Zaumbanda kupanda ku Russia

M'dziko ndi vuto umbava kuopseza zolemba upandu ana. Pa anthu, mu nkhani iyi inasintha zinthu nkhani ya ana zinthu zophwanya malamulo. Zikatere, ndi malamulo ayenera kupereka yankho boma chokwanira chimene chikuchitika. M'nkhani yotsatira vuto la kupanda makhalidwe kwa ana.

wa Code Wachifwamba

Nkhani zonse kusamalira mu Code, chilango ntchito kwa ana kwa zaka 16. Komabe, Code Wachifwamba lili zingapo zokhudza imene udindo ndi zaka 14. Dama nkhani:

• 105 - "Kupha".
• 111 - "dala kuchititsa mavuto aakulu kwa thanzi."
• 126 - "Wakuba".
• 112 - "dala kuchititsa zoipa thanzi yokoka sing'anga".
• 131 - "kugwirira".
• 158 - "Kuba".
• 132 - "Kugonana kumenya".
• 163 - "kulanda."
• 162 - "cholanda".
• 161 - "cholanda".
• 166 - "mozembera kulanda galimoto popanda cholinga cha adani."
• 167 (gawo 2) - ". Dala kuwonongeka / kuba katundu pamaso pa zochitika kukulitsa"
• 206 - "akapolo kutenga".
• 205 - "uchigawenga".
• 213 (Ndime 2 ndi 3) - "Matenda kukulitsa mavuto".
• 214 - "vandalism".
• 226 - "kulanda / kuba zida, zida, mabomba kapena zipangizo zachiwawa."
• 267 - 'Kuthandiza njira achabechabe kulankhulana kapena njira ya ".
• 229 - "kulanda / kuba mankhwala chomwa mankhwalawa kapena zinthu psychotropic."

ziganizo Features

lamulo zaumbanda amatanthauza anthu amene, nthawi lopunthwitsa anafika zaka 14, koma iwo sizinathe anatembenuka 18. Sikuti njira zonse chilango angathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito mabungwe oterowo. Makamaka, m'ndende sangathe zaka zoposa 10, ndi kukonza ntchito - kuposa chaka. Kutumikira chiganizo nthawi zonse umachitikira ku madera maphunziro kumatheka kapena mode wamba. Mu mwakungopereka chiweruzo, khoti amaganizira zikhalidwe za moyo wa aang'ono, chitukuko makamaka maganizo, mlingo wa chikoka akulu. Kulephera akafika zaka ambiri amaona kuti kukhala mitigating chochitika. zilango izi angagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa achinyamata:

1. Chabwino.
2. Mokakamizidwa kapena kukonza ntchito.
3. Chiletso cha ntchito iliyonse.
4. Kumangidwa.
5. Kundende mawu lokhazikika. Ngati kuchita yokoka zazing'ono kapena sing'anga kwa nthawi yoyamba anachita, khoti akhoza kumasula ndi kupanda ku udindo ndi maphunziro mokakamizidwa angagwiritsidwe ntchito kutsutsana naye.
6. Chenjezo.
7. Zaphindu udindo yom'pepesera kwa kuwonongeka.
8. Kusamutsa moyang'aniridwa ndi makolo kapena kulamulira kwa bungwe apadera.
9. kuletsa nthawi yopuma, kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo a khalidwe.

Kwa ana ingagwiritsidwe ntchito miyeso angapo nthawi imodzi. Kuteteza tichipeza mu kufotokoza nkhope ya mavuto kuti wayambitsa, ndipo zotsatira zake kuti anauka kwa zochita zake. Yom'pepesera kwa kuwonongeka kwa nkhani zakuthupi mungathe okha ndi ndalama. Lamulo limeneli ntchito osati s / N, komanso maphunziro ndi zinthu zina. Pankhani ya kulephera mwadongosolo kuti ana Kwalamulidwa akulamulira maphunziro ali zimafika, ndi zipangizo za mlandu wake adatumiza mawu kwa m'bwalo, zikuchita ndi funso kumubweretsera kuti udindo pansi pa Code Wachifwamba.

Mmene wamkulu

Pali zimayambitsa zosiyanasiyana za kupanda makhalidwe kwa ana. Konse wam'ng'onong'ono mwa iwo ndi chikoka zoipa akulu. Zochita kwambiri milandu imene ana amatanganidwa zinthu zophwanya malamulo, pamodzi ndi akuluakulu okalamba. Monga instigators zambiri zinthu recidivists. Ndipotu manja achinyamata iwo ziwawa kwambiri. Pochita zimenezi, iwo nthawi zambiri kupewa udindo.

Poganizira zimayambitsa kupanda makhalidwe kwa ana, tisaiwale kuti ana ambiri amene timakonda osati kukwaniritsa malamulo anakhazikitsa m'deralo, akupita kukakumana wamkulu, m'malo azikwera mphoto mu mawonekedwe a zinthu, iwo amadya.

Nthawi zina, udindo wamkulu akuwonetseredwa mu zochita zimene sizinalembedwa mwachindunji ndi ntchito yeniyeni n'kosaloleka kuchita. Komabe, akulu kungasokoneze mwana wa amalimbikitsa chiwerewere, makhalidwe oipa. Makamaka, zikugwirizanirana munda wa chitukuko kugonana ana. Nawo akuluakulu kusasitsa kugonana amalenga nthaka yachonde limene ndiye otukuka zaumbanda opulukira. Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti pafupifupi atatu ana amene sanachite mwachiphamaso oyambirira kugonana kuwonekera koyamba kugulu. Anthu oposa theka la iwo amachita zogonana ndi wamkulu amayi ndi atsikana.

mbali maganizo

Kuthetsa vuto la milandu imene achinyamata anapalamula, akatswiri dziwani kuti pa mapangidwe mitundu Transitional ndi wapakatikati a makhalidwe pali inconstancy ena mu mapangidwe mayankho ochepetsera. Mu juveniles ndi khalidwe aakulu aukali anati chifooke kuzindikira kufunika zikuchitika mawu. gulu la olakwa amatchedwa Osamva. Ana, kupanda makhalidwe kwa ana ndi wosiyana ndi munthu wamkulu kuti juveniles kuchita popanda kuganizira zotsatira zake. Monga ulamuliro, iwo amakhala ndi chikakamizo mwadzidzidzi ndipo mwamsanga m'kupita anyamata iliyonse chinthu. N'chifukwa chake machitidwe a Kuthi ndi munthuyo wachita juveniles, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito njira yapadera ndi mosamala.

Modzikhulupirira khalidwe mawonekedwe kuchuluka emotionality malemeredwe predominance pa chopinga. katundu awa kumatheka pamene zinachitikira mwachindunji. Ikufotokoza choona kuti pang'ono ndi mosavuta kuposa achikulire, zipangizo chilakolako n'kosaloleka n'cholinga ntchito chiwawa. Kudzera kusanthula kupanda makhalidwe kwa ana, akatswiri a maganizo ambiri amatsatira zimene awo pa mfundo yakuti kulunjika ya ubongo zingakhudze mtundu wa chikwaniritso cha ntchito inayake. Komabe, chiwawa ndi akutumikira monga mawu ali, osati zili khalidwe kuchita oletsedwa. A chitsanzo chapadera cha, makamaka, atha kutumikira ngati upandu mpumulo pa onyenga.

Mmene kukula

Zaumbanda kupanda nthawi zambiri mwachindunji amadalira chikhalidwe cha unamwali. Mu nkhani iyi, sikuti zimaonekera kugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo ndi ubongo. Kulunjika pa unamwali Mzimuyo chikhalidwe ndi khalidwe la Minor. Izi zimaonekera makamaka pamene kuganizira zochita kungapondereze pa dera kugonana wovulalayo (kugwirira, etc.). Mu kuphunzira mbali zotengera malingaliridwe a upandu khalidwe mosalongosoka, m'pofunika kuganizira kuti chitukuko cha dongosolo akulu, dongosolo chigoba ndi mbali yaikulu pa kuzindikira za achinyamata mphamvu. juveniles ambiri amaona kunyada mu chikhalidwe chawo thupi, yesetsani kusonyeza mphamvu. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachititsa zochita ankhanza ndi achiwawa.

Zaumbanda kupanda: Kafukufuku

Pa nthawi yaitali kufufuza za moyo upandu akusonyeza ndi kuchuluka kwa zochita oletsedwa anachita ndi ana. Kukula kwa kupanda makhalidwe kwa ana anamuona pa zaka za USSR. Zotsatira akupitiriza lero. Pakali pano, ziwerengero za kupanda makhalidwe kwa ana ku Russia motere:

• 40% ya juveniles mlandu wa kuba;
• 13% - chifukwa cha kuba;
• 14% - chifukwa cha kuba;
• 5% - wakupha.

Total m'midzi maphunziro zili 12,7 zikwi. Anthu. Mu Russia, pali 3 mabungwe atsikana zaka 14-18. Malinga ndi latsopano Wachifwamba Code m'midzi maphunziro amaloledwa kutumiza anthu kwa zaka 20. Oposa 70% ya akaidi kutumikira ziganizo ndiribe maphunziro.

Zaumbanda kupanda ku Russia

M'zaka zapitazi ndi kuchuluka kwa zolakwa anachita ndi ana. Mu zaumbanda izi kupanda ikukula maulendo 7 mofulumira kuposa kusintha chonse cha anthu mu gulu m'badwo uwu. M'madera ena a ana chimatanthauza upandu vuto ambiri. Choncho, makamaka chitukuko cha achinyamata ndi upandu zaumbanda mu Murmansk ndi Sakhalin, Kemerovo, Kamchatka, Archangelsk zigawo. Kodi ana tikudzipereka aliyense lachitatu kuchita oletsedwa.

mfundo

Mu zaka zonse imene kupanda kuphunzira zaumbanda, ku Russia m'gulu mndandanda wa mayiko odzilamulira wa USSR kale, pamene iye anali apamwamba. Nthawi zambiri, anali kudziŵika kuti pakatha zaka 5 chinawonjezeka ndi 14-17%. Upandu zaumbanda kuyambira 1975 anali limodzi ndi kuchepetsa kapena kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwambiri mu chiwerengero cha gulu la anthu. Komabe, tinaonera akuchuluka cha zinthu zachiwawa ambiri mu dziko. Upandu kuphimba zigawo zonse za anthu, koma mu gulu mwana anali pafupifupi nthawi zonse tima kwambiri.

zolakwikazo anali anatinso mu nthawi amenewo pamene mokwanira nkhanza miyeso Chilango kwa ana akhala anayambitsa. M'zaka 1973-1984 kukula kwa mbiri mwana chigawenga patsogolo pa kuchuluka kwa lipoti milandu mu gulu ili. Chiwerengero cha ana m'ndende kwa mu nthawi mwachindunji wakhala kwambiri. Mu 1981-1985 gg. pachaka avareji amakhulupirira wakhala lalikulu la nthawi zonse pambuyo chosintha. Yokulirapo Kusintha kwa zotsatira zowerengera akhoza kupanga malekodi kachedwedwe. Chifukwa chonse cha kupunduka, osauka kudziwika zochita chosemphana ndi ana ntchito zenizeni pa 3-4 nthawi mwalamulo anasonyeza deta.

kuipa dongosolo

Mchitidwe kulimbana upandu zaumbanda amatsogolera osati chinyengo odziwika bwino pa chithunzi chifukwa zopindika ntchito kulembetsa, komanso lolakwika ndi zolakwika mfundo mlandu ndi okondwa ndi milandu pansi pa kufufuzidwa, komanso kuphedwa kwa chilango. Zokambirana pa zochita anachita ndi akugawanika zenizeni. . Ichi ndi chifukwa kusafuna wa Ofufuza zambiri kukhazikitsa gulu lonse upandu, nkhani kulankhulana, etc. Zochita likukhalira kuti kuba anachita popanda akatangale ananena ndi gunners, malingaliro - popanda kugula okonza osokoneza kuchita zofuna zawo, popanda opanga ndi ogulitsa, ndi zina zotero. zinthu zonsezi udindo kupotozedwa kwa chithunzi upandu. Kuchepetsa umbanda zaumbanda Choncho amapezeka chongopeka: amachepetsa chiwerengero cha anthu amene anachita a misinkhu yosiyanasiyana nawo iwo, ndi zina zotero.

prerequisites

Ndi zinthu criminological kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha kupanda mwa achinyamata monga:

1. kuchuluka kwa anthu mu gulu la ana.
2. Woyenda pang'onopang'ono kukhazikitsa kwa njira umalimbana kuwongolera zinthu umoyo wa mabanja.
3. Low khalidwe la moyo. Makamaka zimenezi zikugwira ntchito kwa mabanja akuluakulu ndi kholo limodzi.
4. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa amayi amene amayenera kugwira ntchito ndi kukhala ndi moyo, kulera ana.
5. Osakwanira nambala ya sukulu ya maphunziro komanso zamkaka.
6. Osauka gulu la mtchalitchi.

Komanso, kupanda makhalidwe kwa ana chinawonjezeka ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

1. zinthu osauka maphunziro m'banja.
2. Kupanda thandizo kwa makolo ndi aphunzitsi.
3. maphunziro osauka, kutsogolera ntchito yophunzitsa mabungwe.
4. Osauka ntchito a mabungwe onena milandu zaumbanda, mabungwe yazamalamulo.

Wachisoni zimakhudza nkhaniyi ndipo amapereka mwambo zingapo za mabungwe omwe si a boma, amene ntchito ayenera umalimbana kulimbikitsa ana a mabungwe, sukulu, makolo, apolisi, bwalo, milandu ndi kupewa kupanda makhalidwe kwa ana.

Njira zisinthe

Panopa, kupewa kupanda makhalidwe kwa ana umayendetsedwa ndi KDN. Commission cholinga kuonetsetsa mwachindunji mogwirizana kwa mbali zosiyanasiyana za dongosolo yazamalamulo. Komabe, mu kuchita, nthawi zambiri anaona ntchito osauka KDN. Zimenezi chifukwa chachikulu poyerekeza ndi buku la zochitika milandu. kupanga kukonzekera zoona mwachindunji zipangizo amapereka wina, zambiri osati sichingapatule kugwira ntchito zina, udindo wogwira ntchito za bungweli.

Kuti athetse vuto zofunika thupi wapadera antchito akatswiri chikhalidwe. maudindo awo zinthu kuthandiza mabanja. Antchito awa ndi kumacheza ndi ana kukula mu mabanja vuto, ana a ana amasiye. Kuyenera bwino mosavomerezeka tanthauzo la mtundu wa ntchito ngati zimenezi. Lero yapangidwa ndi muyika mumachitidwe ya miyeso zina. Iwo cholinga:

1. Kuti thanzi mwana, maganizo, thupi ndi maganizo ndi chikhalidwe chawo.
2. Malamulo Kugawilidwa kwanthaka wa ntchito za boma, anthu ndi banja angamulerere ana ngati malo apadera, napempha ubwino pazipita ndi ubwino poyerekeza ndi madera ena a zomangamanga chikhalidwe ndi waphindu.
3. Panthawi yake ndi zonse malipiro a imfa ya achinyamata anachititsa imfa ya makolo kapena sangathe banja.
4. Kuthetsa irresponsibility a boma ndi tsogolo la ana, nkhani ziwalo chinkhoswe mu maphunziro awo.
5. Polenga zinthu kuteteza, kusintha ndi kukhazikitsa angathe kulenga ndi ntchito ana.

miyeso yeniyeni

mfundo Public amapereka:

1. Polankhula mavuto kiyi zokhudzana kuthana ndi cholowa kuvutika, chonde kuchepa kwa nzika akudwala mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi uchidakwa, nthenda thupi ndi m'maganizo chitukuko. Mwa chimango ichi miyezo kuthetsa kungasokoneze mabanja yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala, kuphatikizapo zaumoyo, mankhwala, njira chilengedwe, kusintha kwa misonkhano umayi ndi zina zotero.
2. Chopanda malire ndi chofunikila Kugawilidwa kwanthaka chuma, kuthandizana banja sizingatheke ndipo ndithu moyenera, kutenga nkhani kufufuma ndi zochitika zina za chuma.
3. Mapangidwe ndi chitukuko cha ntchito thandizo, ali ogwira kwambiri oyenerera, zofunika pamoyo m'munsi. analenga ayenera limodzi ndi kuchepetsa munthawi yomweyo m'madipatimenti, makamaka Utumiki wa Mkati kapangidwe cholinga yoyendera ndi mabanja kulamulira.
4. Mapangidwe ndi luso, chuma ndi zinthu zina chifukwa okhudzidwa ndi mwadongosolo ana mu zotheka komanso analipira ntchito.

Pomaliza

Panopa vuto la kupanda makhalidwe kwa ana ndi yaikulu kwambiri. Kawirikawiri anatengedwa ndi anthu ndi boma la zochitika ndi osakwanira kwambiri vutoli. Komabe, pang'ono ndithu ntchito kale, ndipo anapereka chiwerengero cha zotsatira zabwino. miyeso yogwira zikutsatiridwa pa kusintha mogwirizana ndi zazing'ono pansi madera yophunzitsa ntchito. Kumene, kuti zinthu ziziyenda bwino komabe ayenera kuchita ntchito yopambana. Mu ichi co-ntchito ayenera kuchitidwa osati mwachindunji kwa ana okha, komanso ndi ndodo ya Akuluakulu abomawa, mabungwe yapachiweniweni anthu. Nthawi zambiri, pambuyo pa ubwana sindinu okondwa kwambiri, m'ndende, mayesero, m'ndende ndende malo wobwezera malawi koipa. Ufulu wa mlandu palibe amene amasamala. Mu madera chimodzimodzi kwa munthu kwa nthawi yoyamba, iwo kulabadira. Wobvala ndi kudyetsedwa. Iwo kugona mu chipinda ofunda. Ndipo ziribe kanthu momwe paradoxical zingamvekere, ndi moyo zabwinobwino.