American Ammayi Frances Farmer: yonena, filmography ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

The Ammayi anthu, mwina imadziwika kuti nkhani yomvetsa chisoni ya moyo wake. nkhani zokopa ndipo nthawi zambiri zongopeka kuti ndikuuzeni za zochitika zankhanza yokhudza Farmer, anatengerapo womkanikizawo, makamaka Kusinthaku musanaganizire kuchipatala cha anthu amisala. Luso ndi maganizo Frances Farmer unali mutu wa chiweruzo kwa anthu ena komanso kudzoza kwa ena. Kudziwa Ammayi ndi moyo wake wafunsira chilengedwe cha mafilimu atatu, mabuku atatu, nkhani magazini ambiri ndiponso nyimbo.

Childhood ndi unyamata

Frances Elena Farmer anabadwa pa September 19, 1913 Seattle, Washington. bambo ake anali loya, ndi mayi wake - ankagwira ntchito yothandiza. Francis ubwana wadutsa mu chitonthozo ndi zochuluka, izo zikanakhoza adzatchedwa odala, ngati osati nkhondo zonse ndi mayi ake, amene anali munthu wamphamvu kwambiri. Kale pa zaka zake sukulu, msungwana anapeza Ambiri Amakonda zochitira ndi luso la zolembalemba. Pa zaka sikisitini, Francis anapambana mpikisano "Best nkhani" kwa pepala maganizo yakuti "Mulungu anafa," iye analandira mphoto kuchuluka kwa madola zana. Mu 1931 analembetsa pa University of Washington, kumene anakaphunzira utolankhani, masewero ndi nawo wophunzira chuma zisudzo.

Mawonetseredwe woyamba wa chilengedwe opanduka

kusiyana losatha mayi anabweretsa chikhalidwe opandukawo Frances Farmer. Wambiri ya Ammayi, mwina mwina osiyana ngati osati mtima kupewa maganizo otchuka. Iye akumvetsa maganizo zokomera wa secularism ndi kufanana chilengedwe chonse ndiponso kuti muzimvetsera mosalekeza kwa nyuzipepala "Voice kubwezera" mu 1935 anali kupereka ulendo Soviet Union. Ngakhale zionetsero a mayi ndi atamunamizira poyera chisoni chikominisi, Francis anapita ku Soviet Union. Woukira akufuna anagona maganizo awo za dziko la ogwira ntchito ndi anthu wamba, komanso alidziwe Russian zisudzo sukulu, kuyendera wotchuka Moscow Art Theatre.

Hollywood

Atabwerera iye akuona kuti asinthe miyoyo yawo ndi kumvetsa ntchito ndi kuchita. Mu 1936 talente achinyamata amapita ku New York, kumene anakumana ndi nthumwi za awapatse Pictures, amene akonza wamng'ono Ammayi nyemba. Kukwapula maonekedwe ndi chosiyana mawu Frances Farmer opanga tasiya osayanjanitsika, ndipo situdiyo lalembedwa ndi mgwirizano wake wazaka zisanu ndi ziŵiri. Akatero amayamba nkhani ya Hollywood zisudzo. Francis ntchito koyamba mu filimu "makolo ambiri", amene anaonekera pa zowonetsera mu 1936, kulandira ndemanga mokalipa ofufuza. Pali kusintha moyo wake, pa m'ndandanda wa zithunzi, anakumana ndi wosewera Leif Erickson, amene chaka chomwecho anakwatira. Umayamba nyenyezi chitunda siteji ya Hollywood Frances Farmer. Filmography chikukulirakulirabe ndi ntchito yatsopano. Mu filimu nyimbo "mungoli pamalo otsetsereka" Francis amatsogolera wamkazi ndi mwamuna wake pa akonzedwa amakhala wotchuka Bing Crosby. Producer Samuel Goldwyn Farmer amapereka mbali yofunika kwambiri sewero "Bwerani ndi kutenga izo" pa buku ndi Edna Ferber. Francis kwakukuru athane ndi udindo wa otsutsa ndi omvera waife zithunzi mayi ndi mwana wake, mbali filimuyi ndi zinthu zikuluzikulu ndi bwino Ammayi ntchito. Francis ankagwira ntchito mwakhama, ndipo mu 1937 mu anagubuduza kunja mafilimu ndi nawo ake: "mwakathithi", "ankakonda Chatsopano Iorka" ndi "Vuto". mfundo zonse ndi tsogolo labwino la Ammayi lapansi.

Kuchitiridwa malamulo Hollywood

Ngakhale bwino kwambiri ndi kutchuka kwake sanaganize ntchito yake okhutira Frances Farmer. Mafilimu ndi ntchito zimene zinali kuperekedwa kwa iye, Ammayi anamvera wonyong'onya. Malinga ndi maganizo a nyenyezi, tidaipanga woyikidwa maudindo ake kuti kutsindika okha maonekedwe, koma sanali kuulula akuchita luntha lake. Choncho, Francis zambiri ankamenyana ndi utsogoleri wa situdiyo, anali capricious kuti kuwombera ndipo anakana kuchita nawo zochitika zosangalatsa mu Hollywood. M'nyengo pamene nyenyezi situdiyo malinga ndi malamulo a khalidwe m'mbali zonse za moyo, khalidwe imatengedwa mawonekedwe oipa. Choncho ndemanga mokalipa womkanikizawo anasintha nkhani mwamphamvu kumatsutsa Ammayi lapansi.

zisudzo

Ndi cholinga kupeza luntha lake ndi ntchito zabwino ndi kukhazikitsa wokha ngati Ammayi lalikulu mu 1937. Frances Farmer anasiya Hollywood ndipo anapita Connecticut nawo chuma zamasewero ku Pinebrook. Pali Hollywood filimu nyenyezi anakumana ndi wotsogolera Harold Klurmanom ndi Wolemba wina Clifford Odets ndipo anavomera kuti agwirizane ndi gululo motsogozedwa awo. Posachedwapa abwera woyamba ed yopanga "Golden Boy," ndi nawo Farmer. Ngakhale masewera Ammayi anali anakumana ndi otsutsa disapproving, wa sewerolo chifukwa mbali yake kukhala otchuka ndi Farmer akupitiriza ulendo ndi bwalo lamasewera. Pa ntchito olowa pa kusewera pakati Francis ndi Clifford Odets mudakhumudwapo buku. Wolemba wina anali atakwatiwa ndi, motsutsana ndi Farmer, adzaononga ukwati ndi kutenga ntchito yatsopano. Ammayi ankaona amenewa mtima kuperekedwa ndi mlandu Odets kuti ntchito kulera kolowera mlingo.

Bwererani ku Hollywood

Potsatira mawu a pangano ndi awapatse Pictures, Frances Farmer akubwerera ku Hollywood. Akupitirizabe kuchita, komanso panthawi yake yopuma nawo chuma pa Broadway, koma musati kubweretsa bwino Ammayi lapansi. Francis amamva maganizo ndi kunadetsa relieves nkhawa mowa. moyo umenewu si kuti athandize Ammayi, umunthu wake kale zovuta, kukula ndi matsire, izo akukulirakulira. Francis ndi capricious ndi zambiri amasokoneza kuwombera, khalidwe lake amakankhira alimi, ndipo kuyambira 1939 ndi ntchito Ammayi a ukulowera pansi. Francis kunadetsa kupereka mbali, ndipo mu 1942 situdiyo akuswa pangano lake. Mu nthawi kuchokera 1938 mpaka 1942, Farmer nyenyezi mu mafilimu "The ulendo pamapindikira kilomita", "South wa Pago Pago," "Golden Stream", "World kuyamba", "Badlands a Dakota", "Pakati Amoyo", "Mwana Ukali: The Nkhani Benjamin Blake ".

Mavuto ndi chilamulo

banja komanso yopuma Ammayi, mu 1942 chomwecho iye analekana Leif Erikson. Kulephera ntchito ndi miyoyo yawo munthu kuyambitsa uchidakwa. Poyendetsa pamene alonda oledzera otukwana apolisi mu ntchito ya Francis tsiku igwera mu m'ndende polisi ya Santa Monica. bwalo alamulidwa iye Kumangidwa kwa mawu a miyezi isanu ndi yabwino ya madola mazana asanu. Ammayi yomweyo kulipira theka ndipo analandira mawu a kuyesedwa. Kunadza lamizeremizere wakuda, zolephera ndi zoipa tsopano kudzazidwa ndi Frances Farmer mbiri. Biographies enawo ndi mphatso ndi mphoto, Ammayi anali kuyembekezera, koma zizolowezi Zimatero, ndi ntchito mafilimu si kuwonjezera. Komanso, khalidwe choipa umatipanga lokha anamva, ndipo mu 1943 padziko Francis inflames kumuyalutsa latsopano. Hairdresser situdiyo Farmer mlandu kuchititsa kuvulazana. Popeza theka lachiwiri la chilango cha mulandu oyamba ndi sizinachitike analipira, Themis anakhala sankafuniranso, ndi Ammayi itatha kumbuyo mipiringidzo kachiwiri. The khoti mokweza, Farmer zochuluka madzi nkhanza apolisi, mlandu chophwanya ufulu wake yapachiweniweni ndi kutha kwa woweruza adaponyamo inkwell lapansi. Pa nthawi imeneyi zinali zovuta kupewa m'ndende zisudzo. Francis anali kumbuyo Mipiringidzo yaitali, chikhalidwe chake ankaona wosakhazikika, ndipo posakhalitsa banja anakhoza kupeza kulanda Farmer ku boma chipatala cha amisala. Pali madokotala kuti matenda Francis "wosangalala monyanyira maganizo" ndipo anazindikira osokonekera ake.

mokakamizidwa hospitalization

Kwa zaka eyiti yaitali, Francis anali anafufuza ndipo ankachita m'zipatala zosiyanasiyana bongo. Panthawi imeneyi, Farmer anapezeka ndi "akuchita misala" ndipo ntchito yake insulin mantha ndi mankhwala electroconvulsive. Ammayi The mobwerezabwereza anathamangira kuchipatala pambuyo chizunzo chotero, koma adzabweranso. Iyende mankhwala adakwanisa zamaganizo Uolter Frimen, amene wakhala translobotomiyu. opaleshoniyo yayenda bwino. Farmer chikhalidwe bwino ndipo chikumbumtima chitakonzedwa, ndipo mu 1950 iye anali nane kuchipatala pansi pa chisamaliro cha mayi wake.

moyo watsopano

Back mu Seattle, Francis ntchito mu hotelo "Olympic" woyamba antchito yosavuta zovala, ndipo kenako mkuluyu. Mu 1953, Farmer kubwezeretsa ufulu. Kamodzi Francis mtolankhani anaphunzira ndipo analemba nkhani za izo. Izi chidwi alikukonzeka watsopano Ammayi lapansi. Farmer kukakhala nawo pa TV amasonyeza "Ichi ndi moyo wanu." Pali analankhula za uchidakwa wake, amene adazikumbira woyamba ku ndende kenako ku chipatala cha amisala. Ammayi anapeza kukaona okwatira kawiri zambiri. Mu 1951, iye masamba kwa Alfred Lobli, koma kale mu 1957 anakumana ndi Leandom Mikesell, amene umagwira ntchito pa wailesi ya kanema zolimbikitsa. Pakati pa iwo akuyamba kamvuluvulu chikondi, ndipo Francis anapita ku San Francisco ndi wokonda latsopano. Mu 1958, Farmer afika chisudzulo ndi akwatira Mikesell. Pa yoweyula chidwi mu umunthu wake unachita mu Francis 'Kayfolom "filimu. filimu imeneyi anali womaliza pa ntchito yake film, ndiye Hollywood anaiwala za muyaya.

TV

Makanema zingapo zokhudza Farmer mu mndandanda TV wafunsira pamwamba pa ntchito TV ndi kulenga amasonyeza zawo. Francis talente unaonekera mwa njira ina, ndipo posakhalitsa ataonekera pa wailesi zowonetsera kusonyeza pulogalamu "Frances Farmer mphatso". Kwa nthawi yaitali pulogalamu wakhala wotchuka kwambiri, koma mu 1964, a uchidakwa kachiwiri chimandipweteka. Farmer kamodzinso linatha, ndipo amasonyeza atatseka. Ammayi The ayesera kubwerera siteji, koma nthawi iyi potsiriza mowa amapambana, ndi ndi ntchito akuchita Farmer anamaliza potsiriza. Ammayi Frances Farmer anamwalira mu 1970, aiwala ndi anthu ndi mafani.

afterword

Atamwalira kufalitsa "Kodi kwenikweni mmawa," Frances Farmer, ndi mbiri sewero. lidzakhala lilipo kuti anthu tsatanetsatane wa kukhala naye mu zipatala bongo. dziko adzadziwa bwanji anamwino chiwawa, zokumana nazo manyazi madokotala ndi odwala manyazi. Ndipo mu 1982, zowonetsera anamasulidwa filimu "Frances", limene likusimba za tsoka kochititsa kaso Ammayi lapansi. Francis kwakukuru anachita udindo wa Dzhessika Lanzh, ntchito iye anali asankha kuti "Oscar". Kurt Kobeyn, kutsogolera woimba wa "Nirvana", dzina lake Frances Farmer ndi imasonkhezera nyimbo ake odzipatulira kwa iye. Melen Gote, imadziwika Melen Farmer, anasintha dzina lake lomaliza monga msonkho kwa Ammayi lapansi.