UMTS - ndi chiyani? Tekesi ya UMTS. Kulankhulana kwa maselo

Kulankhulana kwa maselo pakalipano kumapanga njira imodzi yokha - kuwongolera ubwino wa kuyankhulana ndi kuonjezera liwiro la kufalitsa deta. Pa msika wa mdziko pali njira yopitilira yowonekera kwa miyezo yopititsa patsogolo ndi mateknoloji. Mogwirizana ndi izi, mayina ndi mayina atsopano amawonekera. Ndipo umodzi wa iwo ndi UMTS. Ndi chiyani, ndikofunikira kumvetsa.

Prehistory

Msika wamakono wapadziko lonse pakalipano ndi wopindulitsa kwambiri. Pafupi nzika iliyonse ya dziko lirilonse limalowa nawo. Koma palinso mpikisano wolimba. Pali chitukuko chowonjezeka mu matekinoloje olankhulana ndi mafoni. Otsogolera opanga ndalama amayesa kuchuluka kwa chitukuko chatsopano cha zipangizo ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu za machitidwe oyankhulana mafoni. Tekesi yamakono ya UMTS ndi imodzi mwa zinthu zoterezi.

3G mafoni a m'manja

Icho chimachokera pa kusintha kwa data pakapakiti. Kuyamba kwa mautumiki amenewa kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kufunika kwa teknoloji yapamwamba. Njira zamakono zamakono zamakono zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madera awa:

• Kuyankhulana kwa vidiyo;
• Kusakanikirana kwa deta zosiyanasiyana mu mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a multimedia;
• Kusamalila zambiri zamtundu ndi zithunzi;
• Gwiritsani ntchito intranets ndi intaneti;
• Mauthenga a multimedia athandizidwe mu mawonekedwe osakanikirana.

Nkhani zokhudzana ndi momwe magetsi a 3G akuyendera panopa akuyankhidwa ndi International Telecommunication Union. Tsopano tiyenera kuganizira teknoloji ya UMTS. Zomwe izi, zimakhala zomveka, ngati mumvetsetsa chilengedwe chake ndikugwiritsa ntchito.

Pangani

Tekesi ya UMTS inakhazikitsidwa ndi European Institute of Standardization mu mauthenga okhudza mauthenga okhudza makamaka mayiko a ku Ulaya. Pansi pa kuchepetsedwa kumeneku, zotsatirazi ndi zobisika: njira yothandizira mafoni. Monga mawonekedwe a wailesi, WCDMA imagwiritsidwa ntchito pano. Ndipo tisaiwale kuti malingaliro awiriwa ndi osiyana kwambiri, omwe salola kuti ntchito zawo zikhale zofanana.

Makhalidwe a UMTS nthawi zambiri amawoneka ngati njira yosinthika pakati pa mateknoloji a 2G ndi 3G-4G. Izi ndizothandizira kuti zitha kusintha mosavuta kusintha kwachitukuko, popanda kusintha kwakukulu kwa zipangizo zomwe zilipo pakali pano. Monga nsana yamagetsi, GSM MAP imagwiritsidwa ntchito pano, ndipo matepi ojambulidwa pamodzi ndi GSM / EDGE ndi WCDMA. Zomangamanga zimamangidwa pamagulu a GSM omwe alipo, koma agwirane ntchito. Kusintha malo ochezera olembetsa pakati pa intaneti kumachitika mosavuta.

Chofunika cha teknoloji

Mu UMTS (zomwe izi ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito, zidzakhala zomveka pansipa), njira ziwiri zofalitsira chizindikiro chailesi zatha. Zida zotumizira pansi zimagwiritsa ntchito mautumiki a UTRA. Chifukwa cha mafotokozedwe a 3GPP Releace 4, pali zipangizo zamagetsi, chitseko cha alamu ndi seva loyambira. Kotero kunali kotheka kugawa mu MSC zozindikiritsa uthenga ndi deta yanu. Kuonjezerapo, izi zikufotokozedwa momveka bwino pazomwe zilipo pawunivesite ya UMTS. Ichi ndi chiani? Njirayi imakulolani kuti mufike pamtunda wa ma megabits 2 pamphindi. Tsopano pali zizindikiro khumi ndi zitatu za 3GPP.

UTRAN yapangidwa kuti iphatikize malo osungirako makina ndi makina opanga ma wailesi, ndipo imayang'aniridwa ndi magetsi onse ndi ma channel mu UMTS. RNC ndi wolamulira wogwiritsa ntchito makina omwe angakonzedwe mwachindunji mu zipangizo za positi. Kuphatikizidwa kwa zinthu ziwirizi, chomwe ndi malo osungirako komanso woyang'anira wotsatizana nawo, amatchedwa network subsystem mu dongosolo la umtaneti wa UMTS. Maselo angapo ofanana omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito mu umodzi umodzi.

Mwayi wa ntchito

3G UMTS amalola kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zochokera kwa ojambula osiyanasiyana, kuyambira apa interface interface imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kugwiritsa ntchito luR kumapereka mpata wogwiritsira ntchito mosavuta wolembetsa pakati pa malo angapo omwe zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Kulankhulana kwa maselo molingana ndi muyezo wa UMTS kumatetezedwa ku zosokoneza za kuyankhulana poyenda, chifukwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosavuta. Mwachitsanzo, pamene galimoto ikuyendetsa njira yomwe ili ndi malo osungirako bwino, pamene imachotsedwa ku imodzi mwa iwo, kuyankhulana ndi kasitomala kumasunthira kufupi ndi iyo. Kugwirizana sikusokonezedwe mwadzidzidzi, monga momwe zimachitikira kumagetsi a GSM. UMTS mu ndondomekoyi imagwira ntchito kwambiri kwa olembetsa. Zoonadi, izi ndi zofunikira pa malo omwe ali otsekedwa bwino ndi intaneti. Maofesiwa anali opangidwa kwambiri makamaka kuti akope ndalama za opanga zida.

Zida zamakono

Zingwe za nsanamira zam'mbuyo zimakhala ndi zipangizo zachikhalidwe, zomwe zimatha kusiyanitsa:

• Transcoder;
• Kulemba bizinesi;
• Kulembetsa kwa amalembo;
• GPRS thandizo unit;
• Njira ya kusintha kwa ma intaneti ena;
• Malo osinthira mafoni;
• Woyang'anira magalimoto oyambira.

Wotsirizirayo amagwira ntchito yogawa njira, njira zosinthira, kuyendetsa zojambulazo, kusonkhanitsa ndi kutumiza telemetry ku gawo loyang'anira. Wodutsa pamtengowo ali ndi ntchito yokhala ndi encoding ndi kutanthauzira zizindikiro zamalankhulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito compress. Kulembetsa kwa adiresi kumapereka deta ya onse olembetsa pa makanema am'manja a woyendetsa. Rejista ya alendo akudziŵa zambiri za olembetsa omwe ali m'dera lachinsinsi.

Mfundo yaikulu ya ntchito ya UMTS

Ndi chiyani chomwecho, chinawonekera kuchokera ku ndondomeko yam'mbuyo, koma mndandanda woterewu umagwira ntchito bwanji, nkoyenera kufufuza. Mu CN block, ntchito zofunikira kwambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimachepetsedwa kuti zikhale zogwirizana ndi sitima yapamwamba kupita ku intaneti, kupititsa patsogolo, kusankhidwa kwasuntha ndi kukhazikika kwa olembetsa, kukhazikitsidwa kwa mayitanidwe am'tsogolo komanso otuluka, ndikubwezeretsanso olembetsa pakati pa malo oyambira. CN imagawidwa moyenera mu madera awiri - CS ndi PS. Malo osungirako otsogolera ali ndi udindo wogwiritsira ntchito zizindikiro zothandizira mauthenga, mauthenga a kanema ndi kusintha kwake mofulumira, ndi zina zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, imayendetsa mphamvu mkatikatikati. MASE UMTS akhoza kudziwa kugwirizana ndi mautumiki ena apakati, omwe ali pamagulu awiri: ndi kusintha kwa magawo ndi pakiti. Njira yoyamba ndiyo kulankhulana kwa foni, ndipo yachiwiri ndikugwirizanitsa ndi intaneti. Popeza malo omwe akusintha amayendetsa ntchito yake ndi malo osasunthika, apatsidwa ntchito zonse zomwe zimafunikira kuti asinthe mawindo, ndipo ali ndi udindo woyang'anira kugwirizana. Malo osindikizira amachititsa njira zomwe zimafunikira kuti alembedwe ndi malo.

Zochitika zina

Mapulogalamu atsopano a m'badwo watsopano amadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa QoS ntchito ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri: kusakanikirana, kukambirana, kumbuyo ndi kuyanjana. Monga tanenera kale, pamene mumasintha ma Network 3G UMTS amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuti izi zinafotokozedwa mokwanira. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti kumaliza komaliza kwa kusintha kotereku kumafuna kubwezeretsa malo onse ogwiritsira ntchito omwe akulembera. Kuonjezerapo, amafunika kuti agwiritse ntchito zipangizo zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamlingo wamakono. Zomangamanga za intaneti ndi zosiyana kwambiri ndi kukhalapo kwa kusinthana kwa magawo awiri payekha - kusinthana ndi kusindikiza processing ndi ulamuliro wothandizira. Izi ndizowonjezera umboni kuti kusintha kwasintha kwa magulu otsogolera a m'badwo wotsatira, kudzakhala kofunikira kukonzanso magawo a malo osungiramo zinthu ndi olemba mapulogalamu. Mabungwe atsopano a UMTS ndi kukwaniritsa zolinga zonsezi zidzafuna kulenga zipangizo zamagetsi ndi kukopa ndalama zambiri.

Zimagwira bwanji ntchito?

Pakalipano, miyezo yambiri ingathe kukhala ndi 3G, CDMA2000 ndi UMTS ndizofalitsidwa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Zida zamakono zonsezi zimachokera pafupipafupi zowonjezera ndi zizindikiro zogawa zizindikiro. Ndi chithandizo chawo, n'zotheka kufalitsa magulu ang'onoang'ono a zizindikiro m'maselo apakompyuta. Mwachidziwikire, kulumikizidwa kotereku kwapangidwira kupereka bwalo lamtundu wa waya opanda intaneti pa intaneti.

Chiwembu cha ntchito zoterezi ndi chosavuta: chigawo cholembera chimayankhula ndi siteshoni ya operekera ma selo, ngati icho chikugwirizana ndi muyezo wotere ndipo uli pafupi kwambiri. Kulankhulana kwa maselo pakadali pano kumakhala malo aakulu kwambiri kuposa Wi-Fi, kotero olembetsa sali ochepa mu danga, pogwiritsa ntchito intaneti. Mabungwe a UMTS amakulolani kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino ntchito zonse zoperekedwa. Ngati wothandizira achoka pamalo osungiramo sitima imodzi, zimagwera mumtundu wina, popanda kulankhulana. Nthawi zambiri maulendo a UMTS ndi 2100 megahertz.

Kuti mugwirizane ndi mawebusaiti amenewa, mumafunikira zipangizo zamakono, zomwe ndi mafoni a m'manja omwe amathandiza 3G, USB modems, communicators, mapiritsi ndi mapulogalamu okhala ndi makompyuta omangidwa.

Malipiro a 3G amachitika kawiri mwa njira ziwiri: kubwezera ndi magalimoto kapena kubwereza. Pachifukwa chachiwiri, wolembetsa ali ndi mwayi wopita ku intaneti kwa nthawi inayake, kawirikawiri kwa mwezi. Pali mapulani opanda malire omwe ali ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha magalimoto, koma nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kuthera mwezi.