Anatoly Efros - Soviet filimu ndi wotsogolera zisudzo. Wambiri, zilandiridwenso

Efros Anatoliy Vasilevich (zaka za moyo - 1925-1987) - wotsogolera filimu Soviet ndi mphunzitsi. Mu 1976 iye analandira udindo wa analemekeza Chithunzi cha RSFSR lapansi.

Chiyambi ndi oyambirira zaka

Anatoly anabadwa mu Kharkov, June 3, 1925. banja lake sikuli kwa chilengedwe ed. Makolo Anatoly ntchito pa fakitale ndege. Komabe, tsogolo wotsogolera ubwana amakonda zisudzo. Iye anali ndi chidwi Stanislavsky, werengani za zisudzo wake. Nditamaliza sukulu ya sekondale, Anatoly anayamba kuphunzira mu Moscow. Iye sukulu pa bwalo lamasewera. Moscow Council City.

Kuphunzira GITIS

Efros Anatoliy Vasilevich mu 1944 analowa GITIS pa kutsogolera dipatimenti (Inde M. O. Knebel ndi NV Petrova). Mu 1950 anamaliza ulemu. Maphunziro ntchito Anatoly Vasilyevich - "Prague ndi wanga", analengedwa ndi ndende tsikulo Yu Fucik. Kusankha mbuye ndipo maphunzirowo kunapezeka kuti mwayi kwa Efros: Knebel, mphunzitsi wamkulu ndi mwana wa Stanislavsky, anali kum'patsa kutha kumvetsa wochenjera maganizo zisudzo. Chifukwa moyo wake wonse Anatoliy anakhalabe wodzipereka luso "zinachitikira." Iye anayamba ndi akumvera reworked dongosolo Stanislavsky, komanso njira zake ntchito ndi wosewera wa.

The zisudzo loyamba la ntchito mu CDT

Anatoly kuika zisudzo lake loyamba mu Ryazan zisudzo, ndipo mu 1954 anaikidwa wotsogolera wamkulu wa Moscow chapakati Ana Theatre. CDT (tsopano Youth Theatre) pamene Efros anayamba GAWO zisudzo osati ana. Apa panadza zisudzo wamng'ono, amene maina awo kenako otchuka Russian siteji: Oleg Tabakov, Oleg Efremov, Lev Durov. Ndipo Anatoly Efros anathandiza awulule talente. Ilo liri mu MDGs mu 1950s ndi anaika mfundo za zisudzo latsopano la m'dziko lathu.

Ndi dzina la V. Rozov (onani chithunzi pakati), Wolemba wina, yogwirizana ndi gawo lofunika pa ntchito oyambirira a Anatoly Vasilyevich (onani chithunzi kumanzere), komanso Russian zisudzo ambiri. A zambiri za masewero amene ankachitika ndi wolemba izi Efros: mu 1957 - "Ndikusangalala", mu 1960 - "wosiyana nkhondo", mu 1962 - "pamaso chakudya." Pambuyo pake, pamene ntchito Anatoly Vasilyevich zisudzo Lenin Komsomol mu 1964 anasonyezedwa "tsiku la ulemerero," ndipo mu 1972, pa zisudzo pa Malaya Bronnaya kuyamba "m'bale Alyosha" ndi Fedoru Dostoevskomu. The CDT wina wa zisudzo loyamba Anatoly Vasilyevich anali kusewera mu 1955, "Zabwino zonse!" (Pinki). Ndinafunitsitsa kwambiri ndi wotsogolera O. Efremov. Kumene, ntchito ili linali lothandiza kukhala ndi maganizo "Contemporary", wotchuka kwambiri mu 1950s, ndi Russian zisudzo. Chinatseguka zaka ziwiri kenako kusewera "Kwamuyaya Amoyo" Pinki ankachitika Efuraimu. Kumene, Efros tinganene kuti m'modzi wa omwe adayambitsa wa bwalo lamasewera. Umboni winanso ichi - chakuti Anatoly kuika "Contemporary" mmodzi wa zisudzo choyamba - "Palibe" (E. De Filippo) Lydia Tolmacheva ndi Efraimu.

chodabwitsa Efros

Chodabwitsa Efros, amene anali limodzi ndi mkulu pafupifupi moyo wake wonse (kupatula nthawi yomaliza ya ake) anali chakuti kutchuka kwake sikunali yaikulu mokweza. Anatoly sanali ozunguza kapena "yapamwamba" wotsogolera. Ngakhale maina ena chinapokosera - O. Efremov (mu 1960), Yuri Lyubimov (mu 1970 ndi). Iwo anali ngwazi (ndipo mpake kotero) zisudzo omvera cha zaka. Komabe, mphamvu za kulenga za Anatoly Efros mwa akatswiri (atsogoleri, zisudzo, playwrights, otsutsa) ndi mkulu kwambiri. Kumene, zisudzo zake zinali bwino ndi omvera, iwo mosangalala amayang'ana ndi okondedwa ndi ambiri. Komabe, pofuna kumvetsetsa zonse luso ndi kuya kwa "otsika buku" kutsogolera Anatoly Vasilyevich ndikanangokhala ogwira anali mkati bwalo lamasewera. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti pafupifupi onse a zisudzo, amene ankagwira ntchito limodzi ndi Efros, akukumbukira ntchito mgwirizano uwu monga chimwemwe chenicheni. A mkulu mlingo kwambiri la kuzindikira, mwina apamwamba - osati kukhala yaitali pa moyo wa mkulu wotchuka, komanso nthano kwa anzake amene amakhala osati kwambiri okonda kwambiri ndi kafukufuku onse aluntha.

Natalia Krymov ndi Anatoly Efros

Kukoleji wotsogolera kwambiri A. Efros ndi sewero bwino ndi zisudzo wotsutsa 1960-80-ntchentche N. Krymov anali pafupi. mgwirizano linali banja, anali wamphamvu kulenga tandem, Mzimuyo tsoka kwa zaka zambiri zisudzo Russian. Iwo anali mwana, wotchedwa Dmitry, amene anakhala wotsogolera ndi gawo mlengi.

Ntchito muholo. Lenin Komsomol

Anatoly Efros anatha kukhala otchuka CDT. Kenako anaikidwa bwalo lamasewera. Lenin Komsomol wotsogolera aakulu (mu 1963). zisudzo Izi kudutsa nthawi yovuta ndiye. Bwererani chikondi cha omvera iye anali Efros - tizidalira kuti Dipatimenti ya Culture. A Way lonse la zisudzo aluso anali anasonkhana pansi pa mbendera ya Anatoly Vasilyevich. maina awo yomweyo anatchuka kwambiri mu lonse Moscow zisudzo ambiri zakufa zikomo kwa wotsogolera uyu luso, Anatoly Efros. Ndipo Olga Yakovleva ndi A. Zbruev, ndi amisiri ena odziwika (A. Dmitriev, Yu Kolychev, M. Derzhavin, A. Shirvindt, V. Larionov, L. Durov ndi ena.) Anali wotchuka kwambiri. Kum'patsa ku bwalo lamasewera. zochitika zenizeni kukhala zisudzo ambiri mwa iwo: 1964 "Pa tsiku la ukwati" ndi "104 masamba chikondi", 1965 "Mai Osauka Marat" ndi "kupanga filimu ...", 1966 - "The mbalameyi" ndi "Moliere" . M'nyimbo sewero Efros (osati publicist!) Pakuti sewero chi (Radzinsky, pinki, vwende) anali kusamala kwambiri. Iwo clotted mavuto existential wa anzeru a nthawi, kuganiza zomwe malo amaperekedwa kwa anthu onse m'dziko. Komabe, chimodzimodzi zogwirizana ndi mawu tingachipeze powerenga za Anatoly Vasilyevich, ndipo zimenezi ngakhale kuti chiwawa "zamakono" sizinali mu iwo. Unachititsa wosakhutira. Anatoly Efros inachotsedwa pa utsogoleri wa amalowa mu 1967.

Efros anakhala mkulu wa zisudzo pa Malaya Bronnaya

Iye anakhala wotsogolera lotsatira tsopano ndi zisudzo pa Malaya Bronnaya. Komabe wodzichepetsa malo sanaletse chakuti zisudzo yomweyo pambuyo kubera Anatoly Vasilyevich unadziwika ngati "Efros zisudzo." Sikuti onse ndi zaka 17 kuti wotsogolera uyu anagwira dzina lake, koma patapita zaka zambiri. zaka 17 ndakhala kwa Anatoly Efros osangalala, ngakhale kovuta. The mbali zabwino za mtengo wa lotsatira anali kuti kunapangitsa kuti azipeza kuganizira ntchito yawo.

Efros atazunguliridwa ndi kampani lalikulu - kuchokera Lenkoma pambuyo pake anapita wina wa ochita pa. Onse amene anagwira ntchito Anatoly Vasilyevich, adadzikweza ophunzira ake, ngakhale amene sanali kuphunzira GITIS pa ulendo wake (iye kuphunzitsa intermittently kuyambira 1964). Malaya Bronnaya ntchito imodzi V. Gaft, L. Durov, A. Yakovlev, N. Volkov, M. Shirvindt, Bronevoy L., L. Round, M. Derzhavin, A. Dahl, A. Petrenko, S. Lyubshin, E . Korenev, Bambo Martyniuk, Saifulin G., M. Kanev. Zaka mgwirizano ndi Efros kwa ambiri a iwo analidi Nyenyezi. Pang'onopang'ono, zisudzo, ili Malaya Bronnaya, inasandulika chilikati cha moyo wauzimu likulu - ndipo ichi ngakhale kuti panali Taganka. Zisudzo Anatoliya Efrosa adawomba waukulu ndi osiyana counterpoint kuti analenga. wotsogolera zisudzo A. Efros anali wojambula, osati wandale. wamba panopo ndi umuyaya.

Kugwirizana ndi Yuri Lyubimov

Mu 1970, ndi ubale Efros ndi Wokondedwa (onani chithunzi pamwambapa) anali makampani komanso mwaulemu. Anatoly Efros mu 1973 ankachitika pansi udindo "Basi mawu ochepa Poteteza Monsieur de A Moliere". Udindo waukulu mu pazochitika Lyubimov. Ndiyeno, anaitanidwa ku zisudzo pa Taganka Efros kuti siteji kusewera "The Cherry zipatso." chachilendo anapereka zisudzo tagankovskim nawo mmenemo.

Zisudzo za masewero Agiriki ndi chi ankachitika pa zisudzo pa Malaya Bronnaya

mawu A pa Malaya Bronnaya anakhala nthano woona - makamaka tingachipeze powerenga. "Romeo ndi Juliet," "Zitatu Sisters," "Othello," "ukwati," "A Mwezi m'Dziko", "Don Giovanni", "M'bale Alyosha" - aliyense wa iwo anali zamakono zosayembekezereka choonetsedwa, kuwululidwa latsopano aliyense wa anthu ake mbali ya luntha lake. Komabe Theatre Anatoly Efros atagonjetsa adani ake aakulu luso imagwiranso zisudzo kuvala kusewera zamakono "Old Arbat Fairy nkhani," "Wodala Masiku wosasangalala munthu", "Theatre Director", "Chilimwe ndi Utsi", "munthu", etc. . Anatoly ntchito kwambiri mu nthawi imeneyi pa TV, kufunafuna njira yatsopano ya mawu. Iye analembanso kwambiri pa pepala chikukonzekera kuganiza za m'tsogolo ndiponso panopa bwalo lamasewera.

masewera andale

Ngakhale kuti A. Dunaev, amene ankagwira ntchito pa zisudzo pa wotsogolera yaikulu Malaya Bronnaya, iye werera, Efros zisudzo nthawi zambiri zoletsedwa. Komabe, Anatoly anayesa moyo, mosamalitsa kupewa, monga ngati angatsutse kuti masewera andale amene amaonedwa osayenera bwalo lamasewera. Efros osati wotsogolera waima. Modernity chuma wake Zimapezeka ndi mavuto anadzutsa yokhudza ndi kufufuza za anzeru, ndi fano limene iye ndinayamba. Ndi wotsogolera m'ma 70 Anatoly Efros anayamba kuonedwa kuti manyazi. M'mawu ake pa mutu chi zinali zovuta kupeza allusions ndale komanso - Iwo ankaletsedwanso Mwachitsanzo, "wonyenga Kokobashkin". Komabe, ndi upamwamba sikudakhala mophweka - ndi Anatoly Efros anayamba mlandu choona kuti asokoneza izo. Ntchito pa Malaya Bronnaya Street anali womaliza ndi bata wotsogolera gawo ntchito.

zaka mwakhama ntchito pa Taganka Theater

Kogan, mkulu wa zisudzo, mu 1983, analengeza nkhondo Efros. Mu 1984, Anatoly kumanzere kwake. Komabe, si angochoka - Efros anapita kukagwira ntchito wotsogolera wamkulu Taganka Theatre, mu udindo uwu ndi kuchotsa Yuri Lyubimov. Makamaka modabwitsa zinafika pa nthawi ya moyo wake. Anatoly nthawizonse mwanjira anakokera mu masewera ndale, ngakhale kuti nthawi zonse kupewa iwo. Kwa nthawi yoyamba zisudzo wake anayamba imawunikidwa pa chikhalidwe koposa muyezo luso.

Zovuta tsoka ankamuyembekezera mkulu Anatoly Efros. mbiri pa nthawi imeneyi zachulukazi ndi chizindikiro kusamvetsetsa pa mbali anzake. Mkulu watsopano wa anthu ogwira ntchito zisudzo sanamvere. Ndithudi unachita pano, ndi chiŵerengero cha Yuri Lyubimov, amene an'gumana mu kufika kuponya loswa wa Efros. Lyubimov ali mokweza ananena kuti mnzake ake anapanga "kuperekedwa." Tagankovskie zisudzo ochepa atha kugwirizana ndi Efros - Smekhov V., V. Zolotukhin, A. Demidov. Ena ananena ndi kunyanyala aukali. njira zambiri zokayikitsa za kulimbana analowa sewero. Kudzera kukana wa gululo lonse anamasulidwa zisudzo lotsiriza la Anatoly Vasilyevich - ". Chokongola Lamlungu masanje" "The Cherry zipatso," "The Misanthrope," "m'munsi kuya" ophunzira ambiri mu nkhondo imeneyi pambuyo pake anayamba kunena kuti iwo anali kulakwitsa. Komabe, izi zinachitika nthawi zambiri.

Imfa ya A. Efros

Anatoly Efros, January 13, 1987, anamwalira ndi matenda a mtima. Masiku ano, dzina la Anatoly Vasilyevich anakhala gawo la mbiri ya luso ed a dziko, pamodzi ndi maina kwambiri monga K. S. Stanislavsky, V. E. Meyerhold, E. B. Vahtangov, A. Ya. Tairov.