Zidziwitso ndi osatsegula - ndichiyani?

Ambiri owerenga Internet kuti: "womwe umapangidwa wokha wa osatsegula ndi - ndichiyani?" Izo zikusonyeza kalembedwe ena a kufufuza zinthu pa Intaneti, kumene pempho ndikupeleka motsogoleredwa ndi Seva chapakati. Izi umasiyana ndi zosemphana deta, kumene pempho kulanda zambiri ndi imene wolandila kapena kasitomala.

Pakuti zidziwitso ntchito nthawi zambiri zochokera zokonda zambiri anafotokoza pasadakhale. Ichi ndi chitsanzo cha wolembetsa kuti bukulo. Kasitomala "analemba" wake zosiyanasiyana zambiri "njira" operekedwa ndi makina. Nthawi zonse zili zatsopano akupezeka pa imodzi mwa njira imeneyo, makina amatumiza zimenezi kwa iye. Zidziwitso mu osatsegula zina emulates njira kafukufuku, makamaka zochitika za kafufuzidwe kwenikweni si zotheka - mwachitsanzo, Websites ndondomeko zazikulu chitetezo amafuna kukana zopempha ukubwera HTTP / S.

Mfundo ntchito

Synchronous conferencing ndi mauthenga zitsanzo zomwe zikuwoneka ngati zidziwitso. Kodi ndi motani ntchito? mauthenga Chat ndi zina owona ali akankhidwira wosuta atangomva amalandiridwa ndi utumiki mauthenga. Onse decentralized anzanu ndi LVS ndi mapulogalamu centralized (monga IRC kapena XMPP) kulola "Kankhani" owona. Izi zikutanthauza kuti dzina la sender ndi amayamba kulanda deta osati wolandira.

E-mail angathe ntchito ndi zidziwitso za - SMTP protocol, kwenikweni, "Kankhani". Komabe, otsiriza "sitepe" kuchokera pa makina makalata pa kompyuta zambiri amachita chikoka-protocol ngati POP3 kapena IMAP. The protocol IMAP zikuphatikizapo osagwira-lamulo, amene amalola makina kuuza kasitomala uthenga umene ukubwera. The original BlackBerry anali woyamba otchuka chipangizo, kumene zidziwitso wakhala akugwira ntchito mwakhama osatsegula. Ndichiyani ku zipangizo izi - Tingaone mu adiresi imelo (kwa mafoni).

Woyamba?

Chitsanzo china ndi PointCast Network amene adadziwika cha mma 1990. Imakhala uthenga ndi malonda akhalire deta. Ndipo Netscape, ndi ntchito ku Microsoft aphatikizire mu pulogalamu chawo kwa wina ndi buku la osatsegula awo, koma sanachitepo otchuka, ndipo kenako osaonekanso kwathunthu. Asakatuli kenako m'malo magwiridwe izi mu 2000s kuti RSS - mwezi dongosolo, kumene zidziwitso patsogolo kwambiri mu osatsegula. Kodi ndi deta muzimvetsera - amadziwa aliyense amene awerenga amakhala.

kuligwiritsa ntchito zidziwitso-chinathandiza ukonde ntchito zikuphatikizapo zambiri pa kafukufuku msika (mitengo katundu), Intaneti uthenga system (WebChat), amagulitsa nsombazo, Intaneti kubetcha ndi masewera, masewera kubetcha, kuyan'anila kuwatonthoza ndi zina zotero.

Zidziwitso za osatsegula - ziri lero?

Zidziwitso kudzera IEFT ndi protocol osavuta omwe amagwiritsa HTTP / 2 kupulumutsa zidziwitso (kwa kuyitana ukubwera ndi mauthenga). protocol The Chili zochitika zonse zenizeni nthawi mu gawo limodzi, amene amalola kuti zosavuta ntchito chuma maukonde ndi wailesi. Chimodzi-amasiya kutumikira Chili zochitika zonse kugawira ntchito zawo monga iwo angafunike. Izi zimafuna mutu umodzi okha, n'kupeŵa akungotaya nthawi ndi magalimoto.

Zidziwitso ndi osatsegula - ndi kwa mfundo ndi luso bwanji?

HTTP-zidziwitso (amatchedwanso kusonkhana HTTP) ndi limagwirira chifukwa chotumiza kafukufuku wa osatsegula kwa Web Seva. Iwo chingapezeke mwa aliyense wa njira zingapo. Childs, ukonde Seva si kutsirizitsa kugwirizana pambuyo zindikirani imatumizidwa kwa kasitomala. Webusayiti Seva masamba kugwirizana lotseguka, ndi mwambo mwambo watsopano (mwachitsanzo, kusintha deta anatumiza uthenga) Timasonyeza yomweyo. Apo ayi, chochitika adzayenera ima pamzere mpaka Pempho lotsatira kasitomala ndi analandira.

Ambiri maseva ukonde kupereka Mbali imeneyi ntchito CGI (mwachitsanzo, Non-parsed chamutu zolembedwa pa Apache). Limagwirira zakuya za njira imeneyi ndi chipika kufala 'kala' ikusonyeza. Chitsanzo chachikulu tingachipeze powerenga ndi zidziwitso kwa osatsegula "akazi". Ndi chiyani icho pa malo? Woyamba ndi zokhudza mauthenga ukubwera ndi zizindikiro "Monga".

njira zina

limagwirira wina amagwirizana ndi makamaka mtundu wa Kuyesezera, wotchedwa m'malo Mipikisano chigawo. Choyamba anapereka m'chaka cha 1995 Netscape, osatsegula "pa ntchentche" chimasintha chikalata iliyonse Baibulo latsopano pa makina ndi analandira. Iye akadali imayendetsedwa ndi Firefox, Opera, Safari, ndi lero, koma osati mu Internet Explorer. limagwirira Izi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito HTML-zikalata ndiponso chifukwa akukhamukira zithunzi ntchito webukamu.

WHATWG Mapulogalamu Web 1.0 chikuphatikizapo limagwirira yomwe cholinga chake ndi kusintha nkhani ya kasitomala. Iye wakhala kuyambira September 1, 2006, pamene Opera msakatuli akuyendera dongosolo latsopano experimental otchedwa Server-SentEvents. Iye panopa yovomerezeka mbali ya HTML5. Mu njira imeneyi, makina amagwiritsa kugwirizana HTTP kulimbikira, chifukwa mu ayankhe nthawi zonse amakhala 'lotseguka "(ie, makina satha response), mogwira" tricking "osatsegula. Choncho, ntchito zonse amakhalabe Nsapato mode, pambuyo tsamba Atsegula zonse. Seva ndiye nthawi amatumiza snippets a JavaScript kusintha okhutira tsamba, potero kuwapangitsa zidziwitso. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi, kasitomala sayenera Java applets kapena zina pulagi-ins kusunga polumikizira lotseguka makina - kasitomala basi amalandira zidziwitso za zinthu zatsopano akubwera kuchokera pa makina. Wina sangathe yaikulu njira Komabe, kupanda ulamuliro ndi nthawi ya Seva osatsegula. Kusakasaka tsamba nthawi zonse zofunika ngati pali timeout pa tsamba lotseguka.

deta kukumbukira

kuloweza njira yokha si zidziwitso yoyenera. Iwo okha amalola kuti atsanzire limagwirira zidziwitso mu malo amene si zotheka. Mwachitsanzo, pa wovuta ndondomeko chitetezo malo amene amafuna kukanidwa kwa zopempha ukubwera HTTP / S. N'zosatheka zidziwitso mu osatsegula (kuti ali ndi momwe ntchito - onani pamwamba). Pankhaniyi, ndi kasitomala akupempha mudziwe chimodzimodzi monga mu kafufuzidwe wabwinobwino, koma chifukwa zoyembezereka za makina sangathe kuyankha yomweyo. Ngati makina alibe kudziwa kulikonse zatsopano kasitomala pamene pempho ndi analandira - mmalo mwa kukhala ndi kutumiza ayankhe kanthu, pempho wotseguka, podikira zatsopano. Kamodzi deta ngati kuoneka, nthawi yomweyo amatumiza HTTP / S poyankha kasitomala kumaliza kugwirizana lotseguka.

Atalandira makasitomala zambiri yomweyo akumuuza pempho kuti ayankhe wina Seva. Motero, pafupifupi ayankhe kuchedwa nthawi (nthawi pakati pamene zambiri amakhala alipo, ndi Pempho lotsatira kasitomala) kugwirizana ndi kubera zopempha, Kwaletsedwa.

XML zitsulo

Zidziwitso mu osatsegula, ntchito mothandizidwa ndi njira iyi, ntchito CBOX ndi ntchito zina kulongolola. Iwo amagwiritsa XML zinthu zitsulo mu umodzi-mapikiselo owona AdobeFlash. Kuyang'aniridwa ndi kasitomala JavaScript amakhazikitsa kugwirizana TCP kwa mfundo unidirectional pa makina. Pempho Pankhaniyi amakhalabe unread, m'malo, mfundo ndi amatumiza kasitomala dzina lapadera yomweyo. pempholi HTTP wapangidwa ndiye Seva ukonde, imene muli dzina analandira. Webusayiti ntchito kenako apereke uthenga wopita kwa kasitomala pa m'dera seva mawonekedwe kulandirana, yomwe transmits iwo kudzera kung'anima. The ntchito njira imeneyi ndiye kuti amagwiritsa ntchito asymmetry achilengedwe a kuwerenga lemba.

Izi ndi zina mwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana ukonde ofotokoza, kuphatikizapo zipinda macheza, ndipo monga Motero, zipangitsa Mwachangu mkulu. Popeza salandira deta pa zokhazikapo ndi kucheza, Seva si chofunika kufunafuna kugwirizana outbound TCP, zomwe zimathandiza kuti kukhazikitsidwa kwa zikwizikwi kugwirizana munthawi yomweyo. Kotero pali zidziwitso mu osatsegula pa "M'kalasi" mu zina la Site.

ntchito zidziwitso zilipo

Mbali imeneyi ndi kupezeka pa misonkhano ambiri amene amathandiza mankhwala tatchulazi. Monga tafotokozera kale, zidziwitso mu osatsegula - ndi mwayi kulandira mauthenga n'kamodzi ndi zidziwitso, popanda kutsegulaso tsambali. Services, kumene msonkhano uno zilipo, monga:

• Apple womwe umapangidwa wokha Service.
• Google Mtambo mauthenga.
• "M'kalasi".
• Facebook.
• Xtremepush.
• Amazon SNS.