Apatity. Mchere. Kufotokozera, katundu, minda, ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Apatity - mankwala mchere ndi chikhalidwe, ambiri mu dziko la gulu lawo. Iwo ankagwiritsa ntchito yopanga feteleza mchere, ndipo nthawi zina ntchito mwakhama chilengedwe zodzikongoletsera. mchere Faceted amapeza maonekedwe olemekezeka kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri ndi n'kuchoka mtengo wapatali kwambiri mwala theka-mtengo wapatali, mwachitsanzo, ndi topaziyo. Osati kanthu Agiriki wotchedwa apatite «ἀπατάω», amene anawamasulira kuchokera ku Latin zikutanthauza "ukathyali."

mipweya

mchere angapo ochokera ku gulu la phosphates amatchedwa apatite. Pawiri wa chilinganizo kupanga mchere - Ca ₁₀ (PO _{4) 6} (O, cl, F) _2. Wotchuka kwambiri ndi wa mitundu itatu: hydroxo, chlorine ndi fluorapatite. Malinga chilinganizo izi zimasiyana kumatanthauza pamwamba. The zili okusayidi kashiamu (CaO) ndi phosphorous ndi za 53-56% ndipo 41% motero. Yotsala chimachititsa chiwerengero ka fluoro, chloro, nthawi zina carbonate, ndi zosafunika zosiyanasiyana.

Mu mawonekedwe woyera apatite alibe mtundu. mithunzi yosiyanasiyana ya mchere wotumbululuka opatsa zosafunika. Mwachitsanzo, manganese osakaniza osiyanasiyana a mitundu timibulu pinki, wofiirira, enaake achikasu, neodymium ndi chitsulo - ndi kugawira wautsi chikasu kamvekedwe.

thupi katundu

Galasi luster, osasamba wovulala, wochuluka kapangidwe pa tchipisi, fragility - makhalidwe amene ali apatite. Maphunziro mchere pa za Mohs lonse ndi 5. wotanganidwa kwambiri, sangakwanire zodzikongoletsera apamwamba. Ndi Movutikira akhoza zochepa chabe Galasi kapena lakuthwa mpeni m'mphepete. Kulemera enieni 3.2 g / masentimita ^3. Kumachitika mwachibadwa mu mawonekedwe a mibulu anapanga zambiri prismatic, tabular kapena singano kamodzikamodzi ali shading ofukula pa konsekonse. Nthawi zambiri ndipamene wandiweyani tirigu crystalline aggregates ndi concretions, volumetric olimba zadothi misa.

Apatite: chiyambi cha mchere ndi

Mchere ku gulu la apatites ndi chowonjezera kuti zili m'gulu la zikuchokera mu pang'ono miyala (zosakwana 1%). Choncho, chachikulu, iwo alibe bwanji gulu la. Crystallization ndi pafupifupi igneous miyala, makamaka zamchere ndi acidic. Apatites - khalidwe chigawo lamprophyres ndi Carbonatites. Iwo kugonjetsedwa ndi zinthu supergene. Apatites ndi ochiritsira clastic nyanja miyala ndi mchere placers.

timibulu akhoza kukula kwambiri. The toyesa waukulu anapezeka ku Quebec (Canada), mmodzi amene kulemedwa 5443 makilogalamu ndipo anali pafupi kukula kwa 2,13 kuti 1,22 m. Mchere ndi chimodzi cha zifanizo za dziko dziko.

gawo

Apatity - mchere madipoziti amene pamlingo mafakitale - m'malo osowa chodabwitsa. Gawo yaikulu ili pa Kola Peninsula ndi akutchedwa "Khibiny". Mderali amapangidwa apatite miyala, zomwe zigwirizana makamaka a fluorine apatite ndi nepheline. Komanso, pali kumunda Yakutia (Seligdarskoye), Buryatia (Beloziminskoe, Oshurkovskoe), Urals (Ilmen Mountains), m'chigawo cha Baikal.

Apatites nyanja thanthwe (mankwala thanthwe) zimapanga pa 90% ya okwana nkhokwe dziko la mankwala ores. madipoziti awo ali mu Africa North: Algeria, Egypt, Tunisia, Western Sahara, Morocco.

The makhiristo oyenera kulimapo zodzikongoletsera ali ncho mu Finland, India, Germany, Norway, Czech Republic, USA, Myanmar ndi Brazil. Mayiko awiri otsiriza amadziwika zosiyanasiyana wokongola wa diso mchere mphakayu.

Apatite mu zodzikongoletsera

Apatite - katundu mchere ndi maonekedwe moti ntchito makampani zodzikongoletsera. Iwo amakhala ndi brittleness ndi otsika kuuma, si monga cholimba monga miyala theka-mtengo wapatali, akuyitana mtima mosamala. Komanso, mchere tcheru kutentha ndi kuwala (akhoza zokha, zokha).

Pakuti kupanga zibangili ntchito mandala apatite, nthawi zambiri chikasu kapena buluu. Koyera mchere kudutsa ndondomeko kudula. Osati mandala kwathunthu mwala cabochon pansi. Njira makamaka kwa odulidwa, pa chimene amapeza mawonekedwe otukukira kunja ndi yosalala opukutidwa pamwamba.

Zokongoletsa ndi apatite ndi m'malo okongola ndi choyambirira zodzikongoletsera kwakukulukulu zimatengera mtundu wa mankhwala. Zokometsera zomanga, mikanda, mphete, pakhosi zosonyeza, ndolo, zibangili, etc. nthawi zambiri molumikizana ndi miyala ina, pogwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zamtengo wapatali. Komabe, munthu ayenera kuchenjera fakes wosapita m'mbali. Beryl, tourmaline, topazi, etc. -. Ndi chifukwa iwo nthawizina kupereka zabwino faceted mandala mchere apatite.

Mtengo wa mankhwala

Mtengo kachikumbutso wa zokongola apatite kumatengera zifukwa zingapo: khalidwe la mwala, njira yake processing, kudula, kuchirikiza zipangizo. Mwachitsanzo, mikanda monga chithunzi, kutalika masentimita 40 ndi mkati 1000-1500 rubles. Stone si mandala, mophweka kwambiri odulidwa anasunga lokongola, ndi heterogeneity a mitundu mchere.

Komabe, ena a apatite ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri. Mu Ontario (Canada) ncho mwala kwambiri mchere zobiriwira (zina ndi zowawa za buluu maolivi) mtundu. Iwo wogulitsidwa odziwika malonda dzina "Trillium". Stone masekeli carats 10 pambuyo kudula kukula zokwana madola oposa chikwi.

The katundu zamatsenga a apatite

Openda ndi uzimu amakonda kunena ena katundu zamatsenga mchere zosiyanasiyana. Apatite ndi mwala wa bata ndi mtendere. Iye amati ndi wapadera katundu wa olimba a maganizo boma la munthu, kubweretsa kamvekedwe ya ubongo. Pa nkhani imeneyi, okhulupirira nyenyezi amalangiza atavala zizindikiro amoto zodiac, osiyana zachiwawa ndi otentha khalidwe: Lions, Aries ndi Sagittarius. Koma kale kudzilimbitsa Pisces, Aquarius ndi khansa si analimbikitsa. Apatite kuwapanga iwo chabe, lethargic ndi ofooka.

Ntchito pa ulimi

Iwo akhala ankadziwikanso kuti apatite - chonde mchere, kotero m'dera chachikulu cha ntchito ndi ulimi. Phosphorus - ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo zikuluzikulu za mankhwala, monga zanenedwa pamwambapa. Monga mukudziwa, chinthu zimenezi n'kofunika osati kwa anthu komanso zomera. Phosphorus ndi nyumba midadada ya zamoyo, izo kumatanthauza njira zambiri kwachilengedwenso.

Apatity - mchere, ndi chuma kuyambira kwa kupanga mchere zachilengedwe feteleza mankwala. Zipangizo ntchito imeneyi kwa nthawi yaitali. Kuyambira m'ma 20, anamanga ndi ukugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana zomera kwa processing mchere. Mmodzi wa lalikulu - ndi Hibinsky kuphatikiza "Apatite" inayamba kugwira ntchito mu 1929 pamaziko a yaikulu m'munda mafuta dziko.