Travertine - ndichiyani? Features ndi makhalidwe a zinthu

Nkhani yomwe Roma Colosseum kwathunthu anamanga, amatchedwa "travertine". Ndi chiyani icho? Dziwani izi.

Travertine - ndichiyani?

Otchedwa travertine travertine - ndi polycrystalline chabwino-grained thanthwe. mwala dzina amachokera kwa travertino Italy. M'zaka za zana loyamba BC, nkhani wotchedwa mwala Tibur (lapis tiburtinus). Travertine mwala ndi mtundu wapakatikati pakati pa miyala ndi za nsangalabwi.

Monga aumbike

Travertine mafunsidwe ndondomeko ndi mankhwala kashiamu carbonate (aragonite kapena calcite) magwero wozizira kapena wotentha carbonate. Species popangidwa ndi kuchotsa sungunuka kashiamu bicarbonate munali njira mpweya woipa:

Ca (HCO _{3) 2} → CaCO ₃ + H ₂ O + NKHA _2.

Mfundo yaikulu ndiyakuti dontho kuthamanga, zomwe zingachitike pa linanena bungwe la pansi pamwamba pa mayamwidwe mu mlengalenga, pamodzi ndi tima kayendedwe madzi, komanso kuloŵerera ndi zomera. Travertine mwala zambiri accommodates mbewu zipsera. Kwakenso muli zosiyanasiyana zatsalira organic.

Travertine mwachibadwa: makhalidwe waukulu

Stone amakhala ndi dongosolo porous, amene chimasiyanitsa izo kwa miyala, zomwe ndi chuma wandiweyani. The porosity zakuthupi ranges kuchokera 2 40%. Maselo dongosolo travertine popangidwa ndi kudzuka ndipo popitapita zigawo Mbali yokhala ngati sulfide thovu mpweya. Onani mabowo zozungulira sanaphedwe ndi kubwereketsa wa woipa sulfure akhoza kudula ndi kupanga kufanana kupanga precipitate.

Travertine - mwala ndi kuuma yaing'ono (mosavuta kudula ntchito macheka zozungulira). kachulukidwe ake ndi avareji ya makilogalamu 1400-1800 pa kiyubiki mamita. mita.

mitundu Kodi Travertine ndi?

Pakuti travertine yodziwika ndi mtundu owala mu mithunzi osiyana. Mtundu akhale woyera, chikasu, grayish, kirimu ndi ena. Chifukwa cha kukhalapo mu zikuchokera salt chitsulo travertine lingasinthe hue chifukwa cha makutidwe ndi okosijeni. Mwachitsanzo, mwala woyera angathe kugula mchenga kapena wachikasu kulocha. Pa katundu zakuthupi si anasonyeza.

Anapeza mwala ndi mithunzi mdima (brownish, wooneka imvi neri Al.). Travertine kukhala mtundu mdima, ndi makhalidwe abwino luso.

Palinso miyala ndi mtundu kwambiri. Chitsanzo cha zinthu akhoza waikamo mu Iran yachikasu ndiponso yofiira travertine. Ndi chiyani icho? tufa Izi munali inki ena amene kupereka mtundu yowala kwambiri.

Zinthu zokhudza katundu wa travertine

Katundu wa zinthu chifukwa amadalira zifukwa zambiri - zili kusungunuka carbon dioxide, otaya kugwedezekagwedezeka, zizindikiro kutentha, ndipo ena.

Olimba khalidwe travertine aumbike mwa madzi ataima. M'madera yodziwika ndi mafunde amphamvu (mwachitsanzo, mathithi), monga ulamuliro, likukhalira travertine nodular. Ndi chiyani icho? Anisochromic m'mene lalikulu anasonkhana magulu a pores tufa.

Kwakukulu kuchuluka zosafunika chiyambi kwachilengedwenso adzatenge nawo mbali mu mapangidwe thanthwe, ndi apamwamba adzakhala chizindikiro cha porosity ake.

travertine kachulukidwe zimadalira kuthamanga kwa zigawo overlying pansi, komanso mphamvu ya mafunsidwe latsopano kashiamu carbonate pa zigawo kuti apangidwa kale. Nthawi zina, zikuoneka kuti pamwamba wosanjikiza matope akhoza kudutsa ndi precipitate watsopano, umene pores wodzazidwa ndi voids aumbike mwa thanthwe. Chifukwa cha ichi ndi chuma olimba ndi yolimba kwambiri.

Mtundu travertine kwakukulukulu zikudalira kashiamu carbonate pansi zinthu zina kunja pa ndondomeko mafunsidwe. Ngati sichoncho, ndiye izo zidzakhala zoyera (kapena kukhala pafupi woyera), kuti kawirikawiri zimachitika. Travertines Mbali yaikulu chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa particles wa mithunzi mchenga, matope, zatsalira mbewu yodziwika osiyanasiyana kuchokera beige kuwala kwa bongo. Pamene kuipitsa wosanjikiza travertine woyera tinthu chiyambi mtsinje, iye angathe kukhala komanso imvi.

Ena zipangizo monga inclusions bulauni kapena zigawo ndi chiyambi dongo. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti mapangidwe travertine zinachitika mu nyengo zosiyana, mwachitsanzo magwero si yofanana pansi, asintha miyoyo yawo.

Kodi miyala ya travertine?

The madipoziti wotchuka travertine zili Italy (Tivoli, wapafupi Rome), Germany (pafupi Stuttgart), Turkey (owonetsera zakale mzinda Pamukkale, ndi UNESCO World Heritage Site).

The madipoziti waukulu mu USSR kale mu Azerbaijan ndi Armenia. Choncho, Ararati dera lotchuka chifukwa migodi wake, amene ali pakati pa kukula mu dziko lapansi. travertine conformable pali digiri yapamwamba ya crystallization, motero durability mkulu.

The Russian miyala ya tuffs Mbali yokhala ngati ali Pyatigorsk m'dera ndi Kamchatka.

Komanso, pali travertine madipoziti mu Tajikistan, Ukraine, ndi Kyrgyzstan.

Kodi ntchito travertine? Mapulogalamu Ofunika

Tufa ali mphamvu yapamwamba ndi yosavuta ntchito, potero bwinobwino ntchito ngati nyumba ndi mwala kukongoletsa. Kuyambira kale, kuchokera ku nyumba, milatho, mabwalo ndi nyumba zina. Wotchuka kwambiri ndi lalikulu kapangidwe ndi m'bwalo lalikulu la maseŵera, amene anali kwathunthu anamanga kuwala chikasu travertine Roma (kuchokera Sabini mapiri).

Komanso mwala ntchito yopanga zipangizo zomangira nyumba ndipo tagwirizana ndi acidity kuchuluka kwa nthaka mu ulimi.

Koma Ambiri lero travertine ntchito monga chuma kukongoletsa mu ulemerero wa malo a, mkati ndi kunja.

Monga travertine kuwamaliza zakuthupi

Travertine, mtengo umene uli wotsika (kuchokera 5000 pakani. / M ^2), chifukwa tingachidziwe lilili zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zipangizo kukongoletsa yokongola, ali m'njira zambiri. Chachikulu pakati pawo ndi zachilengedwe wochezeka, mphamvu chisanu kukana ndi kukana chinyezi.

Kwambiri amagwiritsidwa kwambiri ya mnofu travertine zosinthika mu mawonekedwe a matailosi, osiyana chofewa ngati siponji pamwamba ndipo anaikidwa pa mfundo zithunzi. Chifukwa nkhani zake mphamvu angagwiritsidwe ntchito malinga ndi chikuto cha masitepe kapena mbewu. Pansi chophimba cha tufa kugonjetsedwa ndi kumva kuwawa. Kusamalira iwo ndi ofanana ndi kusamalira chuma chija.

Komanso travertine ntchito yopanga nsonga tebulo, zenera sills, makwerero, owerengera kapamwamba ndi kuti pali zinthu zina za m'mudzimo.

Kapangidwe porous zakuthupi chololera kudzaza selo ndi njira yapadera, umene anasunga kukopa travertine. Ena zosiyanasiyana mitundu ofanana mu maonekedwe ndi mtengo, potero kaphatikizidwe bwino ndi ena zipangizo zina ndi mipando.

Travertine chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mkati kalembedwe yakale yoyendera. Pankhaniyi, pamwamba ankachitira kuonjezera porosity ndi maselo wachisokonezo kufala.

Pa ndime ndi mchere zachilengedwe ambiri komanso kuzitsanzira ake - yokumba travertine. Nkhanizi ndi ofanana mu mtundu ndi kapangidwe, komabe osiyana mu kapangidwe ndi zina katundu.

Chifukwa chakuti ulimi wa simenti ntchito, travertine cladding chiyambi yokumba ndi zambiri kugonjetsedwa kwambiri dzimbiri.