Anarcho-syndicalism: tanthauzo, ikuimira. Anarcho-syndicalism ku Russia

Anarcho-syndicalism ndi imodzi mwa magulu ambiri lamanzere phiko mu dziko. Mu mawonekedwe umene tsopano, zikuoneka kuposa zaka zana zapitazo. Chisonyezo ali kumbali ambiri padziko lonse. Zochita zawo zandale zimachitika zosiyanasiyana m'madera. Osiyanasiyana ntchito ndale ndi lonse: kuchokera oimira mu Nyumba ya Malamulo ku Ulaya, kutsiriza ndi zionetsero msewu wa achinyamata. Ambiri nzeru ena otchuka zoyambirira za mazana makumi awiri zomwe amakhulupirira anarchist ndi mwachangu chinathandiza Kukwezeleza awo misa. Achinyamata ndi chotchuka anarcho-syndicalism. Ikuimira gulu limeneli umatchulidwatchulidwa zitsanzo ndi kunyanyala.

Chiyambi mu Russia

Anarcho-syndicalism anatuluka mu m'ma makumi awiri. Ali Ulaya anali wotchuka kwambiri zosiyanasiyana kayendedwe lamanzere phiko. Mu mabwalo a luntha umasinthasintha zinachitika critiques ntchito akatswiri otchuka a nthawi. Mmodzi wa n'ngopandukira woyamba otchuka anali Mikhail Bakunin. Mu njira yake kutanthauzira malingaliro ananena kale federalism. Radicalize iwo, adafika anarchism. Ntchito zake zoyamba analenga furor ku France ndi Germany. Anali timabuku kusindikizidwa mwachidule maganizo ake. The n'ngopandukira loyamba zinali zosiyana kwambiri ndi masiku ano. Mwalawapangodya zochita zawo ankaona mgwirizano wa onse ogwira ntchito mu communes kapena syndicates (choncho dzina). pankhondo yapakati-mitundu pamene zambiri sizinali choncho lakuthwa. Komabe, Bakunin ndi anthu ake ankakhulupirira kuti kumanga anthu popanda opondereza ndi oponderezedwa, n'zotheka ndipo pa maziko Pawokha yosiyanasiyana. Michael mwini yekha adayimirira pa udindo panslavism - lingaliro la kugwirizana kwa Asilavo onse. Iye anakhulupirira kuti chikhalidwe European nthawi zonse pa njira Asilavo a moyo, kuyesera kuphunzira zonsezo. malingaliro ake anawombera m'manja mwa oimira ambiri emigration Polish.

Roger Rocker

theorist wina wotchuka zaka mazana makumi awiri - R. Rocker. Anarcho-syndicalism mu chidziwitso chake chosiyana ndi "tingachipeze powerenga". Mosiyana Bakunin, anatenga mbali mu moyo ndale ku Ulaya. Iye anali wotchuka kwambiri wa Democratic Social Party wa Germany. khama lake bwino pokonza angapo mabungwe ogwira ncthito, amene anathandiza kwambiri pa zochitika kunachitika wa First World nkhondo. Mu makumi oyambirira kayendedwe leftist padziko lonse anali wamphamvu monga kale. Panali kusintha Russia, zomwe Ndithudi, anthu ouziridwa onse a mbali yake padziko lonse lapansi. Mu kukula kwa maufumu akale analenga boma latsopano. Mu zinthu izi, Roque anakwanitsa kuphatikiza magulu angapo zokomera. Mu la Republic Weimar panali kumbali ya anarcho-syndicalism. Komabe, ndi kudza kwa ulamuliro wa National Socialist n'ngopandukira ndi nthumwi zina za kwakukulu mafunde kumanzere anayamba titsatire. Pambuyo kulalikidwa kwa Mtsogoleri Hitler Rocker anathawira ku America, kumene anakafa m'chaka cha 1958, kusiya chuma chachikulu m'nthawi.

mfundo

Anarcho-syndicalism ndi gulu mpaka kumanzere. Ngakhale zinthu zambiri zofanana, ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi chikominisi. Chimodzi kusiyana ndicho kukana statehood. N'ngopandukira amakhulupirira kuti n'zosatheka kumanga anthu popanda kuwononga onse anapanga, zifukwa mbiri boma. Komanso motere, ndi kuwakana magawano mafuko a mitundu ina. Mtundu watsopano iyenera kumangidwa kokha chifukwa cha kudzikonda gulu la ogwira ntchito padziko lonse. Kapangidwe masanjidwe ayenera kwathunthu adakana. N'ngopandukira alibe nawo zochitika za boma. ntchito ndale chikuchitika okha basi ntchito chosintha. Splicing ndi zida boma ndi zinadzala kudutsana opondereza kanthu.

The njira ya kulimbana

Anarcho-Syndicalism adzatenge gulu m'munda. Syndicates antchito zikhazikitsidwe mfundo za mothandizana ndi kumvetsa. umodzi Izi zingamuthandize nkhondo ufulu wawo. Monga njira imatengedwa otchedwa mwachindunji. Timam'konda, inawomba zionetsero m'misewu, ndi zina zotero. Pambuyo chigamulo pa chiyambi cha zochita za ntchito yake pothandiza antchitowo onse. Zimene yadaikidwa kuti apeze madera ndi kuyala maziko a tsogolo la zisinthe. Kukwera A anthu chifukwa cha chimangidwe basi cholinga chachikulu cha anarcho-syndicalists.

collectivity

zochita zonse zokhudza moyo watsiku ndi tsiku ayenera kumwedwa ndi kuponya mavoti ambiri mu chimango cha mabungwe ogwira ntchito. Ndipo ngati limagwirira kuti zochita ankaona ambiri misonkhano antchito, amene anali wotseguka kwa anthu onse a anthu, kaya akhale a chikhalidwe, mtundu kapena aliyense amayanjana ena. Anakana pazandale kunja kwa mabungwe awa. Ndi zoletsedwa ndi mtundu uliwonse mgwirizano ndi zida boma. Mu nthawi ya wamkulu n'ngopandukira chikoka sindinayambe nawo chisankho ndipo sinditi kunyengerera ndi boma. Aliyense kuponya inatha pambuyo makampani kasamalidwe chofunika kusintha. Pankhaniyi, antchito okha Musamangocheza ndi udindo ndi ayambenso ndi Zionetsero pa mphindi iliyonse.

gulu la communes

Kulankhula ankayenera kuti bungwe yekha pamodzi mizere yopingasa. Pa nthawi yomweyo anakana mutu uliwonse ndi osankhika. Anthu anali kumanga moyo wawo mkati ukwati wawo nzeru zake yekha, kutenga nkhani ya maganizo a zotheka chiwerengero chachikulu cha ophunzira. Mabungwe akhoza kugwirizana ndi mzake, koma pa mfundo za kufanana. ammudzi kumanga boma kapena fuko anakana. Malinga theorists otchuka, syndicates maphunziro pa mfundo za Kukwera okhazikika anali kutsogolera ku chilengedwe cha Union the World.

umwini payekha

Muzu wa vuto la syndicalists ano anthu amakhulupirira chuma payekha. Malinga ndi iwo, gulu la anthu mu makalasi zinachitika pambuyo pa koyamba kwa chuma payekha (njira ya ulimi). Yogawa inequitable chuma zinachititsa chakuti munthu aliyense wakhala mpikisano ndi anthu ena a anthu. Ndi zambiri otukuka capitalist chitsanzo cha ubale kwambiri, mogwirizana umenewu mfundo mizu mu malingaliro a anthu. Ndizoonekeratu ku mkhalidwe umenewu ndi boma kuti ziwalo yekha Chilango, zomwe kukhazikitsa njira zinthu zofuna za kagulu ka anthu. Choncho, chiwonongeko cha amenewa dongosolo masanjidwe n'chotheka pambuyo chiwonongeko cha bizinesi. Kuchokera pamwamba ndizoonekeratu kuti anarcho-syndicalism - ndi worldview kuti adzatenge kulimbana anthu wamba ufulu wawo kudzera mwachindunji, kukana kugwirizana ndi adani a Aisiraeli, chifukwa cha akumanga anthu chabe. Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane za momwe zinaliri mu Russia.

Anarcho-syndicalism ku Russia

Mu Russia woyamba anarcho-syndicalists anaonekera m'zaka za m'ma makumi awiri. Zoyenda zinachitika ambiri mu sing'anga mwapang'onopang'ono ozindikira ndipo watenga chitsanzo cha Decembrists. Mothandizidwa ongolankhula, makamaka Bakunina n'ngopandukira yokuthandizani kukhala ogwira ntchito ndi bungwe kugwirizanitsa choyamba. Iwo ali kutchedwa "populist". Poyamba, mndandanda wa malingaliro andale populists ndi osiyana kwambiri. Koma posakhalitsa, anaima phiko kwakukulu mwa opandukawo motsogozedwa Bakunin. Cholinga chawo, iwo anaika kugalukira otchuka. Malinga ndiye anarcho-syndicalists, pambuyo kugalukira ndi Kuukira boma adzawonongedwa, ndipo malo ake adzauka zosiyanasiyana antchito boma ndi kulankhula, umene maziko a dongosolo latsopano la anthu. maganizo ofanana akhala anatsutsa Chikomyunizimu. Adawayitana kwambiri zosatheka. Maziko zotsutsa anali kopanda kuti, ngakhale mu nkhani chiwonongeko cha boma capitalist sadzakhala boma anthu, chifukwa maiko oyandikana yomweyo mwayi pa zimenezi.

modernity

Palinso ano anarcho-syndicalism. Flag wofiira wake ndi wakuda, minda onse ali pa cham'mbali. Mtundu wofiira ndi kutchula zokomera onse, ndi wakuda - kuti chisokonezo. syndicalists Modern ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi akapolo anzawo akale. Ngati makumi awiri mabungwe m'ma anarchist anthu mamiliyoni ambiri, koma tsopano akhala mnyamata amaponderezedwa. Ku Ulaya pali kutchuka kukula maganizo leftist. Komabe, m'malo timalimbana ndi kalasi lochitira latsopano anarcho-syndicalists anaika patsogolo polimbana zosiyanasiyana tsankho. Nthawi zina chifukwa zionetsero ndi chotheka Choncho, m'dziko sunalinso kuthandiza misa anarcho-syndicalism. The tanthauzo la mfundo imeneyi, izi oposa zaka zana zapitazo, lero kutanthauziridwa mu njira zosiyanasiyana, nchifukwa chake ngakhale m'malo a n'ngopandukira mulibe umodzi. Choncho, zoyenda sagwirizana ndi anthu.

The kanthu wotchuka

N'ngopandukira kuposa zaka zana akhala kukhala wochitachita mu njira zosiyanasiyana zandale za tanthauzo la m'mbiri. Mu makumi, iwo achita mbali yaikulu kukhazikitsidwa kwa Republic Weimar, komanso kusintha boma m'mayiko ena. Pakachitika zonse zambiri n'kuyamba kufooka mu zachiwawa anthu. Monga Tingaone malo ambiri, mu France yekha, pa wani miliyoni anathandiza anarcho-syndicalism. Kodi izo, iwo momveka sangathe kuyankha chifukwa makamaka anthu awa a Boma osaukitsitsa a anthu. Koma iwo anatha kupulumutsa kwambiri za mavuto boma. Mu 30s a zikwi n'ngopandukira anapita ku Spain nawo nkhondo yapachiweniweni.