Mitundu ya ndale ndi andale

Kuti timvetse zomwe mabungwe andale a dongosolo lino, limene zigawo zikuluzikulu zidzasankhidwa ndi chiyani kwenikweni ndale, muyenera kuzindikira terminology lapansi.

Andale ndi ya ntchito za nkhani zandale zokhudzana ndi kukhazikitsa mphamvu boma, maunansi awo ndi mgwirizano zochokera maziko phindu normative. N'chimodzimodzi ndi lingaliro la "andale" ndi akuti "bungwe landale la anthu."

Mwachidule, dongosolo la ndale imatengedwa umodzi wa boma, malamulo, chikhalidwe, mabungwe andale ndi malamulo, komanso ntchito tonse zisudzo ndale, zimathandiza kuti kukhazikitsa ndi kasamalidwe akuluakulu a boma.

Ngakhale kuti dongosolo la ndale - izo ndi indivisible lonse, ndi, dongosolo lililonse lagawidwa m'zigawo, ndipo amatchedwa subsystems kapena muzochitika.

Subsystem wa dongosolo la ndale:

• Mabungwe. Mbuto ikulu kuti ali ndi boma ena kuposa subsystem chake kumaphatikizapo waukulu andale, atolankhani, mipingo, anthu a mdera, ubale iwo. Kumbukirani kuti mabungwe a dongosolo la ndale - izo zinachitika formations mbiri khola, ya malamulo, malamulo (osankhidwa ndi osasankhidwa), zomera, etc., cholinga bungwe dongosolo la ndale. andale - si bungwe landale.

Mabungwe a dongosolo la ndale, nayenso, anawagawa ubale zolimbana, chikhalidwe. Chiyanjano chimatanthauza magawano udindo ofotokoza za dongosolo la ndale, malamulo chimatanthauza chimango malamulo, chikhalidwe udindo zofuna za Boma ena kapena magulu onse. mabungwe Cultural n'zogwirizana ndi mfundo "ntchito zandale".

• dera zolimbana (subsystem) ali ndi Udindo chikhalidwe, malamulo abwino a anthu, nthawi zandale, kuthandiza miyambo.
• Zinchito subsystem ndi ya njira ndikukhazikitsa mphamvu.
• Wochezeka njira yonse politvzaimodeystviya.
• Nazi imalongosola malingaliro andale ndi worldview.
• Cultural subsystem - ndi ya makhalidwe a zanyengo ndale za anthu, makhalidwe, maganizo modes khalidwe, zolinga. Iwo politkultura zimalimbikitsa mtendere wa dongosolo, anthu kupitiriza cha zandale, kusintha kwa mibadwo ndale.

Ngati tikulingalira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ndale, tingasiyanitsire:

• Opondereza andale. Izi chatsekedwa mtundu dongosolo, chifukwa cha mphamvu ya chipani cholamulira, ndilo maziko a dongosolo. boma ukufanizidwa ndi akuluakulu omwe ali ndi udindo kufalitsidwa kwa mankhwala ntchito kwathunthu. Kufalitsa limafanana ndi malo a udindo pa anthu, ndipo munthu ali kotheratu gulu la. mabungwe Public amathera kokha malamulo a chipani cholamulira. dissent aliyense mwaukali kuletsedwa.
• Owolowa manja, demokalase yosiyanasiyana ya ndale yodziwika ndi omasukirana. Kulola umwini payekha, Gona msika pa chuma, zipani ndi pamaso pa ndale Mipikisano chipani khalidwe malamulo ndi kukhalapo kwa mabungwe demokalase. Izi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ndale kutanthauza ubale wa anthu onse andale pa maziko a malamulo a. Cholinga - kuonetsetsa zinthu waukulu wa anthu wonse.
• kachitidwe chosakhalitsa osiyanasiyana zochitika mfundo malinga kusanganikirana (ndi zina zotsutsana) ndi njira. Pa kusintha nthawi mphamvu m'dera zipani ndi kulolerana ndale, kufunafuna kusintha komanso kuyesetsa kusunga dongosolo akale. The boma dongosolo Transitional mwina kapena kulimbikitsa maganizo atsopano wokhala zamoyo wa boma, kapena kupewa zodabwitsazi.

Pali ena classifications zina za ndale. Ena politologists akutali odalirika-ndiwofatsa miyambo chikominisi. Other gawo pa chokhala ndi European, Anglo-American, wankhanza. Maziko a classifications zosiyanasiyana kuyika njira zosiyanasiyana: ndale, utsogoleri, chuma.