"Anthu osauka," Dostoevsky. Chidule cha buku la

Today tikukamba za munthu wa chidwi kwambiri ndi wanzeru mabuku mu mbiri ya mabuku Russian. Monga mukudziwa, izi - "anthu osauka" Dostoevsky. Chidule cha ntchito, ngakhale izo mokwanira kuona zilembo, kumva mlengalenga, koma adzalola kuti timudziwe bwino zisudzo zazikulu ndi mfundo chiwembu. Tiyeni tiyambe.

Ankadziwa atchulidwa pa

Devushkin Makar Alekseevich - ndi protagonist wa buku "Anthu Osauka" ndi Dostoevsky. Chidule limakupatsani kumvetsa ambiri za izo. Buthu - sorokasemiletny titular milandu, chaperekedwa kwa kulilembanso pepala limodzi la mabungwe ku St. Petersburg kwa odzichepetsa malipiro. Ndi chiyambi cha nkhani imene analowa mu nyumba yatsopano pafupi Fontanka, mu nyumba "yaikulu". Limodzi kulowera yaitali zili zitseko za zipinda za anthu ena, ndi Buthu huddles kumbuyo kugawa m'khitchini nawo. Previous kwawo kunali bwino, koma tsopano kwa mlangizi mu malo oyamba - wotchipa, chifukwa iye ali kulipira mu chomwecho pabwalo mtengo ndi omasuka nyumba kwa Varvara Dobroselova, wachibale wake kutali. boma osauka komanso amasamalira ndi wamasiye seventini chimodzi chimene, popanda Devushkin, kungoti palibe amene kupembedzela.

Yambani wofatsa ubwenzi Makar ndi Varenka

Barbara ndi Makar moyo pafupi, koma zimachitika - Buthu mantha miseche ndi miseche. Komabe, onse amafunika chifundo ndi chikondi. Kodi savutika kupeza ngwazi za buku "Osauka Anthu" ndi Dostoevsky? Chidule simanena mmene makalata anayamba pakati Makar ndi Varenka, koma posachedwapa iwo amayamba kulemba kwa wina ndi mzake tsiku lililonse. 31 kalata kuchokera Makar ndi 24 - kuchokera Wari, zinalembedwa kuti nthawi kuchokera 8 April 30 September 184 ... mzinda awulule ubwenzi wawo. Official wokanayo Mavalidwe ndi kudya kuti kuonetsetsa ndalama maswiti ndi maluwa ake "mngelo." Barbara, nayenso ali okwiya ndi woyang'anira wake kwa ndalama yapamwamba. Makar limanena kuti lotengeka ndi chimodzi chokha chikondi makolo. Mkazi amauza iye kubwerera zambiri kukaona, kunena, yemwe cholakwika? Barbara komanso zimatengera ntchito kunyumba - kusoka.

Ziyenera kukhala makalata angapo. Makar imakamba bwenzi lake kunyumba, kuyerekeza kwa chombo cha Noah ndi kuchuluka kwa omvera motley akuyandikira kwa zithunzi ake oyandikana.

Apa pakubwera mkhalidwe watsopano ndi zovuta mu moyo wa heroine wa buku "Osauka Anthu" ndi Dostoevsky. Chidule ambiri limatiuza za momwe Varenke amaphunzira msuwani wake lakutali, Anna Fedorovna. Ena nthawi Varya ndi mayi ake ankakhala m'nyumba ya Anna Feodorovna, ndi potsata mkazi, kuti athe kubisa ndalama, anandiuza msungwana (panthawi imeneyo kale wamasiye) wotetezedwa mwinimunda Bykov. Iye wavula ndipo tsopano Varya nkhawa kuti ng'ombe zamphongo ndi Consolidated mukudziwa adiresi ake. Kuopa chinasokoneza thanzi la munthu wosawuka, ndipo kusamalira Makar nawalanditsa naye komaliza "imfa". Officer amagulitsa yunifolomu yake yakale, kupita kwawo "Yasochka". Pofika m'chilimwe akuchira Barbara, kusamalira ndi amatumiza cholemba lina, limene limafotokoza nkhani ya moyo wake.

Odala Childhood Wari wadutsa mu chifuwa cha chikhalidwe mudzi mwa mabanja mbadwa. Koma posakhalitsa, banja la bambo ndi anachotsedwa ntchito, kenako mndandanda wa zolephera ena amene anabwera naye kwa manda. Khumi chaka chimodzi Varya ndi mayi ake anatsala yekha mu dziko lonse, ndipo anakakamizika kugulitsa nyumba kulipira ngongole. Pa nthawi imeneyi, ndipo awo kutetezedwa ku Anna Fyodorovna. Mayi Vari ntchito mwakhama ndipo potero akuwononga thanzi kale poopsa, koma anapitiriza chitonzo woyang'anira wake. Nawonso anayamba kuphunzira Varia Peter Pokrovsky - wophunzira wakale, amene ankakhala m'nyumba imodzi. Mkazi kuona kuti chabwino ndi zaukhondo munthu amachitira chipongwe kwa atate wake, amene M'malo mwake, anayesetsa mmene ndingathere kuona mwana wake wokondedwa. Munthu uyu kale anali msilikali wabwino, koma ndi nthawi ya mbiri yathu ali potsiriza ataledzera. Petulo mayi mwinimunda Bykov nampatsa ndi malowolo chidwi, koma posakhalitsa anafa ali aang'ono kukongola. Wosiyidwa anakwatiwanso. Chimodzimodzi Potr ros payokha, ng'ombe anakhala woyang'anira yake, iye anayamba kuika mnyamatayo, amene anakakamizika kusiya chifukwa cha anayambitsa zaumoyo, "mkate" Anna Feodorovna wake "wodziwa kochepa."

Achinyamata pafupi limodzi, kusamalira osati kudzuka ku bedi mayi Siyanitsani. Ophunzira Woman bwino kuyamba kuphunzitsa kuwerenga, zinamuthandiza kukhala ndi kukoma. Koma patapita kanthawi Basil kudwala chifuwa cha TB ndipo anamwalira. Likuvutika maliro Hostess amanyamula zinthu zingapo onse a womwalirayo. Munthu wakale bambo ake anatha kutenga iye mabuku ochepa, anadzaza chipewa awo, matumba, ndi zina zotero. D. Anapita mvula. Munthu wakale kulira, anathamangira pambuyo ngolo imene inanyamula bokosi, ndi buku anagwa kuchokera matumba wake m'matopemo. Iye kuwanyamula iwo ndipo anapitiriza akum'thamangira. Uzunzidwadi Varya anabwerera kunyumba kwa amayi ake, koma kuti nayenso posachedwa agwidwa ndi imfa.

Monga inu kale, pali zambiri nkhawa anthu chilengedwe chake Dostoevsky. "Anthu osauka," mwachidule imene tsopano nkhani ya zokambirana zathu ndi kufotokoza za moyo wa Devushkin. Mu makalata Varenka, Iye anati izo kwa zaka sate zapitazi. "Nice," "izidzawetedwa mphaka" ndi "zofewa" amene akhala chinthu chotonzedwa kwa ena. Makar anakwiya, ndipo anati Varenka kokha chimwemwe m'moyo - monga "Committee House, ndipo banja la Yehova anadalitsa ine."

Wodwala Varia anakonza aboma, chifukwa amakhala kulephera akuoneka Makar ndalama dzisamalire - silinalinso tione kunyozana, ngakhale atumiki ndi hotela. Yekha ndi msilikali izi, pamene iye amaona kuti kukhala zothandiza, Varenke zokwanira kupitiriza ndithu izititsogolera pa iye, pa moyo wake.

Varia amatumiza mabuku Devushkin - Pushkin a "Station Master" anamutsatira - ". The chikhoto" Gogol a Koma ngati nduna anayamba kulola kukwera maso ake, wachiwiri M'malo mwake, zimapweteka. Makar akudzitchulanso choonandi mogwirizana ndi Bashmachkin ndipo amaona kuti wolemba mwamwano akakhalemo ndi anaulura pa zochitika zonse za m'moyo wake. Ulemerero musakhumudwe wake, iye amakhulupirira kuti "Zitatha izi m'pofunika kudandaula."

mavuto osayembekezereka

Mpaka chiyambi cha July Makar anakhala ndalama zonse. Kuposa umphawi, izo nkhawa yekha osatha kunyozedwa anyantchoche pamwamba ndi Varenka. Komabe, chinthu choyipa ndi kuti tsiku lina izo zifika mmodzi wa anthu akwawo, "ndi Chofufuzira" -ofitser akupanga mkazi "chosayenera maganizo". Pololera mtima, kwa masiku angapo, ngwazi ya zipita booze, otaika ndi Abiti utumiki. Buthu akukumana ndi wolakwayo, ndi kuvumbitsira Pofuna manyazi, koma mapeto iye akuponya kutsika pansi.

Varya amayesetsa monga kwambiri momwe iye angathere kutonthoza malangizo ake ndipo amawalimbikitsa iye kulabadira miseche ndi kubwera naye nkhomaliro.

Popeza August, Makar Cholinga kubwereka ndalama pa chiwongoladzanja, koma zoyesayesa zake zonse zinatha mu kulephera. Mavuto onse yapita anawonjezera latsopano: Varenka, pa angayambitse Anna Feodorovna, ndi latsopano "wosaka." Posachedwa Anna yekha kuyendera mtsikana. Pali kufunika kusuntha mwamsanga. Buthu kuthedwa nzeru ndasambitsa pansi kachiwiri, koma Varya zimamuthandiza kundipatsa ulemu ndipo chilakolako nkhondo.

Wellbeing chomwecho Varenka mofulumira poipa, mkazi ali sanathenso kuchita kusoka. September madzulo amachotsa nkhawa, Makar wasankha kuyenda pamodzi embankment lapansi. Anayamba kuganiza za chiyani, ngati ntchito ndi maziko ulemu kwa anthu, monga idlers sadzamva amafuna chakudya ndi zovala. Iye abwera kuganiza kuti chimwemwe osati yopatsidwa kwa munthuyu ena ubwino, koma chifukwa olemera ayenera sanyalanyaza madandaulo a anthu osauka.

September 9 Makar anamwetulira chuma. Kapitawo analakwitsa pepala ndipo anatumizidwa kwa onse kuti "raspekantsiyu". Zomvetsa chisoni ndi wodzichepetsa kapitawo lotchedwa mu mtima wa "Ulemerero wake" ndi chisoni analandira kuchokera General zana panokha rubles. Izi - chipulumutso chenicheni mavuto Devushkin: wamaliza kulipira nyumbayo, zovala, desiki. The kuwolowa manja a akulu amachititsa Makar manyazi ake posachedwapa "aufulu" maganizo. Kapitawo kachiwiri zonse za chiyembekezo cha tsogolo labwino, amagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yake yopuma kuwerenga "Kumpoto Bee".

Apa chiwembu kachiwiri wedged khalidwe limene talitchula kale lija Dostoevsky. "Anthu osauka," mwachidule zomwe yatsala pang'ono Pomaliza, anapitiriza pamene ng'ombe amaphunzira za Varenka ndi 20 September akuyamba akamufunsirire wake. Amayamba ndi ana chomveka "zachabe mphwake" sanalandire cholowa. Ng'ombe anakonza dongosolo kubwerera ngati Varya amukane Iye, Iye wopanga kupereka kwa mkazi Moscow wamalonda a. Komabe, ngakhale kuti kupereka anapangidwa mu mwano ndi amwano mawonekedwe Varia akuvomereza. Makar akuyesera kunyengerera mnzake ( "Mtima ndiye zanu zimapita kuti ozizira!"), Koma iye anaumirirabe - akuganiza kuti yekha ng'ombe akhoza kumupulumutsa ku umphawi ndi kubweretsa izo kwa dzina lake labwino. Buthulo kudwala chisoni, koma mpaka tsiku lomaliza Varenka akupitiriza kuthandiza ndi zopereka mu njira.

Ulipobe

Pa September 30 ukwati. Pa tsiku lomwelo, monga asanachoke kwa munda Bykov, iye analemba kuti bwenzi lakale kutsanzikana kalata.

Yankhani Devushkin zonse pogwira. Iye sangathe kusintha chirichonse, koma amaona anakakamizika kunena kuti nthawi zonse wakumanitsa yekha zinthu zonse zabwino basi chifukwa "inu ... pano, pafupi moyang'anana amoyo." Tsopano kupanga kalata syllable, ndipo iye Makar Sakufunikira. Iye sakudziwa ndi kumene angathe kuwononga moyo wa munthu.