Ilmen (nyanja): zosangalatsa, nsomba ndi ndemanga

Mu kumpoto, kumadzulo kwa East European Plain, mwagona lodziwika bwino ndi kwabasi Nyanja Ilmen. Novgorod dera, dera la kumadzulo umene ukutchulidwa, kumalire a Pskov ndi Tver dziko ndi kukhala wokongola alendo, asodzi ndi alenje. Kupitiriza chidwi mu dziwe ndi chimathandiza wake ena epic, chifukwa amatchula zimenezi zimapezeka mu mbiri ambiri maumboni, nthano zambiri analemba. Ife sitikhala wofufuza mbiri ya dzina madzi m'thupi, pali zambiri Mabaibulo osiyanasiyana, ndipo palibe sichinayambe kutsimikiziridwa momveka. M'mipukutu yakale mpaka m'ma 16, nyanja amatchedwa kuti Ilmer, amene anawamasulira kuchokera Chifinishi kudalirana "ilm" ndi Asilavo "Eph" amatanthauza "nyanja amalenga nyengo." Ili m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia m'mayiko a Novgorod ochuluka mu zochitika za mbiri ya dziko, izo adalenga aura chinsinsi ndi mobisa kuti akadali lozungulira nyanja ndipo amayambitsa chidwi alendo athu, choncho wachikondi Novgorod. Nyanja Ilmen, nthawi zonse zamatsenga ndi wowolowa manja, kwenikweni kuchilingalira.

Pearl Novgorod Land

Mbiri yakale, matupi waukulu wa madzi - mitsinje ndi nyanja - ali kale ndi chitetezo kwa anthu ambiri, kupereka chakudya, kuchirikiza moyo, kuteteza ndi mavuto. Anali nazonso Ilmen Lake, lomwe lili pa njira wotchuka "ku Scandinavia kwa Agiriki" ndipo amakhala malonda madzi mtsempha wamagazi yolumikiza North ndi South Russia ndi Baltic States ndi Scandinavia - ndi Byzantium. Kuyambira kale, yakhala pamodzi mafuko m'mphepete mwake yosiyanasiyana ya Baltic Finns ndi Balts. Chitukuko chachikulu wa kugombe la posungira ndi Asilavo anayamba m'zaka za m'ma, umboni ndi ambiri akatswiri a zinthu zakale: n'chodabwitsa ndi midzi yake. Nyanja Ilmen (mzinda, amene anakulira m'mphepete mwake - izi ndi ufulu kukoma Novgorod) amatchulidwa "nthano ya makedzana Zaka", chojambulidwa cha m'ma akhumi.

Wapadera zachilengedwe dziwe, kumaliza dazeni loyamba la nyanja yaikulu Russian kukula, amadziwikanso kuti zochititsa kuti palibe sangathe kudzitama. Dontho la madzi pa madzi osefukira ukufika mamita 7, ndi kuwonjezeka mu dera padziko ndi chinawonjezeka ndi 3 zina.

Zimenezi n'zomveka makhwawa ambiri mitsinje 40 ndi mitsinje amadyetsedwa mosungiramo akuya ochepa a 3.5-4 mamita (pazipita 10 m). Kukula chidwi a nyanja kutalika 45 ndipo m'lifupi mwake 35 Km ndi kupanda zilumba munthu Kubala zazikulu galasi-yosalala pamwamba, anasiya kaja ndi kulenga Musamadzinamize wa aakulu a nyanja, kuwonjezeka phokoso la mafunde pa mkulu kum'mwera kumadzulo gombe. Palibe zodabwitsa olemba anamutcha Moyskim ndiyeno nyanja Chisiloveniya. Komabe, alendo kufika kuno kwa nthawi yoyamba, m'pofunika kudziwa maonekedwe a nyanja lodabwitsa ili, lomwe lili ndi khalidwe lovuta.

Zichiwembu Moyskogo nyanja

Ilmen Nyanja pa mapu a Russia kupeza chithunzithunzi. Wokwanira omasuka zigwa malo, pang'ono choposa mlingo wa nyanja (18.1 m), ndi kuzama yaing'ono sizidzakupulumutsani zinthu, ngati pali mkuntho, m'mene mu malo awa kuchenjerera wapadera. Monga kupanda zilumba, ntchito monga cholepheretsa madzi ena, apa akupereka mwayi kuyendayenda mafunde. mafunde mkuntho kufika mamita awiri, ndi interspersed ndi waufupi kwambiri, amatha m'posavuta bwato kapena bwato. Amphamvu mkuntho Ilmen akhala nthawi zonse, mu mbiri za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu akufotokozedwa ndi mphepo yoopsa kumene kunachitika mu 1471, zotsatira za umene unali kwambiri zapamadzi olowa amene mitembo masiku ano ofukula m'madzi mukusaka pansi.

Koma musadandaule kudzafika malo ano alendo. mvula ya mkuntho - chodabwitsa zina, koma asanapite kukayenda kapena kusodza ayenera fufuzani Mapa ndi maganizo abwino a atsogoleri omwe mukudziwa nyanja yawo Ilmen. Novgorod chigawo, mpumulo kuti limodzi anati thupi la madzi, akhala anapambana kuzindikira asodzi bwino m'banja.

pagombe

Nyanja m'Chigwa malo limanenedwa ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja mtunda, makamaka wapangidwa madambo otsika kunama, ndi m'madera ena ku gombe la ankadziwana ndi zambiri zilumba lathyathyathya floodplain ndi ngalande. Kudera m'mphepete mwa nyanja mbali kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa nyanja ndi otsika, elongated zitunda, interspersed ndi zigwa, lowe kum'mwera kugombe. Kwenikweni dziwe wazungulira mwachilungamo lathyathyathya mtunda. Koma Ilmen sizikanakhala chachinsinsi chozizwitsa nyanja, ngati icho chinali anatiuza chidwi mbiri yakale komanso ofukula zinthu zakale mawonedwe Glint. Izi phompho panja, Chigawo 15 mamita ndi kutalika 8 Km, inali pakati pa midzi Korosten ndi Heath. Amazipanga malo okongola, ndi kuwakantha: miyala ya laimu phiri lalitali, amene mwamtundu pamene akukhala umboni wa nthawi yakale amanditenga mafani ndipo amapereka kutsegula wasayansi. Mu zigawo wandiweyani anajambulapo anapeza mafupawa ambiri a nyama ndi zomera wakale.

nyanja madzi

peat Natural kupereka madzi zonyansa ilmenite mithunzi brownish, koma ungwiro wake pa nyanja pamalo okwera. Zoposa makumi asanu za mitsinje kuti kudyetsa izo, musalole madzi stagnate, ndipo pa miyezi 1.5-2 chifukwa cha kufalitsa lachibadwa kusinthidwa bwinobwino. Zonse kayendedwe umayenda chidwi bathers, monga kutentha m'madera kuya lalikulu ngakhale kutentha kawirikawiri kuposa +20 ° C. Komabe, asodzi mfundo imeneyi kwambiri chabe wodala, chifukwa wangayo ndi kusintha madzi si kulenga stagnation, mwangwiro osabwereranso kumeneko mpaka zitanyowetsa madzi ndi mpweya, ndi nsomba akufotokozera bwino, yokondweretsa nsomba.

Kuyankhula za khalidwe la madzi, osanenapo chimodzimodzi chimene mtsinje ladzala ndi Ilmen nyanja, nsomba zomwe moona achifumu. Shelon, Paulo, MSTA, Lovat, Vergot, Veryazha, Krupka, Psizha ndi mitsempha zina zambiri Ilmen kukhala zabwino kwambiri za madzi.

Mtsinje moyo pesto

Lililonse mtsinje umene madzi ake akuyenda mu Ilmen Lake, muli kugawanika kotereku kumachitika ndi maenje, umene uli wabwino Pike, nsomba, mlamba, bream, chub, Pike. Pa confluence a Lovat, simenti ndi Vergoti zambiri agwidwe ndi zinthu yekha. Ambiri kumtunda nyanja, mitsinje kulankhulana ndi ducts wa, - malo achilengedwe spawning, kumene kuchuluka kwa nsomba wamng'ono kukopa adani. Lovat kutalika makilomita 530, chifukwa cha Chibelarusi Nyanja Lovatets umadutsa malo dongosolo ting'onoting'ono Pskov zigawo Novgorod. Capricious mtsinje njira ali tortuous, Madzi kwinakwake kufika eyiti mozama, ndi sandbars kupanga pamakomo, ndi mathamangidwe otaya zimasiyana. m'lifupi avareji 70 m, pa confluence a Ilmen - 220 m.

nyanja chuma, nyengo kulenga

Ancient mafuko Asilavo kukhazikika mu mphepete Ilmen anaitcha "mgodi wa golidi" kwa nsomba wolemera. Masiku ano, ndi wokongola beneaped poyerekeza ndi anthu akale nthawi nyanja akadali osangalala zidzasintha nsomba. Umapezeka pafupifupi 40 ya nsomba madzi oyera: Pike, nsomba, mlamba, bream, buluu bream, burbot, roach, sabrefish, sizidzasintha.

Usodzi uli mmwazi, nsomba nsomba zonse: ana ndi akulu, Amateurs ndi munda akatswiri ntchito. Usodzi, yobwereka zida, luso ndi nyumba alendo kukhala ndithu bizinezi Priilmenye okhala m'midzi, kuthandiza kupulumuka mu zovuta zamavuto okhazikika.

nsomba

Ukuyenda chuma wolemera nsomba Ilmen Nyanja chachikulu tchuthi kopita. Amodzi mwa malo otchuka kwambiri nsomba - m'mudzi Vzvad ili zosiyana banki ya Novgorod ndi amatchulidwa m'masiku a atumwi akhumi ngati malo kusaka a kalonga kusodza. Pakali pano, ukugwira mbewu "Red msodzi", choncho chiyambi cha maulendo ambiri ilmenite. Iwo amati nsomba ndi kuluma on Lake kulikonse. Kugunda ndi zikho kukolola kuchokera mu kuya kwa kuwolowa manja wolemekezekayu yaikulu kwambiri mu gawo European la Russia dziwe.

Organization za mitundu yonse nsomba kusangalala zodutsa pa Ilmen chinkhoswe mu zapansi oposa khumi, atathana ndi panyanja, ndi magulu a chitonthozo, ulamuliro zikuluzikulu zomwe ndi wamakhalidwe alendo kopita. Mwaluso ndipo mwamsanga kuthetsedwa vuto la moyo ndi asodzi zamasewela n'zotheka kupereka chizolowezi ngati kuli kotheka. Ubwino waukulu wa dislocation mu malo zosangalatsa - kupereka ntchito kalozera, wodziwa ndi ozindikira anatha kupereka nsomba njira yabwino, kuti malangizo pa njira yabwino nsomba, kuthandiza posankha nyambo yoyenera ndiponso kuuza anthu ena za intricacies mlanduwo.

Pamaso pa zapansi wa zida zina zofunika ndi njira luso - chinthu chofunika nsomba bwino. Kumene, pa maulendo ambiri Ilmen, kusankha anatsimikiza ndi zipangizo luso. Ngati pali bwato ndi injini wabwino mumagwiritsa ntchito mtunda wautali, zikuoneka kuti malo ena zingamuthandize.

Nyanja Ilmen, nsomba zomwe zimabweretsa ndi wosangalala kwambiri chaka chonse amatenga okonda, apa ndiye wabwino monga chilimwe ndi chisanu nsomba.

yozizira nsomba

Zima nsomba ambiri kukhala kwambiri chidwi, otetezeka ndi omasuka. Ice pa Ilmen pa mapeto a November, ndipo anatsegula pa mapeto a April.

Ice nsomba Ilmen - chidwi chizolowezi. Ngati ndikuganiza nyengo, nthawi ndi zinthu nsomba kungakhale kwa makilogalamu khumi. Kumayambiriro March - ndi nthawi ya kusodza kwambiri zochepa. nsomba adzakhala adamulowetsa pamene ayezi umakhala porous, padzakhala thawed, ndi madzi nyanja ladzala ndi oxygen.

Yaikulu mosungiramo m'dera saphunzira ndi kufufuza palokha. Choncho, kupewa kukhumudwa, m'pofunika kapena kukonzekera ndi kufufuza zambiri pa zimachititsa chilumbachi, malo oimika magalimoto komanso makamaka nsomba kugwira, kapena tipezekemo thandizo la akatswiri odziŵa, anzawo kapena atsogoleri, amene kupereka zosangalatsa. Ilmen Nyanja m'nyengo yozizira - ndi lalikulu malo lotseguka, ndi njira kudutsa ayezi kwa malo awo Olonjezedwa bwino kuthana ndi pamthuthuthu. Mkulu-liwiro pofuna bwino, kulola kupita hummocks kuzungulira ndi thawed, komanso kuchepetsa kusaka nthawi ndi kupitiriza kusangalala ayezi nsomba ndi kusangalala kukongola kwa malo amenewa.

kusaka

Alenje, kamodzi anapita malo awa, adamthamangira za kuchuluka yaikulu masewera, lomwe likupezeka mu m'madambo ndi nkhalango padziko Ilmen. Kukonderera wokongola zipatso yophukira kusaka mallard ndi modzaza kapena njira boti. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa, chifukwa chakudya ndi opondapo: njira zambiri ndi nyanja yaing'ono, m'madera ambiri bango, malo yabwino kukaikira mazira ndi ana.

Pa chigumula madambo ambiri chithaphwi mbalame: snipe, corncrake, snipe. Pakuti okonda kusaka ndi gundog ndi zoona zosangalatsa. Pa pangano kuyambirira ndi m'dera magulu kusaka kasamalidwe apite pa mbawala ndi Boar zakutchire.

Masulani pa Ilmen

Kutchuka kuwonjezeka lero kupeza nsomba zosangalatsa. Wamkulu Ilmen nyanja atazungulira nkhalango zodabwitsa, chakumwa mpweya ndi mbalame zikuimba - zonsezi, pamodzi ndi chiyembekezo chodabwitsa nsomba Pike amakopa alendo zambiri. A utumiki waukulu, malo yabwino ndi kupereka pazipita chitonthozo ndi nthawi zonse zilipo alendo. chiwerengero cha anthu amene afuna kukaona malo awa zamatsenga ikukula chaka ndi chaka. Osati nsomba amakopeka khamu la alendo, ngakhale atsogoleri odziwa ndi woyang'anira nthawi zonse kupereka njirazo bwino ndi kuonetsetsa ziwayendere bwino.

Base, ili kunyanja, amapereka osiyanasiyana ntchito zosangalatsa yogwira kusangalala:

• yabwino ndi omasuka kunyumba kwa moyo;
• landscaped m'dera;
• kusamba;
• ola kulondera magalimoto m'dera;
• yabwino afunika;
• yobwereka maboti utumiki ndi maboti;
• kupereka ntchito snowmobiles.

The malangizo chachikulu cha kamangidwe ka zosangalatsa pa siteji koyamba chinali choti mayiko pazipita kwa kuyendera anglers. Koma ndodo ya malonda kuchereza alendo akuchita zonse zotheka kuti kusiyanitsa zina likhale wosaiwalika kaya ndi nsomba, kusaka nyama banja ndiponso tchuthi wochezeka kapena chochitika amapeza. Aliyense alendo adzatha kusankha mtundu wa tchuthi kuti akanati anam'chonderera.

yopuma aliyense amakhala osangalatsa kwambiri pamene onse zosamalira banja adzatenge zosangalatsa. Ilmen nyanja - bwato lino maulendo ndi maulendo m'chilimwe - madzi kutsetsereka m'nyengo yozizira - ulendo chidwi pa snowmobiles. Amalandira kanthu za holidaymakers pano zinthu kuphika pa moto yoperekedwa grills ndi smokehouses. Wopambana anglers ndi alenje angasunge zikho zawo m'zipinda ozizira.

Pa Nyanja Ilmen, simungathe nako yopuma kwambiri, kukonza nsomba kwambiri, komanso thanzi lawo. Mu nkhokwe ya zatsiku ndi nyumba yogonamo ndi masiku okonzeka zipinda, kupereka physiotherapy, kulimbitsa thupi ndi maganizo, bwino chitetezo chokwanira ndi akukhudzidwira thupi kamvekedwe. Ngati n'koyenera, apaulendo Amawapatsa zing'onozing'ono ndi maiwe kusambira, mipata yaikulu magalimoto. The payekha gawo adzadzipereka ntchito malawi mu njira yosafuna zambiri.

Ilmen nyanja, zosangalatsa nsomba - mfundo izi kuti anthu ambiri amene chaka chilichonse kukaona malo awa, ophatikizidwa. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa - atakhala pano kamodzi, sikutheka kuti adzaiwala ukulu wa nyanja Chisiloveniya ndi ubwino wake ndi kukongola. Nyanja Ilmen, kumene inu angaiwale za yotopetsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku, m'mawa kuviika mu madzi Krustalo, kukoka mpweya kwambiri zoledzeretsa ndi kugwira nsomba, amapereka chimwemwe chodabwitsa ndi kubwezeretsa mtendere wa mumtima.