Anthu nsomba ku Russia. zamanja Russian

anthu Russian akhala wokometsedwera nyumba zawo ndi zamanja zosiyanasiyana ndi zinthu panokha. Ambuye anapanga zinthu zawo nthawi zambiri monga kukongola, zinthu zonse ndi cholinga zawo zothandiza. Yopangidwa ndi zisulo zachilengedwe - matabwa, dongo ndi mwala - anapanga zosemasema. Luso, njira kupanga ndi luso chinsinsi munaupereka kwa anthu. M'nkhani ino mudzaphunzila mmene anthu malonda ku Central Russia wakhala wotchuka kwambiri.

Kodi anthu kusinthanitsa?

zamanja zosiyanasiyana anayamba kutuluka mu 15-16 zaka TH. Nthawiyi amagwirizana ndi kubadwa kwa luso wowerengeka. Chinachake Patapita zaka 17, amisiri anayamba kulenga zamanja wapadera zogulitsa. midzi yonse ndi m'midzi ntchito pa ulimi wa mankhwala wowerengeka Chotsimikizika.

N'chifukwa chiyani anthu malonda ku Central Russia chinayamba? chifukwa ndi losavuta - ozizira ndi njala. Pa nthawi yozizira, anthu anafunika kuchita zinthu mabanja awo chakudya. dothi osauka sanam'bweretsere okwanira kuchuluka kwa zokolola, moyo sikokwanira, kotero mbuye kukagulitsa malonda awo, ndipo panali atuluka. Kumene luso Russian ndi zamanja adanyamuka kumene kunali okwanira kuchuluka kwa zachilengedwe. Matabwa zamanja pa zinthu mitengo kumene dothi miyala anapambana mankhwala ambiri mwala, ndi zina zotero. D. Monga mukudziwa, kufunika amalenga okwanira, ndi kukulitsa nsomba dziko kumene anafunika.

Folk Tirhana na Timatheriyali anayamba kutuluka pang'ono kenako - pakati pa zana la 19. Masiku amenewo, panali wotchuka golide ulusi, nsalu kupenta ndi zitsulo processing. A amadza yaikulu maonekedwe a luso anali mpingo, ndipo ndi sukulu ina ya chizindikirochi kupenta. Ananyamula madongosolo kwa nsalu kuti mchitidwe umenewu ndi mipingo.

Anthu nsomba ku Russia

The luso Russian limadziwika osati dziko lathu, wowerengeka luso ali anatchuka padziko lonse. Ati katundu m'nyumba akhoza kukhala nkhani yayitali bwanji anthu chachikulu:

• Gzhel.
• Dymkovo chidole.
• Khokhloma.
• Palekh.
• Rostov enamel.
• Vologodskoe zingwe neri Al.

Dymkovo chidole

zaka zambirimbiri zapitazo, pa a mtsinjewo Vyatka anapanga mzinda umene bungwe kuthetsa Pamudzi. M'mawa uliwonse m'dera ankalimbikitsa kukhulupirira zopita ku ng'anjo, ndi chifukwa mosalekeza kwezani utsi adayitana kuthetsa - Dymkovo Pamudzi.

Munkakhala olamulira a mbiya. Kuchokera ku dongo iwo anachita mbale, ndi mapaipi amene kenako Kutentha mu uvuni. Malikhweru zinalengedwa makamaka mu mawonekedwe a nyama. Koma chidachitika osati pofuna kusangalatsa ana. anthu Vyatsky pansi pa wenzulo a mipope anakumana ndi mulungu wa dzuwa - Jari. Dymkovo chidole - wotchuka wowerengeka luso la ku Russia. Aliyense akudziwa momwe izo zikuwoneka. Izi dongo Russian mkazi pa nthawi siketi-belu ndi thewera yowala ndi nsidze wakuda. wokongola kavalidwe utoto dongosolo zosiyanasiyana. Ulamuliro waukulu ndi - zikhale yowala ndi zokongola.

Gzhel

Folk Tirhana na Timatheriyali N'zovuta kulingalira popanda Gzhel. Poyamba, izo anatenga dzina la mudzi ili makilomita 50 kuchokera Moscow. Iwo anakhala kumeneko ambuye, amene anayamba kulenga zadothi kwambiri luso. Iwo utoto cobalt. Kenako anaonekera mbale polufayansovaya. Ambuye anasonkhana mazana zithunzi zosiyana, tsopano zitsanzo zambiri zasungidwa mu Hermitage. Gzhel anthu anali kale ankayendetsa mbale zotsala pa misika ya Moscow, ambuye nthawi zambiri ankafotokoza mbale kuyitanitsa. Today n'kovuta kwambiri kuyerekeza popanda wowerengeka luso mankhwala Gzhel.

Palekh

Kukula kwa zamanja amatenga mbiri yake kwa zaka 13-14th. Panthawi imeneyi, ndipo anapanga malo ano chikhalidwe Russian - m'mudzi wa Palekh. Ndiye mwiniwake Prince paletzkiana, pambuyo mwiniwake anali Ivan Buturlin. mudzi analengedwa ndi ambiri zokambirana iconography. M'zaka za m'ma 20 m'mudzi wa amisiri chinkhoswe mu zokometsera zomanga kupenta, awononge mabokosi, milandu ndudu, notepads ndi bisernits. Mumadziwika mabokosi palehovskie ndi mazira Isitala ambiri adziwe. Patapita nthawi, m'mudzi anayamba kutuluka Palekh kakang'ono ndi wakuda utoto ndi papier-mache.

Khokhloma

Khokhloma luso anaonekera mu Russia mu Volga nkhalango Uzola mtsinje Mtsinje. Pali anapanga mudzi - seminoma, chichereŵechereŵe, ndi Novopokrovskiy Kuligin. Izo zinayambira kumeneko ndi hohloma. Mwatsoka, zamanja m'mphepete anapulumuka nthawi yathu si kwathunthu. Timadziŵa ntchito ya ambuye yekha kwa zaka za m'ma 19, ngakhale imatsimikizirika kuti luso limeneli linali kuphatikizapo, ndipo m'zaka 17.

Khokhloma wosiyana zina kupenta wapadera njira. Chinthu chapadera - kugwiritsa ntchito inki yakuda ndi cinnabar pa maziko golide. Kuti zokometsera mbale mbuye kulidzoza malata ufa, kenako ntchito wosanjikiza varnish ndi mafuta anaika mu uvuni. Chifukwa mkulu kutentha kuyanika mafuta anakhala chikasu, golide ndi malata anaonekera. Ambuye atsatira dongosolo ndi ndondomeko burashi ndi dzanja. akanema mtengo anakopeka mosamala. Today mbale Khokhloma Tingaone pa zisudzo zosiyanasiyana mayiko fairs.

Pavlovsky Posad shawls

Pavlovsky Posad ambiri adziwe chifukwa cha kufika kwa mipango ndi wokonzedwa ndi shawls. Kwa nthawi yoyamba nkhani kaso zovala linaikidwa pa Klyazma Mtsinje m'tauni ya Pavlov. Choncho dzina.

Pa fairs m'deralo, zimene zimachizidwa anakonza m'mabwalo chapakati, unatengera shawls omwazika pa hurray. Mukanatha kugula bandanas ndi dongosolo zosiyanasiyana - maluwa akutchire, maluwa, bouquets ndi masamba. Mipango zambiri amatchedwa padded. mawu awa anayamba kuitana shawls chifukwa cha momwe ntchito chitsanzo pa nsalu - kusindikizidwa nsalu. Master anali kuika nsalu pa bolodi ndi kumenya kujambula bwino okhala. Dzanja-kusindikizidwa nsalu luso alibe iliyonse mbuye. mipango Modern anapanga kudzera makina wapadera.

Rostov enamel

Malo handicrafts ku Central Russia monga midzi odziwika ndi m'midzi, Rostov - mmodzi wa iwo. M'zaka za m'ma 18, anabadwa ndi luso, monga enamel. kupenta ichi pa zitsulo enameled ndi utoto wapadera. Kale, mbuye utoto zithunzi. Ansembe ankavala zovala ndi zokongoletsa za enamel. Mpingo mbale ndi chikuto utoto pamanja ndi utoto wapadera zosagwira moto. The peculiarity wa ntchito imeneyi luso ndi isanafike kuwombera ukufanana ndi mtundu yofanana. Chifukwa kutentha mankhwala ng'anjo ayamba kusewera ndi mitundu yowala.

Zhostovo

trays utoto ku Zhostovo bwino kwa anthu ambiri. mudzi sakhala patali ndi likulu, ndi pamene amisiri m'dera analenga ntchito zimenezi luso monga Zhostovo thireyi. Master zojambula munda ndi munda maluwa pa wakuda maziko, akavalo atatu, akadali moyo ndi ena. The thireyi woyamba unali papier-mache.

Komanso amisiri ku Zhostovo utoto mabokosi kupenta, mabokosi wopera ndi mabokosi. Cha m'ma 19 m'ma anayamba kutulutsa zitsulo trays, mankhwala opangidwa ndi papier-mache kuvala backburner lapansi. Wotchuka mogometsa mu Zhostovo - Izi thireyi chowulungika, chojambulidwa pa wozungulira lapansi. Aliyense msonkhano wavala mankhwala ake mtundu umene mungamvetse mwini, kuti kukongola izi.

Modern zamanja Russian

zamanja Contemporary zikukangalika osauka. Today pa zisudzo ndi fairs, mukhoza kuwona zinthu zosiyanasiyana, ntchito zamanja ndi zojambula. Trends mu luso chi ni osiyana kwambili, apa ndi:

• Amagwiritsa mwa mababu kuwala;
• pakompyuta zikuchokera;
• photo;
• kung'anima achipolowe;
• ziboliboli ndi makhazikitsidwe, ndi ena.

Modern wowerengeka luso n'zovuta dzina limodzi, luso amisiri ali achitadi zimene akuchita bwino. Ngati zaka zingapo zapitazo, izo zinali zotheka kuti ajambule kapena sculpt dothi, tsopano n'zotheka kusonyeza zambiri. Koma, ngakhale, ndizosowa kupenta ndi kupenta amaphunzira ndi mankhwala yakale yoyendera choyambirira Russian. Miyambo aluso Russian m'mizinda yambiri, ndi moyo mpaka tsopano.

Pomaliza, Ndikufuna ati otsala wowerengeka luso malangizo amene sanali anafotokoza m'nkhani ino:

• kupenta Gorodets ;
• fedoksinskaya kakang'ono;
• Orenburg downy shawls;
• Vologda ndi zingwe Yelets;
• matryoshka;
• karpogolskaya, Abashevskaya filimonskaya ndi zidole;
• filigree;
• Kasli kuponyera.

Miyambo ya chozizwitsa antchito athu, amisiri, ndi amisiri ndi moyo m'dziko masiku ano. Ngakhale patsogolo luso, akale Russian Tirhana na Timatheriyali kupitiriza kusintha. Anapulumuka nthawi yathu zosemasema Tingaone mu kumalo osungirako zinthu zakale ndi zisudzo, kuyesa dzanja lake mu ntchito imeneyi mwakhama akhoza kukhala mu masukulu luso ndi malo chitukuko.