Alexander Solzhenitsyn: mankhwala, kufotokoza mwachidule

Mmodzi wa olemba XX atumwi, amene ntchito yake lero ndi chidwi makamaka ofufuza, ndi Alexander Solzhenitsyn. Ntchito mwa wolemba izi ziyesedwa makamaka mbali umoyo ndale. Analysis ntchito za Solzhenitsyn - mutu wa nkhaniyi.

mabuku nkhani

zilandiridwenso Solzhenitsyn a - ndi mbiri ya Gulag Archipelago. The peculiarity a mabuku ake ndi mu chifaniziro cha munthu amenyane ndi magulu oipa. Alexander Solzhenitsyn - munthu amene anapita pa nkhondoyo, koma mapeto iye anamangidwa chifukwa "woukira boma." Analota ntchito mabuku ndipo ankafuna kufufuza kutali zedi mbiri ya zinthu zisinthe, chifukwa izo ziri pano anafuna kudzoza. Koma moyo anaponya anthu ake ena. Prisons m'ndende, ukapolo ndi matenda osachiritsika. Ndiye kuchiritsa kozizwitsa, dziko kutchuka. Ndipo potsiriza - ndi anamuponya kunja kwa Soviet Union.

Choncho, kodi Solzhenitsyn analemba? Ntchito za wolemba - kutali kudzimvera kusintha. Ndipo kwapatsidwa kokha pamene pali chachikulu m'moyo ndi chikhalidwe mkulu mlingo. wolemba ndi nthawi pang'ono moyo. Iye ankawoneka kuti anali kuona kuti ndi anthu ena angapo distantly.

Alexander Solzhenitsyn yafika nthawi. Anaona dziko, kudziwa kuti munthu ali ndi mwayi pang'ono kufa, mwakuthupi ndiponso mwauzimu. Iye anapulumuka. Komanso, tingathe kuonetsa ntchito zake. Chifukwa cha wolemera ndi osowa mabuku zolembalemba mphatso kukhala chuma cha anthu Russian, amene Solzhenitsyn anapanga.

ntchito

mndandanda chikuphatikizapo mabuku awa, novellas ndi nkhani yochepa:

• "Tsiku lina Ivana Denisovicha."
• "Matryona".
• "Zochitika pa Kochetkova siteshoni."
• "Zakhar Kalita".
• "Ana".
• "Mulimonsemo."
• "The Gulag Archipelago."
• "The Circle Choyamba".

Isanafike buku loyamba ntchito zake zaka zoposa khumi ntchito mabuku a Solzhenitsyn. ntchito tatchulazi - gawo chabe la cholowa chake. Koma mabuku awa ayenera kuwerenga kwa munthu aliyense amene Russian ndi m'chinenero chawo. Mitu ntchito za Solzhenitsyn si lolunjika pa zoopsa za moyo msasa. wolemba, ngati wina aliyense mu XX atumwi, ankatha kusonyeza weniweni Russian khalidwe. Khalidwe, akumenya kukana ake zochokera ena achilengedwe ndiponso kumvetsa moyo.

A tsiku mu moyo wa mkaidi

Mumsasa lathu linali pafupi ndi munthu Soviet. Kwambiri wokhala mmenemo kuti analetsedwa kukambirana. Komanso, ngakhale pambuyo 1953 sanalole mantha kulankhula za ngozi imene inachitika banja lililonse lachitatu. Zojambula Solzhenitsyn a "Tsiku lina mu Ivana Denisovicha" wabweretsa kwa anthu mwakhama ena, linapanga m'misasa. Mu Tsononthawi munthu kunapezeka kuti palibe, iye sayenera kuiwala ulemerero wake. Shukhov - ndi ngwazi za nkhani Solzhenitsyn - pamsasa uliwonse tsiku amoyo ndi kuyesera kuti apulumuke. Koma mawu a wandende akale, iye anamva chaka cha forte-wachitatu, kumizidwa mu moyo "Amwalira amene malawi mbale."

Solzhenitsyn nkhaniyo Chili mfundo ziwiri za view: wolemba ndi ngwazi. Iwo sali ayi. Iwo ali nako mfundo wamba. Kusiyana iwo - mlingo wa generality ndi kupingasa zakuthupi. Kukwaniritsa zosiyanasiyana maganizo a ngwazi ndi wolemba maganizo amalephera Solzhenitsyn mwa njira stylistic.

"Ivana Denisovicha," wolemba anabwerera mabuku losavuta Russian wamba. ngwazi Solzhenitsyn amakhala, kudalira nzeru yosavuta wowerengeka, popanda kuganizira kwambiri kuposa zofunika, ndi kusachita refleksiruya.

Ndi Ivan Denisovich sanakhale owerenga osayanjanitsika la "New World" magazini zolembalemba. Publication nkhani opangidwa kumveka anthu. Koma ife tisanafike kwa masamba a magaziniyo, izo zimayenera anadutsa njira yovuta. Apanso, chikhalidwe yosavuta ya Russian anapambana. wolemba yekha ntchito zake autobiographical ankanena kuti "Ivan Denisovich" anali kulisindikiza, chifukwa mkonzi wamkulu wa "New World" sanali wina kuposa munthu wa anthu - dzina lake Aleksandr Tvardovsky. Ndi kutsutsa chachikulu cha dziko - Nikita Khrushchev - chidwi ". Msasa moyo mwa maso a munthu wamba"

wolungama Matrona

Sungani mtundu wa zinthu zimene muli zochepa kumvetsa, chikondi, kusadziona kukhala wopambana ena ... Uyu ndi vuto analankhula ndi ntchito za Solzhenitsyn a "Matryona". The heroine wa nkhaniyi - wosungulumwa mkazi, sanamvetsedwe ndi mwamuna wake, stepdaughter, oyandikana nawo amene ankakhala limodzi kwa zaka pafupifupi. Matrona osati anapeza chuma, koma ntchito kwaulere pa ena. Sakugwira kubisa aliyense anakwiya ndipo ankaoneka kuti kuona zoipa zonse zimene zimazunzitsa moyo wa anansi ake. Ndi anthu ngati Matrona, mu maganizo a mwini, ndi kusunga mudzi ndi mudzi ndi malo athu onse.

kulemba nkhani

Pambuyo ukapolo, Solzhenitsyn anakhalako zaka pafupifupi chaka m'mudzi wina. Iye anagwira ntchito ngati mphunzitsi. Ine lendi chipinda ku m'dzikoli, amene anakhala zinachitika wa heroine a "Matryona" nkhani. Nkhani inafalitsidwa mu 1963. ntchitoyo wofunika kwambiri owerenga ndi otsutsa. mkonzi wamkulu wa "New World" ndi A. Twardowski ananena kuti osaphunzira ndi losavuta mkazi wotchedwa Matrona udachita chidwi owerenga chifukwa dziko ake chauzimu.

Mu Soviet Union, nkhani zonse ziwiri kufalitsa Solzhenitsyn. Ntchito za "The Circle Choyamba", "The Gulag Archipelago" linasindikizidwa kwa nthawi yoyamba mu West.

kafukufuku luso

Mu ntchito yake Solzhenitsyn ophatikizana kuphunzira zenizeni ndi njira wolemba. Ntchito pa "The Gulag Archipelago", umboni anthu oposa mazana awiri ntchito Solzhenitsyn. Ntchito za moyo msasa ndi anthu sharashka zochokera osati mmene iwo. Akuwerenga buku "The Gulag Archipelago" nthawizina sindikumvetsa icho chiri - mogometsa kapena ntchito sayansi? Koma ziwerengero mwina chifukwa cha phunziroli. zokumana nazo yekha ndi nkhani ya abwenzi analola Solzhenitsyn kuti afotokoze nkhani zonse anali anasonkhana.

The m'maganizo a buku la

"The Gulag Archipelago" linapangidwa ndi mabuku atatu. Aliyense wolemba akupereka nthawi zosiyana mu mbiriyakale m'misasa. Pa chitsanzo cha milandu munthu, onani amangidwe luso pofufuza. Kudziŵa zimene bungwe ndodo ntchito mu Lubyanka, chodabwitsa. Koti munthu zimene anachita, akuluakulu chitetezo anapanga mndandanda wa mwai zovuta.

wolemba zimapangitsa wowerenga amaona pa malo a msasa wandende. Buku "The Gulag Archipelago" - chinsinsi chimene amakopeka chimakakamiza. Ankadziwa kuwerenga maganizo anthu, ziwalo mwamantha ndi mantha, ndipamene owerenga kupirira chidani cha ulamuliro wankhanza mu mawonekedwe ake onse.

Man kutembenukira mu con ndi, amaiwala za makhalidwe abwino, ndale zokongoletsa mfundo. cholinga chimodzi chokha - kupulumuka. Makamaka n'chakuti kusintha psyche wa mkaidi, analeredwa n'zosatheka, maganizo odzikuzawo wa malo ake anthu. Nkhanza ndi wachinyengo kukhala anthu kuli kovuta dziko, osati kuti iye - ndiye kuswa inanditsekereza kosatha.

Mu mobisa zolembalemba

Kwa zaka zambiri, Solzhenitsyn analenga ntchito zake, kenako kuwotchedwa. The zili m'mipukutu anawononga kusungidwa okha kukumbukira wake. lothandiza zinthu mobisa kwa wolemba, monga Solzhenitsyn, kwagona kuti wolemba chachoka ku mphamvu ya censors ndi akonzi. Koma patapita zaka khumi ndi awiri a nkhani mosalekeza kulemba lalifupi komanso mabuku amene anatsalira mayina, kopanda ntchito inayambika kupotokola iye. Leo Tolstoy ina ananena kuti wolemba sayenera kusindikiza mabuku wake moyo wake wonse. Chifukwa zoipa. Solzhenitsyn ankanena kuti mawu a zapamwamba zazikulu angagwirizane, komabe muyenera kutsutsa aliyense wolemba.