Westminster Castle, Lutsk: kufotokoza, mbiri chidwi ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Castle wa Westminster - chizindikiro waukulu mumzinda wa Lutsk, kusonyeza mphamvu ya dera Volyn. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa wamkulu ndi yaikulu nyumba ku Ukraine, amene ali malo oyamba mu mlingo wa "7 zodabwitsa za Ukraine". Msikawu mbiri chidwi, zomangamanga chodabwitsa, bata chodabwitsa, gulu lalikulu la mabelu wakale, knightly thupi ndi zina zambiri. Ndipo linga linali ulemu waukulu ankaimira mu 200 hryvnia banknote.

mbiri Westminster Castle

Pakali pano, iye ali ndi maina atatu: Lutsk (ambiri), Upper (monga pali mu Lutsk wina theka imawonongeka - wotsika), ndi Westminster.

Nyumbayi anakhazikitsidwa mu XI m'ma Rurik. Mu mbiri yake kwa nthawi yoyamba kutchulidwa 1075, pamene Nyumbayi anatsutsana kuzinga ankhondo Boleslaw wolimba, amene miyezi 6. Poyamba, anali ochepa matabwa linga. Inali pa chilumba atazunguliridwa ndi m'madambo. Chotero malo yabwino anapereka makamu mwayi pa nkhondo yolimbana ndi Aisiraeli. Mu nthawi ya zaka kuyambira 1340 mpaka 1350, pamene m'mbali mwa malamulo Volyn Lyubart Gediminovich (mkamwini wa wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn Prince Andrei Yurevich II), chinyumba kwathunthu kumangidwanso mu njerwa. Latsopano mipanda anamangidwira padziko lakale limene adakula dera yomanga. Komanso, mozungulira nyumbayi kuchuluka madzi, akuika m'madamu wapadera. A drawbridge wapadera anapangidwa kudutsa ngalande.

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XIV zinafika zopangira Duke Vytautas, amene anapanga Lutsk kum'mwera likulu la Grand Duchy la Lithuania. Pansi pake mzinda linatukuka anakhala wamphamvu zandale, zachipembedzo ndi likulu la dera Volyn, ndi Westminster anali ndondomeko ya m'linga, umene ali lero. Ilo liri mu kalonga Nyumbayi yachifumu mu 1429, msonkhano wa mafumu European. Ilo linali funso la Europe chitetezo ankhondowo Ottoman ndi nkhani zina padziko lonse. Pamene Vytautas anafa, Duke anakhala m'bale wake Svidrigaylo imene kukonzanso inamalizidwa. N'chifukwa chake Lutsk m'linga, nthawi zambiri amatchedwanso Nyumbayi akalonga atatu.

Kukana kuti azingidwa

Yodabwitsayi, Westminster Castle mu Lutsk lero bwino, ngakhale kuti m'mbiri yake yaitali, iye anapulumuka sieges ambiri. Pambuyo Boleslaw wolimba Detinets matabwa 1149 anayesa kulanda Rostov-Suzdal ndi Kiev Prince Yuri Dolgoruky, ndipo monga patapita chaka kukazungulira linga anafuna Chigalashiya kalonga Vladimir Vladimirovich. Patapita zaka zisanu, ndi cholinga chomwecho zinapangidwa ndi m'bale wake - Yaroslav. zaka 100 pambuyo pake, mu 1255, pa Lutsk Castle Lyuberta anaukira Golden kazembe Kuremsa. Iye sanali otsiriza, amene anayesa kuwononga Detinets matabwa.

Pambuyo kukonzanso mwala makoma ake a Nyumbayi akuyesera kuti agonjetse mafumu Polish: Casimir mu 1349 ndipo Jagiello mu 1431, ndi Chilituyaniya Prince Sigismund mu 1436.

Mwamwambo Protection wa Nyumbayi Mfumu Jagiello

Pamene mfumu Polish anayesa kulanda ndi kutenga Volyn Westminster Nyumbayi asilikali, pambuyo kumenyana aukali, chinyumba adakali kupirira alimbane ndi kuteteza ufulu wa chigawocho. Malinga ndi nthano, osati kudalirika kwa zokometsera linga anathandiza kupambana, komanso luso wawo. Patapita nthawi yaitali komanso yotopetsa asilikali, pamene zida yatha a m'deralo anaganiza catapult Zitsulo kuvunda mitembo nyama. Pansi moto kuchokera nyama akufa Zitsulo akadali anabwerera.

Kenako, ntchito ya linga

Lutsk kumpanda wa Westminster ndi maloya ake anatha kupirira ngakhale nkhondo ya Chitata. Mu 1569, pamene Ljubljana ogwirizana ndipo anapanga Rzeczpospolita, chinyumba anakhala nyumba yachifumu wakhala anamaliza. Pofika m'zaka za m'ma XVII mpanda wolimba anayamba kutaya maluso ake kumbuyo. Ndi nthawi iyi Nyumbayi linaikidwa: makhoti, ndi okhala bishopu, malo, eg banja. Mu madera a Upper ndi wotsika nyumba anali Latin ndi Orthodox guwa, amene kunapangitsa kuti akakomane ndi olemekezeka zikhulupiriro onse. A Lutsky Khoti anali ndi mphamvu osati pa Volyn, komanso angapo a m'zigawo zina.

Kuyambira cha m'ma XIX zovuta ndi chiyani anayamba kutha. Ndipo mu 1863, akuluakulu anaganiza kuti dismantle ndi kugulitsa monga chuma nyumba. Akapita nsanja ndi linga ozungulira "anapita pansi nyundo" chifukwa 373 rubles. Mwamwayi, chinyumba analibe nthawi kugulitsa, chifukwa mu 1864 ku Kiev Commission zoletsedwa kugwetsa zovuta lapansi. Koma wotsika Castle kuyembekezera kwambiri chisoni tsoka.

Mu 1870, iye anakakhala ku chinyumba moto brigade, anamanga pa Vladycha nsanja thandala, amene kunachitidwa kulamulira mzinda. Mu 1918, chifukwa cha kulinga inamangidwa chilimwe zisudzo ndi hema matabwa ndi modutsa. Izi zikusonyeza otchedwa "zithunzi moyo", umene panthawi imeneyo ankatengedwa onse mkwiyo. Ndipo panali limodzi la cinemas yoyamba Lutsk.

Today Westminster Castle, kapena Lutsk m'linga, kowonera zakale mbiri ndi chipilala cha dziko.

nsanja

Kulimbikitsa Linga ali mawonekedwe a chinthu cha makona osasamba, aliyense ngodya za munsanja ya ndizo Away, Vladycha, Styrovaya. Kuyambira kunsanja ya kumadzulo inali pakufalitsa, amene anamuukitsa kuona mzinda kuchokera ndege mbalame. zinthu nsanja kusonyeza mfundo zosiyanasiyana zakale. Mwachitsanzo, pa wapakamwa chachikulu pamwamba pa khomo lalikulu, pali arches awiri. Poyamba, anali ndime zimene zinali zotheka kuti ku drawbridge, amene akukhala pa dzenje. Today bricked arches ndi khomo mwachizolowezi inamangidwa m'malo mlatho.

Mkati nsanja pali awiri masitepe mwauzimu. Nsanja ali milingo angapo, omwe m'nyumba kuwonetsera zipsera wakale ndi zojambula zoyenera Nyumbayi ili, komanso zosowa zakale mapu Volyn dera. Pansi pamwamba - chionetsero cha zidole akale, makiyi, mabotolo ndi zinthu zina. Mu Vladycha nsanja mulinso chionetsero zoyenera mzinda ndi linga.

malo kuphedwa

Tikamakaona nsanja pabwalo ndi zipangizo ntchito azingidwa, kuteteza, komanso zida zosiyanasiyana anasunga kuyambira Ages Middle. M'zaka za m'ma XVI anali malo kuphedwa limeneli, pamene anthu anaphedwa zambiri ndi kudula mutu.

yomanga ena

Pa linga ndi: a ndende, nyumba ya kalonga, chuma akuzigawo ndi nyumba ya mabwalo a milandu olemekezeka. Pang'ono anasunga ngati Cathedral Ioanna Bogoslova, amene anali mpingo woyamba wachikhristu mu Lutsk. Akuti kumeneko anaikidwa Prince Liubard.

Near zotsalira za kachisi ili chionetsero cha matailosi akale ndi njerwa. Apa mutha kuona njerwa zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mibadwo. Nthawi zina pali ngakhale zolemba zakale. Komabe pabwalo, mukhoza kuona mabwinja a nyumba matabwa ndi zinthu akale zitsulo.

Westminster Castle anatchuka chifukwa chopereka chachikulu cha mabelu wakale (yekha mu Ukraine), m'nyumbayi kusindikiza ndi mndandanda wa zida nawonso.

zojambulajambula

Mu kukhalapo kwa mpanda wolimba wa anthu anasiya zolemba zambiri pa mbali ake akunja. Ndipotu, makoma onse pakati pa nsanja okutidwa ndi mawu osiyana. Kwenikweni ndi mayina a anthu ndi madeti. Mbiri wamkulu pa khoma Ming'oma chaka 1444. Zolemba chibadidwe zosiyanasiyana zilembo ndi njira Zilembozo zinkasonyeza vytsarapyvaniya. Ena mwa iwo ndi matepi a anthu otchuka monga alongo Lesia Ukrainka, Olga Kosach kuchokera 1891.

Pomaliza

Apa tinakumana ndi inu ndi kukopa ngati zokongola ndi zochititsa chidwi ya Western Ukraine, monga Westminster Castle. Lutsk asatambira alendo ake ndi ambiri malo osangalatsa, lomwe, ndi njira, palinso zotsala za wotsika Castle. Koma Westminster Castle akuyembekezera alendo tsiku lililonse 10:00 kuti 18:00. Pakhomo amalipiritsa ndi 10 okha UAH (pafupifupi 25 rubles Russian) akuluakulu ndi UAH 2 (pafupifupi 5 rubles.) Mwanayo. Koma iwo ofuna kukaona nsanja ndi kumvera ulendo, adzakhala ndi kulipira UAH 50 (mkati 130 rubles.). Bwerani Lutsk, kukhudza kale za manja awo!