Alfred Garrievich Shnitke - ndi wolemba namatetule

Mosatopa ntchito - ndi Alfred Schnittke. Nyimbo zidalengedwa mwa iye, zikuluzikulu ndi lalikulu cholowa chake. Wolemba anali ndi mphamvu pachilichonse: masewero a ndi ballets, ntchito loimba, filimu music, chipinda ndi ntchito choral. Iye akulankhula kwa ife mu chinenero chamakono, kulankhulana mogwirizana ndi zimene amaona kuti kukhala tingachipeze powerenga.

Banja ndi Childhood

Banja amene anabadwa Alfred Garrievich Shnitke (1934 - 1998), anali osadalirika ndithu. Atate - ndi German Ayuda Liepaja, amake - mkazi German. Pakuti chinenero anali German, iwo kucheza ndi mnzake kunyumba. Multilingualism ankakonda anthu onse a m'banja. Ndipo kwa Alfred pang'ono, ndipo m'bale ndi mlongo wake, ndi agogo ake, amene ankachita nawo kafukufuku omasulira mabuku ku German mu Russian ndi mosemphanitsa. Pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse bambo anga, Harry V., anatumikira mu Soviet Army. Ndipo pambuyo pa nkhondo anam'tumiza mtolankhani ku Vienna kwa zaka ziwiri. Likulu Austria wakhala mmodzi wa malo zoimbira za dziko. Mu chikhalidwe wodzazidwa ndi nyimbo, anayamba wake nyimbo maphunziro tsogolo Wolemba Alfred Garrievich Shnitke.

Kubwerera ku USSR

Pamene ntchito kunja yatha, makolo inatha mu Moscow ndipo anayamba kugwira ntchito ku nyuzipepala lofalitsidwa mu German, imene inkatchedwa "New Life". Ngakhale makolo Soviet mabuku ikumasuliridwa German, ndi Alfred amalize sukulu, ndi Moscow Conservatory ndi maphunziro kusukulu. Mu 1960, Alfred Garrievich Shnitke anavomereza kuti Union of analemba. Kenako anayamba kuwaphunzitsa kuti inali, kumene anaphunzira. ndiye, n'kumaganiza kuti sikokwanira, anayamba imene nyimbo mafilimu. M'pofunikanso kuunikila ntchito yake ndi wotsogolera kwambiri Larisa Shepitko, momwe mulinso zoona ndi lowopsya nkhondo filimu "Nyamuka" (1976). Mutu wosatha wa kuperekedwa ndi nsembe zinaonetsera nyimbo, amene analengedwa ndi Alfred Garrievich Shnitke, anadzazidwa ndi mavuto zongoganiza ndi limalumikizana ndi iwo kuwerenga maganizo kwambiri ndi mfundo za m'Baibulo. Zimenezi zinathandiza wotsogolera ndi zisudzo ndi mokwanira kuwulula sewero Vasilya Bykova. Ambiri, izo zalembedwa nyimbo mafilimu zoposa makumi asanu ndi zisudzo angapo. Mu 1989, Alfred Garrievich Shnitke adzalandira mphoto "Nika" chifukwa "Commissioner" nyimbo filimu. Iye anagwira ntchito kokha ndi atsogoleri athu bwino, amene mafilimu ndi Alfreda Shnitke nyimbo amakhala chochitika: Andrew Mitt - "Ogwira Ntchito M'sitima", Andrey Smirnov - "Yophukira", Elem Klimov - "Kumva Zowawa". Quotes ndi mitu ku filimu nyimbo Wolemba ntchito kulenga zidutswa zoimbaimba.

chilumikizano

ukwati woyambirira Galina Koltsinoy yochepa (1956 - 1958). Koma ukwati wachiwiri anali wosangalala ndi wodzaza ndi mogwirizana. Banjalo anakumana monga mphunzitsi ndi mwana wasukulu. Ndipo, mwachizolowezi, mphunzitsi wa chibwenzi. Patapita njakata Irina Kataeva mu 1961 ukwati anawalemba. Limba ndi kupeka anagwirizana adzawonongedwa. Mwa nthawi imeneyi anayamba kalembedwe wapadera wa Woipeka.

apachiyambi nyimbo

Wolemba kwakukuru katswiri alipo Mitundu zamakono zonse. A amphamvu talente ndi khama kwambiri anathandiza kulenga chiwerengero chachikulu cha ntchito: masewero a ndi ballets kwa bwalolo, ntchito loimba. Kuphatikizapo ntchito yake kupereka chakale malangizo, avant-garde, chorales, Waltz, polka, jazi. Molimba mtima anagwirizana njira ntchito limodzi osiyanasiyana ndi malangizo stylistic. Zinaoneka anthuwo Komabe, izi sitingazipeze zidzasintha omvera, monga momwe zinalili ndi "Choyamba Symphony". Kenako mogwirizana kwambiri amaphatikiza "Requiem" ndi piano Quintet. Pakuti okhwima Schnittke, ndipo ambiri a ntchito zalembedwa mu zaka 13 zapitazi, pamene wolemba adadwala (sitiroko), yodziwika ndi ntchito amajambulapo maluwa okongola Baroque, kumatikumbutsabe nyimbo otchuka, ndi Association of German nyimbo zachikhalidwe. Koma izi zonse - si mapeto palokha, mwachibadwa kupuma, kukhudzana ndi nyimbo Nthawi osiyana. Popeza 1977, pambuyo ulendo kunja, iye analankhula za Schnittke lonse kulipira msonkho kwa luntha lake.

"Mndandanda Younika Baibulo" - "Gogol Maapatimenti"

Kwa ntchito ya Taganka Theatre Wolemba ali analemba Maapatimenti imene protagonist wakhala, NV Gogol. Amakhala mbali zisanu ndi zitatu. Kumatanthauza nyimbo chaululidwa ubwana Chichikov, sewero wojambula, amene akumverera imfa luntha ndi akufuna kuononga katswiri wake onse. Chikhoto maloto monga mumangire, mwadzidzidzi kwasanduka wokondedwa, palibe kanthu, koma mnzanga. Iye ndi ngwazi ake limangopereka chikondi chake mokhudza. Akuluakulu - ndi chabe misa creaking nthenga malo onse, ndi nyerere wamoyo amene amakhala chimodzimodzi. Iwo samakhulupirira ngakhale kuyesa munthu, chifukwa sakudziwa chomwe icho chiri. Mu mpira powonekera, amene amatembenuza Sabbat, wojambula akuona zilembo zake zonse ankalumidwa. Ndipo anatsiliza maonekedwe onse a zisomo atatu akubalika. Popanda moyo - chipululu. Ndipo nyimbo kupanga yojambula, imakoka kumvetsera ku dziko lapansi amasamala, kumiza m'dziko woyera. Kotero izo zikumveka "Gogol Maapatimenti".

Hamburg

Mu 1990, Alfred Schnittke, yonena amene akutembenukira ku nthawi yomweyo zamavuto, anaitanidwa ku Germany kuphunzitsa zikuchokera. Iye sanali amasamuka adakhalabe lathyathyathya mu Moscow, koma asapatsire iye kuchipatala kunja. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, ankadera nkhawa za matenda mtima, koma wolemba adakali ntchito yambiri. Iye sangakhoze kulemba ndi dzanja lake lamanja. Kondakitala G. Rozhdestvensky, kuyendera izo, decrypts izo zolemba chachilengulengu. Pa 63, wolemba kwambiri anamwalira. Iye anaikidwa mu Novodevichy manda ku Moscow.