Ancient Hellas. ndi "chiyambi cha chitukuko European" n'chiyani?

Ancient Greece Sichangozi wotchedwa kunayambira chitukuko European. dziko laling'ono yathandiza yaikulu pa zomwe zimangokhala malo ambiri osiyanasiyana a moyo wa munthu. Mwachitsanzo, wakale nthano Achigiriki sanataye kufunika kwake lero. Monga mu masiku amenewo, ali bwino ndithu kuonetsa dziko mumtima wa munthu, ubale anthu ndi mphamvu za chilengedwe.

Kodi "Hellas"

Dzina lina limene Agiriki wotchedwa kwawo - Greece. Kodi "Hellas", kodi phindu anapatsa mawu awa? Popeza kuti izi n'zimene Agiriki wotchedwa kwawo. Agiriki monga Agiriki wotchedwa Aroma wakale. Kumasulira kwa awo "Greek" chinenero amatanthauza "croaking". Kwenikweni, zimenezi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti Aroma akale sanali mau a chinenero cha Agiriki. Tamasulira kuchokera ku mawu a Chigiriki "Hellas" amatanthauza "Dawn."

Kunayambira chikhalidwe European

amalanga ambiri, monga mankhwala, ndale, luso ndi mabuku, anabadwa pa dera la Greece. Asayansi amavomereza kuti chitukuko anthu sanathe zimatheka popanda chitukuko cha chidziwitso zamakono pa kutaya Greece wakale. Icho chinali choyamba mfundo nzeru zaumunthu, amene umagwira ntchito ya sayansi onse panopa inakhazikitsidwa pa madera ake. Pali anaikidwa ndi zauzimu za chitukuko European. Othamanga of Ancient Greece anali woyamba Olympic akatswiri. Mfundo yoyamba za dziko - onse chogwirika komanso chosaoneka ndi maso - akhala akufuna akale Greek nzeru zapamwamba Aristotle.

Ancient Greece - malo luso ndiponso sayansi

Ngati timatenga nthambi iliyonse ya sayansi kapena luso, ndi njira imodzi kapena wina azidzakonda kudziwa tinasonkhanitsa pa nthawi ya Greece wakale. A chopereka kwambiri chitukuko cha kadziwidwe ka kalekale zinapangidwa ndi asayansi Herodotus. ntchito zake zoyenera kuphunzira nkhondo Agiriki ndi Persian. Komanso chopereka zikuluzikulu chitukuko cha masamu chiphunzitso cha Pythagoras ndi Archimedes. Agiriki akale anatulukira nambala yaikulu zipangizo zimene zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka nkhondo.

Chidwi kuti akatswiri a masiku ano ndi njira ya moyo wa Ahelene, amene anali kunyumba kwa Hellas. Kodi moyo pa chiyambi cha chitukuko, izo momveka bwino kwambiri zimene akufotokoza ntchito yakuti, "Iliad." chipilala mabuku, amene umapulumuka lero, limafotokoza zochitika m'mbiri ya nthawi ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku la Agiriki. The ntchito chidali "Iliad" - izi ndi zoona limafotokoza zochitika.

patsogolo zamakono Hellas. ndi "kunayambira chitukuko European" n'chiyani?

M'nyengo yoyambirira ya chitukuko cha Agiriki akale ndi mwalamulo otchedwa Mdima Age. Imagwera pa zaka 1050-750 BC. e. Iyi ndi nthawi pamene anawonongedwa chikhalidwe Mycenaean - mmodzi wa chitukuko kwambiri zazikulu, amene amadziwika ndi kulemba. Komabe, tanthauzo la "Mdima Age" m'malo amatanthauza kusowa mfundo za nthawi iyi, osati zochitika zapadera. Ngakhale kuti kulemba inali kale anataika pa nthawi ino amayamba kudziwonetsa andale ndi zokongoletsa katundu, amene ali ndi Hellas wakale. Nthawi imeneyi, chiyambi cha Iron Age pali kale prototypes a mizinda ano. Greece ali atsogoleri ayamba ntchito m'madera ang'onoang'ono. Nyengo yatsopano mankhwalawa ndi kupenta zoumbaumba.

Chiyambi cha chitukuko azilandira chikhalidwe wakale Greek ankaona epics la Homer, amene ali a 776 BC. e. Analembedwa ndi thandizo la zilembo, amene anaitenga ku Foinike Hellas. Tanthauzo la mawu amene amatanthauza 'm'bandakucha' Pankhaniyi n'chofunikira: chiyambi cha chitukuko cha chikhalidwe wakale Greek chikugwirizana ndi kubadwa kwa chikhalidwe European.

Maluwa wamkulu wa Hellas akukumana m'nyengo wotchedwa zachikhalidwe. Zimatanthauza zaka 480-323 BC. e. Inali pa nthawi imeneyi ankakhala nzeru ena monga Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Sophocles, Aristophanes. Zimakhala ntchito zovuta kwambiri sculptural. Iwo anayamba kuonetsa malo a thupi si malo amodzi, koma wamphamvu. Agiriki nthawi kuti ankakonda olimbitsa ntchito zodzoladzola, kuchita amakonzera tsitsi.

Zolembalemba Hellas. tsoka ndi chiyani?

Osiyana kuganizira ayenera kuperekedwa zikamera wa Mitundu ya mavuto Comedy, amene chimachititsa kuti nthawi chakale mbiri ya Greece. Tsoka ukufika pachimake 5 m'ma BC. e. The mavuto otchuka kwambiri nthawi imeneyi ndi ntchito za Sophocles, Aeschylus ndi Euripides. Polemba chinenero anatuluka mwambo wolemekeza Diyonisiyo, imene ankaimba lachidule ndi moyo wa Mulungu. Choyamba anachita tsoka ndi wosewera imodzi yokha. Motero, onsewo malo kokaonera mafilimu masiku ano komanso Ellada. Izi (zimene tikudziwa iliyonse mbiri) ndi umboni wakuti chakuti chiyambi cha chikhalidwe European ayenera anafuna m'gawo la Greece.

Aeschylus anayambitsa wosewera wachiwiri zisudzo, anakhala mlengi wa kukambirana ndi kanthu kwambiri. Mu Sophocles, nambala womwewo wa zisudzo kale anafika atatu. Mavuto kuulula mkangano wa munthu ndi inexorable tsoka. Anakumana ndi mphamvu chabe zimene zinkachitika mu chikhalidwe ndi mu anthu, ndi protagonist kuzindikira chifuniro cha milungu ndi kumvera iye. The Agiriki anakhulupirira kuti cholinga chachikulu cha tsoka - ndi catharsis, kapena kuyeretsedwa, umene umachitika kum'patsa chisoni ngwazi ake.