africa North. Ndi zaka 844 anawazunza Spain anali nthawi zonse, pa nthawi Iwo anakwanitsa kugwila Seville.

Iwo amatha kukhala m'dera lililonse

Pa yokopa onse Normandy, Scandinavia bwino ndinazolowera chilengedwe ndi anaphatikizana ndi anthu akuderalo. Kum'mwera kwa Italy, iwo analowa kumayambiriro kwa zaka XI, ndi 1071 Onse pansi pa ulamuliro wa Normandy.

A udindo wofunika anapita ku Scandinavia ku Nkhondo za Mtanda. Iwo nawo mbali pa chilengedwe cha Ufumu wa Yerusalemu. Pa mitsinje Volkhov, Lovat, Dnieper ndi Volga Normandy, Scandinavia anafika Nyanja Black, nadza kwa kugombe la Ufumu wa Byzantium. Ena malonda ozembetsa, pa mtsinje wa Volga ndi Nyanja ya Caspian, nadza kwa Baghdad. Sikuti Kumalimbikitsa lapansi anakopeka Normandy. Wotchuka Viking Erik Ryzhy mu 985, iye anakhazikitsa njuchi ku Greenland, zomwe, ngakhale nyengo ndi moyo wankhanza kwambiri zinthu inatenga zaka 400. Mtsogoleri wotchuka wa odzafuna malo tadzipereka kwa Saga, imene iwo ananena kuti mmodzi wa ana a Erik Yofiira padziko chaka 1000, anapita North America.

Anawazunza - si mapeto palokha

Pakuti Scandinavia, makamaka X-XI zaka, anawazunza sanali mapeto palokha. M'madera ambiri yakhala, kupanga chigawo, malo a njuchi. Part anakakhala Scotland, gawo la South la Italy. boma analengedwa ndi Normandy ku Sicily, ku France, mu England. Kwinakwake chifukwa anali zimatheka ndi adani mwachindunji dziko ndi kulandidwa kwa mfumu achilungamo ku England. Asilikali a mfumu yomaliza ya Anglo-Saxon anagonjetsedwa Godwinson Harold pa Hastings. Wopambana amatenga mpando wachifumu ndi William Mgonjetsi. Mu County la Aversa anabwera dziko loyamba la Normandy kum'mwera Italy. Iwo Pambuyo Melfi ndi Salerno, Calabria, Puglia ndi Naples. Kenako, mabungwe awa onse ophatikizidwa mu ufumu Sicilian. Monga ulamuliro, choyamba Scandinavia anayamba utumiki wa otchuka malo komanso anagonjetsa iwo.

Zikamera wa Normandy

Tikumbukenso kuti Normandy anali namatetule bwana. Iwo sanawononge m'mbuyomo mphamvu dongosolo, kutenga zabwino zonse kwa zimatheka. Scandinavia chikondwerero mphamvu zodabwitsa kuti azolowere kale anapanga mabungwe malamulo ndi chikhalidwe zosowa zawo. Iwo ankalemekeza miyambo ndi zina zomwe a anthu anagonjetsa. The chikhalidwe cha Normandy ku France wotchedwa Normandy anayamba ndi ntchito ya mayiko amenewa m'zaka IX ndi Norway ndi Denmark Scandinavia. Ndikwanitsa iwo Hrolf Oyenda Pansi, dzina lake choncho chifukwa chakuti palibe kavalo sankatha kunyamula thupi lake yaikulu, ndipo iye anali kuyenda wapansi. The Normandy amakakamizidwa Charles III ndi Simple kuzindikira dzikolo pakamwa pa khoka katundu wawo. Hrolf anachonderera m'manja mwa Charles, anakwatira mwana wake, anatenga dzina la Chikhirisitu Rollo. The Normandy, amene anafika naye, ndi mofunitsitsa Chikristu wosanganiza ndi anthu akuderalo. Kukwera yabwino kwa ang'onoang'ono France, ndi Normandy anamanga dongosolo labwino la mphamvu ya boma ku Normandy ndi England ndi Sicily.

Kutchuka nakhalanso

Mawu "Norman" ndilo losavuta. Iwo anamasuliridwa kwenikweni kwa Norse northman - «munthu kumpoto". Monga tanenera kale, anthu awa amene ankakhala Scandinavia inakhala kutchuka chifukwa patsogolo lonse mu zaka VIII-XI. Normandy Chili asilikali, amalinyero, amalonda, ofufuza ndi apaulendo. Mwachibadwa, anthu aakulu anali ndi miyambo, chipembedzo mabuku. Norman chikhalidwe ndi nthambi ya chikhalidwe Germany. Chidwi makampeni ambiri zidachoka ku pakamwa m'kamwa, mawu Saga. Mu ulemu wapadera anali andakatulo, wotchedwa scalds. Chipembedzo Scandinavia, anagwidwa mu nthano anapereka mpaka tsiku lino mayina a milungu yachikunja - waukulu mulungu Odin ndi 12 - Thor, Loki, Braga, Heymndall ndi ena. Panali 4 wa mulungu - Frigg, Freya, Idun, Sif. nthano unakhazikitsidwa m'zaka za m'ma V ndi pamaso pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Christianity. Olembedwa mu vesi, "Mkulu Edda" ndi prose "Edda" - magwero waukulu nthano Norse. Kudutsa dera, kumene Normandy kapena anathamanga kupita ku nthawi yathu anasunga Pamwalawo, olimbika zizindikiro runic, akatswiriwa anapeza zodzikongoletsera chithumwa. Zonse zimene zikukhudza Normandy, wafunsira lero wamphamvu soda chikhalidwe - mazanamazana masewera video, zojambula otchuka mabuku.

dzina lina

Amtundu wa Scandinavia anali zambiri mayina m'mayiko onsewa anaitanidwa mosiyanasiyana - mu Russia iwo anapatsidwa dzina la "Scandinavia". The Normandy, amene anabwera Russia mu kumpoto ntchito mu utumiki wa akalonga Russian, amene anadzipereka mbadwa kwa iwo okha mu misempha yawo kuchucha mwazi wa Rurik, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa mu IX m'ma Novgorod ukulu. Iye anali woyambitsa wa banja kalonga, amene anadzakhala oyamba Russian mafumu. The Normandy mu Russia wakhala zili ndi mphamvu, losagonjetseka wankhondo. Choncho, warship anapatsidwa dzina "Varyag" ndi mawu a nyimbo kutamanda kulimba mtima komanso kukhulupirika kwa Lathu, amadziwika kuti ambiri tsopano.