Zamoyo: katundu, kuchuluka kwa mabungwe ndi gulu

Asayansi akhala anamuona zosiyanasiyana kwambiri dziko ndi iwo anayamba kuphunzira kuwonetseredwa, magwero ndi kugawa a mitundu yonse moyo padziko lapansi. The sayansi kuti amaphunzira zamoyo zonse, ntchito zawo, dongosolo, komanso gulu lawo, wotchedwa zamoyo. Komanso, ikufotokoza ubale wa zamoyo ndi zopanda moyo dziko.

mbali Special wogwidwa zamoyo yekha, motere: digiri yapamwamba ndi zovuta wa bungwe lawo; mbali ali tanthauzo lake ndi ntchito yeniyeni; luso logwiritsa ntchito, Tingafinye ndi kusintha mphamvu ya chilengedwe cha umoyo wawo; luso kulabadira zimene zikuchitika kunja ndi kusintha chilengedwe. Komanso, iwo ali bwino ndinazolowera malo awo (chitukuko cha katundu dziphunzitsiranso); angathe kubereka yokha (motsanzira), ndi cholowa ndi propensity kwa masiyanidwe. Komanso, yodziwika ndi mchitidwe wa chisinthiko zinachititsa kuti panali ngati zosiyanasiyana zamoyo.

Pali zingapo kaperekedwe ka gulu la moyo, lomwe ndi inakula mu subordination zovuta. Mlingo wotsikitsitsa ndi mzere umene umawalekanitsa zinthu zamoyo ku zinthu zopanda moyo ndi akuimira dongosolo maselo. Ndiye pali mlingo ma pa zimene maselo waukulu mbali structural ndi chimodzimodzi kwa onse. Kwambiricho organomineral milingo minofu anafotokoza okha multicellular imene maselo anachokera ku mbali ya chamoyo zachitika mokwanira. Siteji yotsatira - lonse chamoyo, pali Koma zolengedwa anali osiyana, iwo ali chinthu chimodzi chofanana - iwo onse lapangidwa ndi maselo.
Ndiye zosiyanasiyana onse a moyo kale wachinsinsi mfundo zosiyana. ngakhale gawo lonse anamasulidwa mu zamoyo, wotchedwa taxonomy, zomwe zikugwira kufotokoza ndi grouping wa anthu onse. Choncho, systematics a zamoyo umawalekanitsa iwo mu mawonekedwe a moyo pa acellular (mavairasi) ndi selo. Last kugwa wina: yosavuta zovuta mabakiteriya, zomera, nyama ndi bowa. Bungwe lonse la zinthu zimenezi, ayenera kuzindikira, ndipo amagwiritsa zingapo zochititsa, monga: morphological, amuzolengedwa, thupi ndi zina.
chidwi linaperekedwa kwa zamoyo ndi kuphunzira kwa kapangidwe ka zinthu zamoyo. Iwo ali zambiri zigawo zikuluzikulu mankhwala omwe kupanga mankhwala organic ndi zochita kupanga. zinthu mankhwala maselo a zamoyo muli maatomu mpweya ndiwo chizindikiro cha moyo. Ambiri, onse a mankhwala organic ndi makalasi ochepa ndi zofunika chitukuko. Zikuphatikizapo mkati zidulo, mapuloteni, lipids ndi chakudya. Zamoyo anyamula maselo 70 kwa zigawo za nthawi dongosolo la Mendeleev, koma 24 okha zonse m'gulu zikuchokera awo (phosphorous, potaziyamu, sulfure, calcium, chitsulo, magnesium, nthaka, zitsulo zotayidwa, ayodini, etc.)