Aluminium ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo ake: onse achitsulo izi

Pakali pano, ntchito zothandiza amapezeka mwapadera onse zitsulo kudziwika anthu ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo awo. Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi makhalidwe yake yeniyeni, yomwe yodziŵira ntchito zawo m'mafakitale zosiyanasiyana. Mitundu ambiri ankagwiritsa ntchito chitsulo ndi pawiri ofotokoza komanso zotayidwa ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo ake. Izi zingathe kufotokozedwa, poyamba pa zonse, lalikulu nkhokwe zachilengedwe, komanso mankhwala kwambiri, thupi ndi makhalidwe makina.

A mbiri pang'ono

Malinga ndi nthano zakale, anafotokoza mu buku lake "Natural History" ndi Pliny Wamkulu Gayo lopangidwa pafupifupi 77 AD, kamodzi kwa Mfumu wa Rome Tiberius anapita sankadziwa mbuye ndipo anamuika mphatso ya mbale ya siliva ndi zitsulo kuwala kwambiri. Pamene Tiberius anafunsa chimene iwo anapanga anayankha kuti anapanga dongo. Tinadabwa, mfumu inalamula kupha munthu wosalakwa ndi kuwononga mmisiri msonkhano wake chidali chifuniro sanali kukhala ndi depreciation zitsulo Roma zopereka. Ndizachisoni kuti pa nthawi imene iye sanali athe kuwunika ziyembekezo za kutsegula kwa onse, chifukwa zotayidwa ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo ake m'tsogolo anapanga yojambula zochititsa weniweni.

Chifukwa zotayidwa ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo ake ali otchuka?

The zotayidwa okhutitsidwa kutumphuka pafupifupi 8,8%, choncho atsogolera mndandanda wa zitsulo ambiri. Mwa ubwino wake monga otsika kachulukidwe (2.7 g / cm3), kwambiri kukana dzimbiri, processability, chabwino magetsi ndi matenthedwe madutsidwe, ndi mkulu makhalidwe mphamvu. Aluminium ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo ake ankagwiritsa ntchito ndege, shipbuilding, kayendedwe njanji, magalimoto, zomangamanga, mankhwala ndi mafuta mafakitale , etc. Zotayidwa kasakaniza wazitsulo yodziwika ndi ductility, malleability, mkulu processing liwiro. Zonsezi amapereka mwayi kwambiri kuti ntchito pafupifupi mtundu uliwonse wa ulimi.

Kuweta zotayidwa ofotokoza kasakaniza wazitsulo

Yonseyi zotayidwa ndi kuwonjezapo alloying, akhoza kukwaniritsa mphamvu kwambiri ndi kusintha zina za zitsulo. Monga zina zambiri ntchito pakachitsulo, mkuwa, manganese, nthaka ndi magnesium. Taganizirani kasakaniza wazitsulo zofunika.

Duralumin (duralumin, kapena duralumin chabe)

Dzina pawiri uyu anachokera ku mawu Düren - kuti linali dzina la mzinda German, amene mu 1911. Ife anayamba kufalitsa aloyi pa mlingo mafakitale. Konzekerani Kuwonjezera zake zinali zamkuwa, zitsulo zotayidwa (2.2 - 5.2%), magnesium (0.2 - 2,7%) ndi manganese (0.2 - 0.1%). Pambuyo mankhwala kutentha, zitsulo amakhala amphamvu kwambiri (mphamvu malo amodzi ukufika 450-500 MPa). Kuti tiyambe kukana dzimbiri, nthawi zambiri Khoma zotayidwa. Ntchito ngati zakuthupi structural mu mayendedwe ndi aeronautical zomangamanga.

magnaly

Awa zosiyanasiyana zotayidwa kasakaniza wazitsulo ndi magnesium komanso zinthu zina (mg zili - 1-13%). Iwo yodziwika ndi ductility mkulu, weldability wabwino ndi kukana dzimbiri. Ntchito kupanga mphako castings, waya, pepala, rivets etc.

silumin

pawiri Izi zakonzedwa ndi kaphatikizidwe zotayidwa ndi pakachitsulo (pakachitsulo zili - 4-13%). Nthawi anawonjezera, ndi zina zina: Khalani, Ti, Zn, mg MN, Cu. aloyi Izi kuti apange mbali ya nyumba zovuta, makamaka Azamlengalenga kapangidwe magalimoto.

Aluminium ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo yake adzakhala yaitali kutumikira anthu apindule. Umboni anatulukira latsopanoli - foamed zotayidwa, kapena monga iwo ukutchedwa, "zitsulo thovu". Akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti zotayidwa porous ndi chiyembekezo chabwino.