Acid mvula: amachititsa mapangidwe

Acid mpweya (mvula) - mmodzi wa mawu, amene anayambitsa chifukwa cha mafakitale.

mpweya ndi asidi mvula yatsoka

Pakali pano, pali chitukuko mofulumira makampani: ndi ndalama za chuma lathuli, mafuta kuyaka, komanso chitukuko cha luso zachilengedwe wolakwika. Kubwerera ku kumabweretsa mpweya, madzi ndi malo. Chimodzi kotereku ali ndi asidi mpweya.

Lingaliro la asidi "mvula" anali woyamba kutchulidwa mu 1872, koma kugwirizana chake anagula mu theka lachiwiri la atumwi wotsiriza. Pa nthawi, asidi mvula - ndi vuto lalikulu m'mayiko ambiri padziko lonse (pafupifupi m'mayiko onse a ku Ulaya ndi ku United States). Ecologists apanga mvula mapu kuti limasonyeza m'madera ndi chiopsezo m'dambo oopsa.

mpweya woipa zili mu mlengalenga

Madzi a mvula amakhala ndi enaake a acidity. M'mikhalidwe wabwinobwino, index izi zogwirizana ndi msinkhu ndale wa pH (kuchokera 5,6 - 5,7 ndi apamwamba kwambiri). A acidity pang'ono ndi zotsatira mu mpweya wa mpweya. Komabe, kwambiri moti angathe kuti kuvutitsa zamoyo. Iwo likukhalira kuti zimayambitsa mvula asidi imakhudzana ndi zochita za anthu, zinthu zachilengedwe sindingakhoze kufotokoza izo.

Nthawi ya mvula asidi

The precipitate acidic anapanga chifukwa cha mpweya makampani yambiri oxides asafe ndi oxides sulfure.

Magwero a kuipitsa amenewa ndi matenthedwe mphamvu zomera, chitsulo ndi zitsulo yopanga ndi mpweya wa utsi wa magalimoto. kukonza luso ali ndi mlingo wochepa kwambiri fyuluta kuti salola asafe ndi sulfure mankhwala, chifukwa kuyaka wa peat, malasha ndi zipangizo zopangira ntchito mu makampani. Kamodzi mu mlengalenga, oxides kuphatikiza ndi madzi chifukwa cha zochita anachititsa ndi dzuwa. Pambuyo pake, iwo adzagwa ngati mvula, iwo amatchedwa "asidi mvula".

Zotsatira za mvula asidi

Asayansi amati asidi mvula ndi choopsa kwambiri kwa zomera, nyama ndi anthu. M'munsimu muli osavuta ngozi:

- mvula Izi kwambiri pa acidity wa madzi, ngati mtsinje, dziwe kapena mosungiramo. Chifukwa, pali kutha kwa zomera zachilengedwe ndi zomera. Topezeka amasintha Madamu, ndi blockage awo, waterlogging, kumaonjezera sliminess. Pambuyo kusintha madzi ndi osayenera ntchito anthu. Izo kumawonjezera chiwerengero cha salt heavy ndipo zosiyanasiyana mankhwala poizoni amene chosakanikirana ndi microflora wa posungira pa zinthu zachilendo.

- mvula Izi zili zotsatirapo za kutha kwa zomera ndi nkhalango kudzitsitsa. Conifers afika kwambiri. chakuti iwo kusinthidwa pang'onopang'ono masamba, ndipo zilibe kuwapatsa mpata kudzimvera achire mvula acid. nkhalango Young komanso timakhala ndondomeko imeneyi, ndi khalidwe lawo mofulumira zimachepa. Kugwiritsa chitayiko misa kumabweretsa nkhalango.

- Ku Ulaya ndi US asidi mvula - chifukwa chachikulu yokolola osauka, komanso kutha kwa mbewu ulimi m'minda. Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka chagona pa kukhudzana zonse mvula, komanso kuphwanya mineralization nthaka.

- kamangidwe zipilala, nyumba zosiyanasiyana ndi zomangidwa kuvutika chifukwa mvula acid. Chifukwa cha zodabwitsazi ndi ndondomeko dzimbiri ndi inapita patsogolo kwambiri, zimagwirira ndithu.

- Nthawi zina, asidi mvula zoipa mpaka kalekale kwa anthu ndi nyama. Pamene muli madera kuchuluka ngozi, iwo anayamba kusokoneza chapamwamba kupuma matenda thirakiti. Ngati akupitiriza, posakhalitsa monga mpweya adzagwa nitrate ndipo akakhala mopambanitsa asidi ndende. Pankhaniyi, kuopseza ya anthu kwambiri kuchuluka.

polimbana mvula asidi

Kumene, sapita ndi chikhalidwe - yovuta kwambiri fallout lapansi. Akuponya kunja mminda ndi zina zazikulu, asidi mvula umawononga sizingasinthe, ndi njira wololera kuti vutoli kulibe. Ndi wina ndithu m'pofunika kuchotsa osati zotsatira zawo, ndipo zimayambitsa. Kupewa mapangidwe mvula asidi, muyenera zonse akwaniritse chiwerengero cha malamulo: ndi wochezeka komanso otetezeka mayendedwe msewu, njira kuyeretsa wapadera mpweya, umisiri watsopano kupanga magwero zina za mphamvu komanso kupanga zina.

Anthu salinso kuyamikira zimene ali nazo. Tonse ntchito zinthu zopanda malire a dziko lathuli, kuipitsa ndi sindikufuna kuvomereza zotsatirapo zake. Ndipo ntchito za anthu Earth kuti okhumudwa. Ichi ndi choopsa kwambiri, chifukwa ngati ife musayambe wosamalira dziko lanu, zotsatira adzakhala zoopsa.