Development za khalidwe la anthu ku Russia

History of Sociology mu Russia anayamba kutuluka mu 60s 19veka. Inali pa nthawi imeneyi, anthu kuwerenga ndi asayansi anayamba yodziwa Mabaibulo a nkhani ndi mabuku Comte. Ponseponse Russian Chaanthu kwambiri adaletsa kufufuza maganizo a Comte, komanso alibe chidwi kunja positivism pambuyo pa imfa yake. funde la "kuwerenga chachiwiri" wa Auguste Comte, amagwidwa ndi m'mayiko olemera ndi France, ndi Russia anagwira. Magazini "Russian mawu", "chi", "Mfundo za Lathu", etc. Nkhani anayamba kuoneka pa Chaanthu ndi Comte, lolembedwa ndi vv Lesevichem, P. L. Lavrovym, D. I. Pisarevym.

Amathandiza kwambiri kuti chitukuko cha Chaanthu mu Russia anapanga woyamba Russian akatswiri: amene anayambitsa sayansi wa Kareya Yuzhakov, Mikhailovsky, Lavrov ndi ena. Iwo achititsa kuti chitukuko cha Chaanthu mu Russia, kupanga njira yakeyake kudziwa ndi kuphunzira zinthu zodabwitsa chikhalidwe. Anawona anthu kudzera prism wa khalidwe la anthu, makamaka anthu amalimbikitsidwa akupangidwa yogwira - zotengera malingaliridwe njira. Imodzi mwa ntchito N. K. Mihaylovskogo ankatchedwa - "Zimphona ndi khamu". Development za khalidwe la anthu ku Russia zinali zodzaza ndi zinthu zotsatirazi: zikamera wa umunthu wa mitundu nyama, patsogolo chikhalidwe ndi kugawira ntchito, chiŵerengero cha chitukuko zachilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe anthu, zotsatira za kupita patsogolo kwa dera zachuma.

Sociology mu Russia ndi chiyambi cha m'ma 20 wakhala ena bwino. Development za khalidwe la anthu ku Russia pa nthawi imeneyo zinali zodzaza ndi patsogolo osiyanasiyana mavuto anaphunzira zimachitika m'madera zotsatirazi: maganizo, dera limene akukhala, chuma. Panthawi imeneyi Chaanthu Russian amayamba bwanji chitukuko cha sayansi yaitali okhazikika: history, malamulo, maphunziro ndi zina sayansi chikhalidwe.

Ngati ife kulankhula za magawo chitukuko za khalidwe la anthu ku Russia, gawo loyamba akhoza zimachitika mapangidwe, kubadwa kwa Chaanthu mu Russia, yomwe inatenga zaka 60 mpaka 90 zana la 19. Inali pa nthawi imeneyi kufalitsa malingaliro sociological, anapanga malangizo a sociological lingaliro, limene ndinayamba sayansi Russian.

Sociology mu Russia zapakati pa zaka 90 za m'ma 19 ku 20s kwa zaka za m'ma 20, sankaoneka ngati gawo lachiwiri la chitukuko - pali institutionalization, mwachitsanzo kuzindikira ake ndi anthu ndi boma, kukhazikitsidwa kwa mabungwe sayansi, m'madipatimenti ndi magulu .. maziko a magulu ndi magazini sayansi, etc.

Pa nthawi imeneyi ya chitukuko cha Chaanthu mu Russia zinachitika mogwirizana ndi achilendo, womwe Chaanthu European.

Mwatsoka, mu 1920s ndi. anapanga zambiri wosamala ndi ankhanza mtima kwa sayansi chikhalidwe ndi maulamuliro Soviet akuyamba. Anamaliza stepi ino kutseka mabungwe sociological, ndi akatswiri ndi maganizo sanali Marxist ndi ziphunzitso anathamangitsidwa Russia, kapena kutumizidwa kundende kuti "kukonzanso maphunziro". Popeza 1922, dipatimenti anatseka ndipo amasiya kuphunzitsa Chaanthu pa mayunivesite anatseka Sociological Society, zochokera M. M. Kovalevskim.

Mbali yachitatu mu Chaanthu Russian anali "wakuda" ndipo unakhala kuchokera 1920s lapansi. mpaka 1950s lapansi. Nthawi imeneyi, Chaanthu alandira chizindikiro cha "bourgeois sayansi" ndipo atachotsedwa Marxist-Leninist nzeru ndi chikominisi sayansi.

Latsopano tsankho institutionalization anayamba pokhapokha anadzudzula "umunthu mpatuko" wa Stalin, koma adaletsa ndi chitukuko za khalidwe la anthu a CPSU ndi iye sanalandire yogawa lonse anthu.

Modern, gawo lachinayi anabwera 1980s ndipo zinali zodzaza ndi chitukuko mofulumira Russian Chaanthu. Sociology amalandira udindo wa sayansi palokha ndipo kusukulu onse Russian.

Atatha kudutsa magawo osiyanasiyana a Chaanthu mu Russia tikuona kuti ali oposa zaka theka. Chifukwa chakuti ali mmodzi wa sayansi mofulumira osauka, pang'onopang'ono kwathetsa mipata kwa kudziwa za kucheza ndi anthu, ife pang'onopang'ono afotokozerane ndi sukulu mitundu Chaanthu m'mayiko otukuka amene apita patsogolo.