Akale mpingo wa St. Nicholas mu Lipno. History of pomanga

Mpingo wa St. Nicholas mu Lipno anabisala pa phiri laling'ono la chilumba kwabasi kwa Nyanja Ilmen. Malowa ali pamtunda pomwe m'kamwa mwa mtsinje wotchedwa MSTA. Place ili 8 Km from mzinda wa Novgorod Wamkulu. Mpingo Orthodox, anamanga kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XIII, ndi chipilala cha zomangamanga mwala. guwa lake mkulu anali opatulidwira polemekeza Nikolaya Mirlikiyskogo, ndi malire - m'dzina la St. Clement.

Mpingo wa St. Nicholas mu Lipno ku Novgorod

Malinga ndi mbiri yakale, kachisi izi zazikulu inamangidwa 1292 (izo analamulidwa kutero, bishopu Novgorodskiy Kliment). Kuyambira ndi zogwirizana nkhani zodabwitsa kwambiri.

Mu 1114 woyera Prince Mstislav analamula kuika mpingo ku St. Nicholas amayamikira machiritso. Kodi mukukumbukira nkhani, kamodzi kalonga anagonjetsa matenda aakulu, ndipo zinali zovuta kupempha thandizo dzina Wonderworker. Ndipo limodzi la masiku awa kalonga anali masomphenya adawonekera kwa iye yekha , St. Nicholas ndi Wonderworker, amene analamula atumiki ake kuti apite ku Kiev chifukwa cha mafano ake, iye ananena kuti maonekedwe ake ndi muyeso.

chizindikiro mozizwitsa

Kamodzi mu ngalawa, nthumwizo anapita ilmenite, koma mwamsanga pamene iwo anafika ku chilumba Lipno, iwo anali womangidwa kwa masiku anayi, ndi mphepo yamkuntho. Ndiyeno pa madzi, anapeza chizindikiro pa bolodi ozungulira, kumene Nikolay Chudotvorets anafaniziridwa. Iye anaona m'masomphenya ake a Prince Mstislav, ndi kuti iye tidapita kwa iwo Kiev kwambiri. Amithenga yomweyo anamutengera Veliky Novgorod mwachindunji kalonga, yemwe ndi pemphero kumupsompsona ndipo muli chozizwitsa cha machiritso.

Pa malo maonekedwe a chizindikirochi inamangidwa obisika, amene anali kachisi waukulu wa mpingo woyamba wa matabwa a St. Nicholas, ndiyeno mwala woyera.

kachisi Zomangamanga

Mapulani uyenera kugwira ntchito, limafotokoza kwambiri pa chimodzi cha mipingo otsiriza chisanadze Mongol nthawi, amene ankatchedwa "Mpingo wa Kubadwa kwa Yesu Peryn Chapel". Anakhala Novgorod mfundo processing Smolensk zomangamanga. Amenewa amanena za chetyrehstolpny lalikulu, krestokupolny, odnoabsidny, mpingo ozungulira, koma kwambiri kukodzedwa (10x10), zomwe kukongoletsa masamba pano pa ngodya ya wapakamwa atatu-bladed.

Mu maonekedwe ake woyambirira pamakoma si pulasitala makoma inkakhala miyala ya laimu ndi miyala ya laimu wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi makulidwe. Zenera Chipilala anali chokongoletsedwa lofanana mbali zonse za njerwa, kokha mdima. Zinali luso lamakono panthawi imeneyo (asanayambe yopangidwa ndi zisulo ena: anajambulapo ndi plinths).

Pamwamba pa izi, kachisi chokongoletsedwa ndi niches ang'ono ndi mitanda mpumulo pa chipata kumadzulo pakhomo kagawo kakang'ono ndi frescoes.

M'tsinde mwa mzikiti pa pamwamba pa ng'oma, ndi pamwamba pa nsidze ndi mazenera ochepera atatu tsamba ndondomeko zikhoza kuganiziridwa arkaturnye lamba, malinga ndi ofufuza, ndi Anzawo akupezeka mu zomangamanga Roman-Gothic Livonia.

Mpingo wa St. Nicholas mu Lipno pafupi Novgorod (1292)

Mukamaliza onse kachisi zomangamanga ntchito, anayamba kujambula frescoes, osati kunja komanso internally.

Amadziwika kuti penapake cha m'ma XIX, chithunzicho G. Filimonov umboni ndi panokha sketched zojambula onse pa khoma kum'mawa, basi pakati pa masamba phewa ndi apse, semicircular projecting gawo la mpingo. Ndipo anali zikuchokera mu mawonekedwe a fano la Amayi a Mulungu ndi Mpulumutsi, atetezedwe visors wapadera.

Mpingo komanso zinamangidwa yomweyo kuchepetsa Bishopu a Novgorod Clement.

Mu 1528, bishopu Makarios cenobitic hayala kumene kunachitika Lipno obisika.

kuda mbiri

Mpingo wa St. Nicholas mu Lipno anali utoto frescoes mu nyengo ya 1293-94 gg. Ngakhale kuchotsa khoma 1930, frescoes bwino anasunga ankagwidwa, mmodzi amene - zikuchokera "The Annunciation" unali pa zipilala kum'mawa.

Obisika nkomwe bwanji Swedish yogwiritsa ntchito zaka 1611-1617.

Ndi 1763, chiwerengero mu obisika kuti: refectory mpingo wa Sergiya Radonezhskogo, ndi Woyera Utatu, mpingo mwala wa St. Nicholas, ndi abbot wa mbewu ziwiri, Anachotsa matabwa belu nsanja 5 mabelu ndi mpanda matabwa.

Koma kenako osati zabwino za nthawi: mu 1764 agulupa linathetsedwa ndipo anatumizidwa ku obisika Skovorodsky. Pafupifupi nyumba onse ankaiphwasula pa njerwa. Onse a nyumba za mpingo wa St. Nicholas mu Lipno m'zaka za m'ma XIX kenako lawola nadza ku chiwonongeko chotheratu. misonkhano Mulungu inachitika kumeneko kawirikawiri.

Pambuyo ulimi mu 1917 chifukwa cha mtunda m'kachisi wa mzinda ndi onse chatsekedwa, ndi kumanga mpingo kwambiri kuonongeka ndi ichi. Anachotsa belu nsanja anali anagwetsa.

World nkhondo II

Pa World Chachiwiri pano pa chilumbachi, obisika inali mumtengomo wa asilikali Soviet, kotero Germany, amene adayima 6 Km from pano, chinaperekedwa kwa shelling zonse malowa. mpingo pang'ono kuwonongedwa:% 65 okha anapulumuka zomangamanga.

N'zosadabwitsa kuti ntchito zobwezeretsa pa frescoes anali ikuchitika mu 1945, ndipo mu 1954-56 kachisi pambuyo kubwezeretsa yaikulu ya maonekedwe wapachiyambi limzake.

Today, kumene mpingo wa St. Nicholas mu Lipno - malo otetezedwa, ndi anthu bwana okalamba ndi okhwima kwambiri, pamodzi ndi banja lake.

Mwa njira, kuti mudzafike kuno si mophweka. vuto ndi kachisi wa St. Nicholas palibe misewu, palibe limasonyeza zonse zoyendera. alendo chidwi zambiri kufika kwa icho mwina bwato kapena pa bwato kapena pa zipangizo wapansi pa ayezi m'nyengo yozizira, pamene atapanga mtsinje komanso nyanja.