Amene analemba "The Zopatsa Chidwi cha Baron Munchausen"? Wambiri ndi ntchito ya Rudolf Erich Raspe

A wakale wamng'ono munthu atakhala ndi moto, nthano, chodabwitsa chidwi kwambiri, nthabwala ndi "zoona" ... Zikuoneka kuti nthawi zina zidzachoka, ndipo wowerenga mukuganiza kuti n'zotheka kukokera yokha mwa chithaphwi, kumvetsa tsitsi, kutembenukira mkati ndi kunja nkhandwe , kupeza theka kavalo amene amamwa matani madzi ndi sangakhoze kuthetsa ludzu lawo.

Bwino nkhani, kodi sichoncho? About Baron Munchausen anamva zonse. Ngakhale anthu amene sakhulupirira kwenikweni gwirizana ndi belles lettres, chifukwa amaziona m'mafilimu adzakhala kupita atchule angapo nkhani wosangalatsa za iye. Funso: "Ndani analemba nthano" The Zopatsa Chidwi cha Baron Munchausen "?" Kalanga, dzina la Rudolph Raspe sadziwa aliyense. Ndipo kaya ndi mlengi weniweni wa khalidwe? otsutsa zolembalemba akupezabe mphamvu kutsutsana pa nkhani imeneyi. Komabe, zinthu oyamba.

Amene analemba buku la "The Zopatsa Chidwi cha Baron Munchausen"?

Chaka chobadwa mwa tsogolo wolemba - 1736 TH. Bambo ake anali wogwira ndipo ganyu mgodi, komanso wokonda wowopsa mchere. Kuti chifukwa chake zaka zake zoyambirira Raspe anakhala za migodi. Pasanapite nthawi, analandira maphunziro, amene anapitilira ku University of Göttingen. Choyamba adatenga olondola ndiye analanda sayansi. Choncho, palibe anasonyeza m'tsogolo chizolowezi - philology, ndipo palibe zizindikiro zimene iye adzakhala mmodzi amene analemba "The Zopatsa Chidwi cha Baron Munchausen."

zaka tsogolo

Atabwerera ku mzinda kwawo, iye amasankha zochita zake kalaliki ndiyeno anali mlembi mu laibulale. Monga wofalitsa ndi Raspe debuted mu 1764, kupereka dziko ntchito za Leibniz amene poyamba akhala zoyenera tsogolo la zinachitika "ulendo". Pa nthawi yomweyo, iye analemba buku "Hermine ndi Gunilda", anakhala katswiri ndi ntchito wosamalira wa nduna yakale yoyendera. Westphalia amayenda pofunafuna mipukutu yakale, ndi zinthu ndiye kawirikawiri chifukwa chopereka (kalanga, osati chake). Last Raspe anapatsidwa kutenga nkhani yonena ake olimba ndi zinachitikira. Ndipo, monga kunapezeka chabe! Amene analemba "The Zopatsa Chidwi cha Baron Munchausen," sanali munthu wolemera kwambiri ngakhale anthu osauka, kukakamiza kupita pa kulakwa ndi amagulitsa zopereka. Komabe, Raspe anakwanitsa kupewa chilango, koma m'mene zinachitikira ndi zovuta kunena. Iwo amanena kuti munthu amene abwera kudzagwira anamva ndipo chidwi ndi mphatso ya owerenga ndi, analola kuti athawe. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa, chifukwa akukumana ndi Raspe kwambiri - amene analemba "The Zopatsa Chidwi cha Baron Munchausen"! Kodi izo mulingirira?

Maonekedwe a nthano

History, ndi vicissitudes zokhudzana ndi buku la nthano ino zoona, zinapezeka kuti zochepa zosangalatsa kuposa Zopatsa wa protagonist ake. Mu 1781, mu "Guide anthu gay mu" kukakomana ndi nkhani loyamba ndi ndinapirira ndi wamphamvuzonse nkhalamba. Sizinkadziwika amene analemba "The Zopatsa Chidwi cha Baron Munchausen." wolemba anaona kuti ndi bwino kukhala mu mithunzi. Ndi nthano Raspe anatenga monga maziko ntchito zawo wakhala ophatikizana owerenga chithunzi, wogwidwa wokhulupirika ndi chokwanira (motsutsana ndi Baibulo yapita). Nkhani zinalembedwa mu English, ndi zimene zinachitikira waukulu khalidwe akuchita, anali Luso mwangwiro English, n'zogwirizana ndi nyanja. Buku lomweli anali ndi pathupi ngati chenjezo ukuperekedwa zonama.

Ndiye nthano linamasuliridwa mu German (anachita ndakatulo Gottfried Burger), wodzilemekeza ndi kukonzedwa ndi lemba yapitayo. Ndipo kusintha zinali zodziwika kwambiri kuti maphunziro magazini yaikulu mndandanda wa anthu amene analemba "The Zopatsa Chidwi cha Baron Munchausen", mayina awiri - Raspe ndi Burger.

zinachitika

Mokondwera Baron anali zenizeni m'moyo zinachitika. dzina lake linali, ngati khalidwe mabuku - Munchausen. Mwa njira, vuto la kusintha kwa dzina German anakhalabe sanathetsedwe. Korney Chukovsky anayambitsa njira "Munchausen," koma oterewa masiku ano dzina la ngwazi atalowa kalata "g".

Real Baron, kale mu ukalamba, ankakonda kundiuza za Zopatsa wake alenje Russia. Ophunzira anakumbukira kuti pa nthawi ngati zimenezi munthu owerenga kuwapatsa moyo, iye anayamba gesticulate, ndiyeno kuchokera kwa munthu wokhulupirika linamveka nkhani zosaneneka. Iwo kwambiri otchuka, ndipo ngakhale kupita atolankhani. Kumene, chofunika chiwerengero cha kudzibisa amalemekezedwa, koma anthu amene ankadziwa Baron adadziwa amene ali zinachitika nkhani za wokondeka.

zaka Last ndi imfa

M'chaka cha 1794, wolemba amayesera kuika anga Ireland, koma anazindikira mapulani amene chinalepheretsa imfa. Kutanthauza Raspe mabuku pofuna waukulu. Kuwonjezera Kutulukira chikhalidwe, amene wayamba kale kukhala tingachipeze powerenga, pafupifupi zikande (ndi tsatanetsatane wa nkhani chilengedwe, amene tatchulazi), Raspe nakokera chidwi cha m'nthawi ya ndakatulo wakale Germany. Ndi mmodzi wa oyamba ndinamverera "Nyimbo Ossian" - yabodza, ngakhale kuti sanatsutse mfundo chawo.