Wolemba Italy Verdi Dzhuzeppe: yonena, zilandiridwenso ndi mbiri ya moyo

Verdi Dzhuzeppe, amene yonena limaoneka m'nkhani - wotchuka wa ku Italy wopeka nyimbo. Zaka za moyo wake - 1813-1901. A zambiri ntchito wachisavundi wa Verdi Dzhuzeppe analenga. Wambiri ya Wolemba ali woyenera chidwi.

ntchito Yake ankaona kuti mkulu mfundo za chitukuko cha za nyimbo za m'ma 19 kudziko lakwawo. Kuposa theka Kuphunzira m'zaka za Verdi monga Wolemba wina. Iwo anali makamaka zokhudzana ndi mtundu wanyimbo wa opera. The woyamba Verdi analenga, pamene anali ndi zaka 26 ( "Oberto, Conte di San Bonifacio"), ndipo zotsiriza analemba zaka 80 ( "Falstaff"). Mlembi wa kamera: 32 (ndi ntchito yatsopano mkonzi olembedwa kale) ndi Verdi Dzhuzeppe. yonena Ake ndi tsiku izi ndi chidwi chachikulu, ndi chilengedwe Verdi mu nthawi yathu m'gulu la repertoire waukulu owonetsera lonse.

Origin, ubwana

Giuseppe anabadwa mu Roncole. mudzi m'chigawo cha Parma, amene anali gawo la nthawi ya Napoleonic Ufumu. The chithunzi limasonyeza nyumba pansipa, imene Wolemba anabadwa ndi zaka wake ali mwana. Amadziwika kuti bambo wake anatsogolera malonda golosale ndipo munali vinyo m'chipinda chapansi.

Mu limba mpingo iye analandira maphunziro ake poyamba nyimbo Verdi Dzhuzeppe. mbiri yake chinali yoyamba chochitika mu 1823. Ndi pamene wolemba tsogolo ananditumiza Busseto, tauni wapafupi komwe anapitiriza maphunziro ake a sekondale sukulu. Pa zaka 11, Giuseppe anayamba kusonyeza talente kutchulidwa nyimbo. Mwanayo anakhala akuchita limba pa Roncole.

Giuseppe A. Baretstsi anaona, wamalonda wolemera wa Busseto, zomwe zinkabweretsa bambo benchi mnyamata, ankakonda kwambiri nyimbo. Wolemba tsogolo unkayenera analandira maphunziro awo a zoimbaimba kuti munthu uyu. Baretstsi anamutengera ku nyumba yake, ganyu mnyamata kukhala mphunzitsi wabwino komanso kulipira maphunziro ake ku Milan.

Giuseppe anakhala wochititsa, chophunzitsidwa B. Lavigne

Pa zaka 15 wakhala wochititsa oimba yaing'ono Dzhuzeppe Verdi. Mwachidule yonena za iye akupitiriza Atafika ku Milan. Apa iye anapita abwenzi bambo ake kutolera ndalama. Ulendowu unali Giuseppe analowa inali. Komabe, iye anali osavomerezeka pa sukulu imeneyi chifukwa satha. Komabe, V. Lavigne Milanese wochititsa ndi kupeka nyimbo, anatamanda talente imodzi ya Giuseppe. Adayamba kuphunzitsa nyimbo zake kwaulere. Opera kulemba ndi orchestration anaphunzira mu ntchito m'nyumba za zisudzo za Milan Dzhuzeppe Verdi. Mwachidule yonena za ntchito yake yoyamba amalembedwa ndi zikamera wa zaka zingapo zitatha.

Ntchito yoyamba

Verdi mu nthawi kuchokera 1835 mpaka 1838 ankakhala Busseto ndi ntchito mu oyang'anira tauni oketsra kondakitala. Giuseppe mu 1837 analenga za zisudzo wake woyamba amatchedwa "Oberto, Conte di San Bonifacio". Ntchito imeneyi anaikidwa zaka 2 Milan. Zinali bwino kwambiri. Mwa dongosolo la "La Scala", wotchuka Milan zisudzo, Verdi analemba azithunzithunzi opera. Iye ananena kuti "M'maganizo Stanislav, kapena tsiku lina ulamuliro." Iwo anakhazikitsidwa mu 1840 ( "Mfumu Tsiku ndi"). chidutswa china, kuimba nyimbo za opera "Nabucco" chinaperekedwa kwa anthu mu 1842 ( "Nebukadinezara"). Ndi Wolemba anasonyeza zolinga ndi maganizo a anthu Italy, amene zaka zimenezo anayamba kulimbana ufulu ufulu m'goli Austria. Amaonetsa anaona kuvutika kwa anthu Achiyuda, anagwidwa, fanizo la Italy awo masiku ano. Yogwira ziwonetsera chikwiyire kolasi ya akaidi achiyuda ntchito. Kenako Opera Giuseppe, "Lombardi nkhondo zomenyera" komanso analankhula kuitana kwa chiwonongeko cha nkhanza. Iwo anali ankachitika ku Milan mu 1843. Ndipo mu Paris, anthu kusindikiza kwachiwiri za zisudzo ndi kuvina ( "Yerusalemu") unayamba mu 1847.

Moyo Paris, ukwati wake George. Strepponi

Mu nthawi kuchokera 1847 mpaka 1849 anali makamaka likulu French Dzhuzeppe Verdi. Wambiri ndi ntchito yake nthawi imeneyi amalembedwa mwa zochitika zofunika. Zinali ku likulu French, anapanga Baibulo latsopano "The Lombards" ( "Yerusalemu"). Komanso, mu Paris Verdi anakumana ndi mnzake, Giuseppina Strepponi (chithunzi cha lake lapatsidwa pamwamba). Woimba uyu ali nawo chuma cha "Lombard" ndi "Nabucco" mu Milan, ndipo zaka zimenezo anasamukira pafupi ndi Woipeka. Pomaliza, pambuyo zaka 10 anakwatirana.

Zochita za ntchito oyambirira ndi Verdi

Pafupifupi onse a nthawi yoyamba zilandiridwenso Giuseppe chinamulowerera kudzera maganizo dziko lawo, kutengeka amunamuna. N'zokhudza nkhondo yolimbana ndi adani a Aisiraeli. Mwachitsanzo, lolembedwa ndi "Ernani" Hugo (kupanga loyamba zinachitika mu Venice mu 1844). Verdi analengedwa ndi Byron ntchito yake "Awiri Foscari" (linayamba kuonetsedwa ku Rome mu 1844). Chidwi mu ntchito yake ndipo Schiller. "Wantchito wa Orleans" zinakambidwa mu Milan mu 1845. Mu chaka chomwecho Naples, ndi kuyamba kwa "Alzira" ndi Voltaire. "Macbeth" ndi Shakespeare anali ankachitika ku Florence mu 1847. Bwino kwambiri ntchito za nthawi iyi anali kuimba nyimbo za opera "Macbeth", "Attila" ndi "Ernani". Gawo mkhalidwe wa ntchito izi kukumbutsa omvera za zinthu m'dziko lawo.

Kuyankha ku French kuukira boma Dzhuzeppe Verdi

Wambiri, nkhani ya ntchito ndi umboni wa m'nthawi wolemba tinene kuti Verdi mwansangala anamvera French kuukira boma la 1848. Iye anali mboni kwa iye Paris. Back mu Italy, Verdi analemba "Nkhondo ya Legnano." Izi sewero la amunamuna anali ankachitika ku Roma mu 1849. The kusindikiza kwachiwiri limakhudza 1861 ndi zinakambidwa mu Milan ( "Ya Zungulirwa Harlem"). ntchito umu ndi mmene Lombards anamenyera kugwirizana kwa dziko. Mazzini, Chitaliyana chosintha Giuseppe analangiza kulemba nyimbo chosintha. Choncho panali mankhwala a "phokoso lipenga."

1850s mu ntchito za Verdi

1850s - latsopano nthawi zilandiridwenso Fortunino Giuseppe Francesco Verdi. yonena wake kwadziwika ndi chilengedwe cha masewero a, zomwe zimasonyeza zokumana nazo ndi maganizo a anthu wamba. Pankhondo ya anthu ufulu kukoma ndi bourgeois anthu kapena kuponderezana ang'onoang'ono anali yaikulu ya ntchito ya nthawi Wolemba ichi. Iye angamvele mwamsanga pa masewero a choyamba, zokhudzana nthawi imeneyi. Mu 1849, "Luisa Miller" chinaperekedwa kwa anthu mu Naples. ntchito Izi zinalembedwa ndi sewero "Chikondi ndi chidwi" ndi Schiller. Mu 1850 mu Trieste unachitikira ntchito "Stiffelio".

Mutu wa lochitira chikhalidwe wakhala kufalitsidwa ndi mphamvu kwambiri ntchito zimenezi wosafa monga "Rigoletto" (1851), "Il Trovatore" (1853) ndi "La Traviata" (1853). Khalidwe la nyimbo mu masewero a awa moona otchuka. Iwo akuwonetseredwa mphatso ya Wolemba monga Wolemba wina ndi melodist, umaonekera ntchito za choonadi cha moyo.

Development polemba chinenero chimenechi "chachikulu sewero la"

ATALENGA Verdi pafupi ndi mtundu wanyimbo a "chachikulu sewero la". Nawa olemba mbiri ndi chikondi monga "The Sicilian Vespers" (ankachitika ku Paris mu 1855), "A Masked Mpira" (linayamba kuonetsedwa ku Rome mu 1859), "The Force yaimfa", bungwe la Mariinsky Theater. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, mogwirizana ndi kupanga Verdi a pa sewero lomaliza 1862 kawiri anapita Petersburg. chithunzi m'munsimu limasonyeza chithunzi wake, wopangidwa Russia.

Mu 1867 anaonekera "Don Carlos" lomwe linalembedwa ndi Schiller. Mu masewero a awa okondedwa Giuseppe mutu wa kulimbana ndi opondereza ndi lochitira zopezeka zisudzo, amene muli Mosiyana, zithunzi zochititsa chidwi.

Opera "Aida"

Ku sewero la "Aida" chiyambi cha nyengo yatsopano ya zilandiridwenso wa Verdi. Iwo anapatsidwa ndi aigupto Khedive Wolemba poyerekezera ndi chochitika chofunika - kutsegula kwa Suez Canal. A. Mariette Bey, wotchuka Egyptologist, wolemba amati nkhani zosangalatsa, amene wapereka moyo wa Iguputo. Verdi anachita chidwi mu lingaliro limeneli. Libretist Ghislanzoni ntchito pa libretto ndi Verdi. The kuyamba kwa "Aida" unachitika ku Cairo mu 1871. bwino anali kutikonda.

Kenako zilandiridwenso wolemba a

Kenako, Giuseppe sanalenge masewero a latsopano kwa zaka 14. Iye ndikusinthidwa ntchito zake achikulire. Mwachitsanzo, mu Milan, ndi kuyamba wa Baibulo lachiwiri la sewero la "Simon Boccanegra" mu 1881, wolembedwa mu 1857 Dzhuzeppe Verdi. About Wolemba ananena kuti chifukwa cha ukalamba, iye sangakhoze kulenga zinthu zatsopano. Komabe, posakhalitsa iye anadabwitsa omvera. 72 wazaka Italy Wolemba Verdi Dzhuzeppe adanena ntchito pa sewero latsopano "Othello". Iwo anali ankachitika ku Milan mu 1887, ndipo ndi kuvina ndi - ndi 80 wazaka Giuseppe ataonera kuyamba ntchito latsopano kutatha komanso mu Paris mu 1894. Patapita zaka zingapo ntchito za Shakespeare. Tikuyankhula zokhudza ulimi wa "Falstaff" mu Milan mu 1893. Giuseppe zapezeka Shakespearean masewero a chidwi librettist Boito. Mu chithunzi m'munsimu - Boito (kumanzere) ndi Verdi.

Giuseppe mu zomalizira masewero a ake ankafuna kukuza mitundu kuti kuphatikiza kanthu zoterezi ndi nyimbo. Iye anapereka tanthauzo latsopano kwa recitative, analimbitsa ntchito yomwe oketsra mu Kuwulura mafano.

njira yekha nyimbo ya Verdi

Monga chifukwa cha ntchito zina za Giuseppe pakati pawo ndi "Requiem". Imapatuliridwa pokumbukira A. Manzoni, wolemba ndakatulo wotchuka. Giuseppe zilandiridwenso osiyana m'chombocho. Nzosadabwitsa Wolemba ndi dzina lake mbiri ya moyo zoimbira Europe 1840-1890 gg. Verdi anatsatira zomwe wa Oimba, chi - Donizetti, Bellini, Wagner, Meyerbeer, Gounod. Koma sindinafunse bwanji Dzhuzeppe Verdi. yonena ake zachulukazi ndi chizindikiro cha chilengedwe cha zidutswa osiyana kale mu nthawi oyambirira zilandiridwenso. Wolemba zopita njira yake ndi sanalakwe. Lucidly, nyimbo owala, melodically wolemera Verdi chikukwaniritsidwa otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse. Democracy ndi Kuzindikira luso, umunthu ndi umunthu, ubwenzi ndi luso wowerengeka wa dziko lakwawo, - izi ndi zifukwa kwa Verdi ali ndi mbiri kwambiri.

January 27, 1901 Dzhuzeppe Verdi anafa Milan. Mwachidule mbiri ndi ntchito yake lero, chidwi okonda nyimbo padziko lonse.