Anapangira malo akhungu konkire kuti: mawerengedwe, mbali, zikuchokera ndi ayamikira

Akhungu m'dera - ndithu yofunika mapulani mchitidwe nyumbayi. Choncho, pamene anathira ndi kusunga njira zamakono ena. Choyamba ndikofunika kuti akonze njira. Ngati kufanana konkire dera akhungu ndisanakumane kwa nthawi yaitali m'tsogolo satumikira.

kusankhidwa

Ntchito yaikulu ya m'dera akhungu a nyumbayo ili, zoona, kutetezeredwa gawo mobisa maziko a Madzi a mvula ndi meltwater. Makonzedwe elementi kamangidwe, motero, akhoza kwambiri zokulitsa utumiki maziko a nyumbayo. Ngati dziko la pafupi ndi chapansi adzatsala youma, kupatula china chirichonse, iwo adzakhala ndichepe katundu masika pa chikhamu cha nthaka. Nthawi zina nyumba akhungu m'dera ndi imagwira ntchito ina - akutumikira monga mlatho wina. Ngati nyumbayo ili pafupi udzu nazo izo ndi yabwino kuchita ulimi wothirira.

Zimafunika m'dera akhungu

Ndi kumanga elementi kamangidwe ka nyumbayi kutsatira malamulo amenewa SNIP:

• M'lifupi mwa malo akhungu kalasi nthaka Ine sayenera zosakwana 1 m, chifukwa Maphunziro II - 2 m.
• The makulidwe pazipita nthaka ting'onoting'ono basi pansi riboni konkire - 0,15 mm.
• Osachepera otsetsereka otmostki - 0,03 m.
• mchenga khushoni makulidwe pansi pa tepi ayenera kukhala osachepera 3 cm.

Pa kuthira otmostka kuvomerezedwa analimbitsa ndi latisi zitsulo. Pakuti kukonza wosanjikiza ngalande ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito chomenyedwa.

Kumene amadalira khalidwe konkire

Ena eni nyumba dziko amaona kuti popeza amafotokozera structural wa nyumba ndi katundu makamaka pa ntchito sangathe ukachitikire, mungagwiritse ntchito iliyonse, ngakhale si zabwino kwambiri mix iye. Komabe, siziri choncho. Konkire chiwerengero m'dera akhungu, onetsetsani kuti kutsatira. Inde, pa kwe (akulimbana ndi spalling) maziko a nyumba yomweyo akuyamba poyera kuti chinyezi. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, kwambiri amachepetsa moyo utumiki wa nyumba lonse.

Malinga SNIP mchikhalidwe ichi mchitidwe kamangidwe ka nyumba amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito zapamwamba konkire Kusakaniza si chozama kupitirira M200, Chofanana kalasi B-15. Kukonzekera osakaniza izi, m'pofunika kusankha bwino simenti, mchenga ndi filler. Ndipo, ndithudi, iwo ayenera kusakaniza mu kufanana lamanja.

Kodi mtundu wa simenti kugula

Izi chigawo chimodzi ambiri, ndi kudziwa kuti khalidwe liti kenako konkire zikuchokera ku dera akhungu. Anapangira zigawo zikuluzikulu otsala anatsimikiza makamaka mwa kuchuluka kwa simenti. Pakuti zosakaniza konkire kalasi B-15 m'pofunika kusankha zinthu kalasi M400. simenti amenewa ali ndi makhalidwe awa:

• Nthawi kulanda - maola 2-4 pa yozungulira kutentha +18 ... + 22 ° C.
• kutentha opaleshoni osiyanasiyana - -60 kuti +300 ° C.
• Moyo dongosolo la - kwa zaka 100.

Wokonzeka konkire kalasi M200 chopangidwa ntchito M400 simenti pafupifupi watertight, amorphous ndi mitundu kwambiri mankhwala ndipo si mantha madontho lakuthwa kutentha.

Kodi kukhala filler

Anapangira konkire dera akhungu a nyumba ayenera kukwaniritsa kwenikweni, koma ndi ofunika kusankha filler yoyenera kusakaniza. Izi amafotokozera mu njira ndi mtundu wa "zolimba" kuvomereza mavuto onse mkati. Monga filler tipeze njira kukhala pansi m'dera akhungu, izo amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito miyala kapena mwala wosweka. Mukhoza m'malo zinthu izi pa sing'anga-kakulidwe, ngati n'koyenera, mwala wosweka.

Kodi kukonzekera mchenga

Kwake zimadalira ndi konkire Kusakaniza monga mtundu wa chigawo cha. mchenga mu nkhani iyi ndi bwino kutenga mtsinje waukulu. Komabe, mwayi kupeza zinthu alibe onse eni nyumba dziko. Ngati mtsinje mchenga kugula sichitha, mukhoza m'malo pa ntchito yake. Komabe, pamaso kusinja osakaniza, zinthu chofunika kuti anasefa kupyolera gululi ndi selo 23 mm. Kuchita njirayi bwino zinthu mphepo. Pankhaniyi, mchenga alekanitsa kuphatikizapo mbali zabwino (fumbi).

kuwonjezera madzi

Kuchepetsa osakaniza konkire ayenera kukhala mwa njira yotero kuti amakhala zofewa mokwanira ntchito ndi kukhala omasuka ndi izo. Madzi ayenera zidzawonjezedwa kwa njira Kumalimbikitsa m'dera akhungu. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito osati zitsime zokumba zogwiritsa kumveka kapena bwino. Anandilola kudzatunga madzi kuchokera pagalimoto tchuthi. Koma mu nkhani iyi m'pofunika kuona kuti iwo anali oyera.

Potsilizira pake sitimadzipereka njira sayenera adzagwa ndi mafosholo. Sizipanga osakaniza kwambiri wandiweyani. Ngati silimba kapena amakhala kuti fosholo ndi kuyeretsa kuchokera chunks lalikulu la zovuta zake, ayenera pang'ono sitimadzipereka. Pambuyo kuphatikiza pa njira zabwino kulekana madzi si lamamatira.

Kufanana kwa konkire m'dera akhungu: mawerengedwe

Kumene, ntchito yokonza njira apamwamba ayenera osati kusankha zipangizo abwino, komanso ufulu kusakaniza iwo. Anapangira konkire mu nkhani iyi amakhala ngati:

• Simenti - Part 1;
• mchenga - 3 mbali;
• macadam - 4 mbali;
• Madzi - 0,5 mbali.

Motero ambiri kumatanthauza kufanana kwa konkire mu ndowa m'dera akhungu. Pakuti malamba lonse ndi bwino kuti osakaniza olimba, kuwonjezera 1 chidebe cha simenti atatu - wosweka mwala kapena miyala. Pamene kudzaza tepi kuzungulira outbuildings akhoza M'malo mwake, kupulumutsa pa zinthu zakuthupi ndiponso ntchito kwa anthu atatu kapena anayi mchenga mbali.

Kuwerengetsera kufanana kwa konkire m'dera wakhungu angathe kumwedwa mu nkhani kuphatikizapo mfundo yakuti zomera yokonza 1 mita ³ njira m'pamene M200 kutenga makilogalamu 280 simenti, matani 1.4 a miyala, makilogalamu 840 a mchenga. Zonsezi ladzala ndi malita 190 madzi.

Malangizo kwa kusinja

Choncho, ife tinapeza chimene chiwerengero cha konkire dera akhungu ndi abwino kwambiri. Komabe, kuti njira khalidwe pa linanena bungwe, m'pofunika komanso knead bwino. Kuti akonze mfundo kudzaza malo akhungu ndi ofunika ntchito chosakanizira simenti. Pankhaniyi, izo zikhala wabwino ndi wosiririka. chosakanizira konkire kwambiri musanayambe kugwira ntchito, ayenera kuikidwa pa lathyathyathya pamwamba. Zigawo backfilled m'menemo mwa ndondomeko:

• simenti;
• mchenga;
• chomenyedwa.

Pambuyo zosakaniza youma ali osokonezeka, madzi anawonjezera kuti ng'oma ndi. Nthawi okwana yokonza njira zimatengera mtundu wa zida. Kukakamiza zipangizo kanthu ndi amangoona mphindi 2-3, ndi zipangizo yokoka - mphindi 5-6. Kuchepetsa kapena kuwonjezera ntchito sayenera ndondomeko nthawi. Mbali yoyamba osakaniza adzatembenukira inhomogeneous, ndipo lachiwiri - kouma.

Ngati chosakanizira simenti mu chuma sikuloledwa kupanga njira dera akhungu pamanja. Pankhaniyi, chophweka njira amapondereza ufa ndi motyzhkoy. Pokonzekera Buku komanso loyamba bwino kusakaniza onse zosakaniza youma. Ndiye, mu ufa anawonjezera chofunika kuchuluka kwa madzi. Pamene pamanja kusinja njira Choncho analandira si yunifolomu ndi khalidwe ngati ntchito akakhale opanga. Choncho, mu nkhani iyi simenti ayenera kutenga kwambiri.

Umo ndi momwe ndipo anachita kukonzekera konkire dera akhungu. Anapangira zigawo zikuluzikulu za njira ayenera kukwaniritsa ndendende. Pankhaniyi, osakaniza adzatembenukira pulasitiki, mkulu khalidwe ndi ntchito seamlessly ndi izo. Chimodzimodzi akhungu dera anapanga ndi ntchito zake, tuluka amphamvu, zolondola ndiponso cholimba.