Wechsler ayesa ana ndi akulu: kutanthauzira. Wechsler Wamkulu Intelligence Scale: Baibulo ana (kwa sanayambebe kupita kusukulu)

Nice kulankhula ndi munthu wanzeru amene angathandizire mutu uliwonse, mu nthawi kuti nthabwala ndi poipa kwambiri. anthu amenewa kuti ali mkulu mlingo wa nzeru. Kodi mfundo imeneyi ndi zimene milingo zake?

IQ - ndichiyani?

Intelligence amakhala ngati ena khalidwe la psyche anthu, amene amalola kuti azolowere zinthu kusintha moyo. Komanso lagona luso zinthu zatsopano, kumvetsetsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zimene akudziwa. Mlingo wa nzeru - ndi chiŵerengero ena, anafotokoza ngati ziyenera kachulukidwe luso munthu kuti azolowere zinthu latsopano.

Wechsler Wamkulu Intelligence Scale

Khama la mlingo wa nzeru analanda akatswiri ambiri, koma makamaka wotchuka mu zaka zapitazi lonse la Wechsler. Yopangidwa mu 1939, timatha inu kufotokoza mbali ya anthu anzeru mbali mwana ndi wamkulu mu osiyanasiyana kuchokera atatu zaka makumi anayi. mayesero Wechsler zochokera chitsanzo masanjidwe wa nzeru, ndi pamwamba umene uli mwa mawu ndi zothandiza (sanali wapakamwa) nzeru.

Mbiri ya yatsoka a muyezo kuti adziwe retardation maganizo pa mayesowo

Mu 1939 anaonekera buku loyamba lonse la - Bellevue, kumene "Bellevue" - dzina la chipatala. Wexler akufuna mayesero anakonzedwa matenda nzeru za anthu kuchokera zaka zisanu ndi zaka 69 zakubadwa. D. Wexler kudzudzulidwa applicable pa nthawi mayesero, waukulu umene unali mayeso Stanford-Binet. Iye amaona zosafunika maphunziro a wamkulu gulu la anthu, monga iwo ndi mkulu-liwiro cholinga, zimene zimakhala zovuta kuti okalamba. Komanso pali mayeso kusonkhana ntchito wosazindikira umalimbana zambiri pa zaka ana.

paradaiso

Mbali khalidwe la ili njira ya kuyesedwa ndi luso kuphimba osiyanasiyana lalikulu la mibadwo, nadzawasankhula Wechsler mayeso - Baibulo ana, amene akulongosola enieni potentialities aluntha a mwanayo ndi kuzindikira dongosolo la chitukuko cha nzeru. Komanso, zotsatira zopezera kuyezetsa zinalembedwa azamisala kwa matenda enieni.

ndi zosintha wochita chiyani?

Wexler anapanga mgwirizano subtests zomwe zili ndi mlingo wa nyatwa. A IQ maganizo kunam'sintha kwa zaka.

WB (Wechsler-Bellevue Wamkulu Intelligence Mamba) - m'malo, anali lonse nzeru kuti akulu. Iye anali pansi kawiri kukonzedwa. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, mu 1949, tinaona kuwala kwa Wechsler Wamkulu Intelligence Scale WAIS ie Wechsler Wamkulu Intelligence Scale. Izo kale yovomerezeka njira, amene malinga ndi jenda ndi zaka. Awa, 1700 zinafufuzidwanso zaka 16 zaka 64, ndipo 475 - zaka 60 ndipo pamwamba. The standardization amaganizira osati zaka, komanso udindo akatswiri ndi maphunziro. Osiyanasiyana okwana lakonzedwa osiyanasiyana zaka khumi ndi makumi asanu. Main i subtests - ndi:

• mkulu malumikizanidwe chigawo ndi mayesero ena;
• kusiyana mu magwiridwe, amene kumatha zotsatira za zinthu zina kapena kusowa kwa iwo;
• kuthekera mfundo zina malinga ndi zotsatira za kuyezetsa.

Lero, pali mitundu itatu ya diagnostics: WAIS mayeso (akulu kwa zaka 16 mpaka 64), WISC (ndi ana zaka 6,5-16,5) ndi WPPSI (ana zaka 4-6.5). Pakuti anatengera la Russia zapita woyamba awiri okha: WAIS ndi WISC.

midadada mayeso

Mu njira zimenezi zimaphatikizapo midadada awiri:

• wapakamwa ongokhala 6 subtests;
• popanda mawu n'komwe - 5 subtests.

Mu chipika afufuzidwa chonse yamtunduwu (kuzindikira) kutengedwa (kumvetsa), masamu, kufanana (kufanana) kubwereza manambala dictionary. A sanali wapakamwa amatchedwa kafukufuku m'munda wa mbali akusowa, mafano motsatizana, ntchito cubes cha Ko, mawonekedwe apangidwe, ntchito kubisa. ntchito zonse zalembedwa mu dongosolo la kuwonjezeka Kuvuta kwa mlingo mlingo. Ndi kuyezetsa nthawi zimatengera ola limodzi pa kuchipatala, ndi wina - kwa processing zotsatira zake. Pogwira kuganizira zaka gulu, ngati pali osiyana mayeso Wechsler - Baibulo ana, ndi osiyana - akuluakulu.

Kodi n'komwe mu Zotsatila zake?

Kuti adzimvera zotsatira ndi chifukwa magulu atatu a processing ndi kutanthauzira zotsatira. mlingo woyamba - Khadili zipsera okwana wapakamwa ndipo popanda mawu n'komwe nzeru. The chachiwiri - zotsatira kuphunzira kuchokera mawerengedwe a mlingo yoyenera, pafupifupi mbiri ya ntchito anamaliza. Chachitatu ndi kutanthauzira kwa mbiri munthu ndi khalidwe kuchipatala pa kafukufuku, ndi deta zina matenda. Mofananamo ankachitira Wechsler mayeso wamkulu kwa sanayambebe kupita kusukulu, kupenda zotsatira za ntchito.

Ntchito powerenga Baibulo kubala chifukwa, katswiri linaŵerengera woyamba "chonyowa" ziyenera phunziro lililonse. Kenako mwachidule Akuti ku magome kuti afanane malangizo, izo anamasuliridwa mu muyezo ndipo amasonyeza mbiri. Wapakamwa ndipo sanali wapakamwa kuwunika ayenera apangidwe payokha ndiyeno kudziwa magawo lagona pa magome onse IQ.

Kufotokozera za Wechsler mamba njira

Njira zikuphatikizapo lonse wapakamwa ndipo sanali chabe. Gulu loyamba zikuphatikizapo zizindikiro amenewa:

1. Scale ambiri kuzindikira funso imakhala ntchito 29 amene afunikira kuyankhidwa. Izi ndi matenda a mlingo wa chidziwitso cha yosavuta, popanda maphunziro apadera ongolankhula. Ndiko kulondola - ina mayankho cholakwika sali m'gulu.

2. Scale womvetsa lili 14 ntchito zamalankhulidwe katundu kuphunzira mawu komanso kulingalira. Chiwerengero cha mlingo wa kulondola - kuchokera ziro mfundo ziwiri.

3. masamu imakhala ntchito 14 pa njira ya masamu sayansi maphunziro pulayimale. Oral mayeso, pamene chisamaliro katswiri n'kofunika, amene kafukufuku. Iye amayang'ana pa chomasuka deta opaleshoni ndipo nthawi imeneyi.

4. Pezani kufanana kwa zinthu - ntchito 13 kudziwa magawo onse a zinthu. Chigawo chimenechi n'kofunika conceptuality. Ziwerengero za pa ziro awiri.

5. Kumbukirani manambala - mndandanda 3-9 manambala (Mvetserani ndi pakamwa kubwereza) ndi manambala 2-8, lomwe kubereka kuti iwowo.

6. mau wapangidwa mfundo 42. Mu phunziro limeneli zinachitikira mawu, ndi cilamulo, waphindu. mawu khumi mu gawo limeneli achokera chinenero tsiku ndi tsiku kulankhulana, makumi awiri - ndi msinkhu pafupifupi cha kapangidwe, 12 wa iwo - umboni ndi ongolankhula limaphunzitsa. Ziwerengero ongoyendayenda ku ziro awiri pa njira.

Wechsler wamkulu mayeso - buku la popanda mawu n'komwe nzeru ziyenera. Pamafunikanso masitepe 5:

1. deta khalidwe (kubisa) - 100 manambala kwa mphindi 1.5.
2. Top zithunzi - chidutswa 21 (20 Mphindi).
3. Hexahedron Cossa (40 cubes) - kusonkhana midadada zojambula.
4. Kugwirizana - 8 makadi zino.
5. Collection zinthu kuchokera manambalawo - 4 ntchito.

Chongani chifukwa cha nzeru pa njira imeneyi, monga Wechsler mayeso kwa ana, izo zimatengera chikhalidwe ambiri a mwanayo ndipo anapanga ntchito kusukulu. Wopambana kuphedwa kwa ntchito zokhudzana ndi mlingo wa onse IQ, komanso limadalira chibadwa. Kuchokera pamenepa, ndizoonekeratu kuti mlingo wa kupeza luso wapakamwa ndi chidziwitso kudziwa bwino ndi mlingo wa maphunziro.

Kufotokoza zotsatira

The chidwi kwambiri mfundo chiyeso chilichonse ndi zotsatira decryption. Zimenezi zikugwira ntchito njira zonse, chifukwa munthu chidwi kudziwa chifukwa chake anakhala nthawi zambiri ndi kuti uli mu chimango cha mutu anasankha.

Wechsler nzeru mayeso kumaphatikizapo zotsatira zina panopa mmene anawasiyanitsira. Mkhalidwe umenewu wa chitukuko maganizo tikambirana ranges zotsatirazi:

• Kuposa IQ mkulu - mphambu 130.
• Mkulu - 120-129.
• Good - 110-119.
• Middle - 90-109.
• Bad - 80-89.
• Malire zone - 70-79.
• Low (maganizo kuwonongeka) - mpaka 69.

NKHANI Baibulo anawo mayeso

matenda lonse kwa ana a sukulu (zaka 6,5-16,5) zikuphatikizapo subtests khumi zogwirizana ndi WAIS, koma ndi kumayambiriro mbandakucha kwambiri ngati mtundu wa ntchito ndipo subtests "kukhotakhota".

Wechsler mayesero kwa sanayambebe kupita kusukulu ali osiyana mu "kumvetsetsa" m'malo mwa "akumbukira manambala" ndi "kukhotakhota" - mu "wolemba pulogalamu". Pa zimenezo, mwa mawu ndi popanda mawu n'komwe mbali ina kuti mwana mosavuta kuphunzira ntchito, ndi kuchita iwo. Kuwerengetsa IQ maphunziro chiyani kuganizira.

Subtest "kukhotakhota" imakhala ntchito zimene pang'onopang'ono kuonjezera movutikira kuphedwa. Pakuti amatiphunzitsa nthawi zina (tikupeza), ndiye zolakwa Calculated.

Mu 1967 adaona kuwala WPPSI Baibulo, ongokhala 11 boma mayesero, mmodzi amene - ngati nthambi. Atatu a iwo ali wopepuka ndi zagwiritsidwa kuti WISC, ndipo ena atatu - latsopano mwamtheradi. Kupeza Vuto malinga ndi njira imeneyi idzachitika kaŵiri.

Wapakamwa wagawo zikuphatikizapo: yamtunduwu, mawu luso masamu, ngati kukubwera ndi kufunika.

Mu mayeso iyi zosintha lonse ndi: nyumba chinyama, zithunzi pamwamba, labyrinths, zojambula dera midadada kumanga - hexahedron Kossa.

"Bwana" linasintha kukhala "kuloweza zilembo" Ku nyumba iyi, imene achokera WISC, iwo mwina m'malo chiyeso chilichonse mwa mawu, kapena ntchito payokha.

Subtest "nyumba Pet" akutengedwa m'malo "kubisa" wa WISC ndi tichipeza makadi ndi chithunzi cha galu, nkhuku, nsomba ndi amphaka. The mwana amaika nyumba mogwirizana ndi fungulo.

zikhalidwe zake

Pamene kuchuluka ophunzira a ana phunziro ndondomeko kuyezetsa anayamba pokhapokha zolinga za kuchipatala. Ndiye ana okha Wechsler mayeso Onetsani zotsatira weniweni. M'pofunika kuyesa kukhazikitsa mwana zabwino, ntchito kumwetulira ndi kupanga maganizo abwino.

mwana A sayenera kumva ngati mayeso ndi. Khomo kuyezetsa ayenera kukhala mu njira ankasewera. Mafunso anakonza ndi yomveka ndi yolondola katchulidwe. mayankho onse, kupatulapo monenetsa zoipa, ayenera kulimbikitsidwa. mayankho zinalephereka kuyamwa, ndi chete, katswiri mwana ayenera kumulimbikitsa mlandu. Ndi ntchito yotsatira sukupita mpaka tipeze yankho kwa amene m'mbuyomu. Pamene zotsutsana zofunika kusankha bwino kutsogolera mafunso "motani?". Mafunso ena mu nkhani iyi ndi sikuthandiza, chifukwa kuika ana mu vuto.

N'zotheka ndi njirayi, mwana amachita ntchito molakwa. Ndiye chiyesedwe zamaganizo ayenera zizioneka ngati iye anali munazindikira izo, ndi kupereka mwana wanu kuganizira yankho ku funso lotsatira. Pambuyo bwino yankho lotsatira mayeso nkhani ukuonetsa kuti tibwerere ku funso m'mbuyomo.

Njira achinyamata pansi ndi zaka 16, pamene mayesero mwana Wechsler wamkulu ndi zofanana mwamtheradi, ndi kusintha zazing'ono kwa zaka.

Kutanthauzira zizindikiro sanali wapakamwa a Baibulo anawo mayeso

IQ (Wechsler mayeso) ndi kusanthula ntchito koefishienti. Nkofunika kulabadira wapadera patsogolo zigawo sanali wapakamwa pa mwanayo. Asayansi ambiri amakhulupirira kuti matenda popanda mawu n'komwe ndi okulira kwambiri akukhudza.

Chonde kudziwa kuti zotsatira za mayeso ana akhoza kwambiri kusintha pamene kusintha osauka, maphunziro ndi maphunziro mwana. The njira ya M'manja sangathe kusonyeza kwathunthu nzeru za munthu, chifukwa Kodi kuganizira mfundo zazikulu za chitukuko cha nzeru. M'pomveka kunena kuti IQ mkulu - si wanzeru. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti anthu a nzeru mkulu kosaoneka ndi anthu, ndi avareji - kupanga kwambiri bwino akatswiri. chakuti bwino zimadalira nzeru yeniyeni, m'maganizo wamaganizo, mphamvu akuyesetsa kuti akwaniritse zolinga ndi zinthu zina. Inu simungakhoze m'mbali kuti pa mapeto a mayeso pa kuthekera aluntha, kukula kwa malire mwana. Ichi ndi zosavomerezeka kwa mfundo za makhalidwe abwino a mnzanuyo.

Kulondola kwa malongosoledwe a zotsatira za mayeso

Pachifukwa ichi, kuchokera zamaganizo kumafuna ena softness chikunena za zotsatira, kusonyeza mlingo wochepa nzeru. Wechsler mayeso kutanthauzira kumapereka lingaliro la kukhalapo njira zosiyana kwathunthu HIV. Pamene inafika nthawi kulengeza zotsatira za katswiri ayenera kuchita izo popanda kafungo mlingo wochepa wa nzeru, kupereka chiyembekezo kwa munthu Kuweluza Iye wotseka uko, kukhala zina.