Apadera khalidwe la Russia: mndandanda. Apadera umunthu mu mbiri ya Russia

m'ma lathu lafika atangomwalira, titero, amene ndi umunthu kwambiri Russia kwa zaka za m'ma 21, sitingathe. Komabe, kusanthula kale zitithandiza kumvetsa zimene zili zopambana tingayembekezere magazi Asilavo. Ndipotu, monga mukudziwa, amene amadziwa zammbuyo, akudziwanso zam'tsogolo.

Andakatulo, oimba, andale, olemba, asayansi ndi ojambula zithunzi - kanjedza onse olemekezeka a Russia. List, ngakhale mwachidule, unagwa ndi zaka, amaperekedwa pansipa ntchito.

andale

Alexander Nevsky

Naye ndi kuyamba khalidwe kwambiri mu mbiri ya Russia, omwe atchulidwa m'nkhaniyi. Grand Prince a Novgorod ndi waluntha mtsogoleri wa asilikali amene anakwanitsa kumenya asilikali a Sweden Teutons, ndipo anaika maziko kuli Russia mu mwambo wake mbiri yakale ndiponso zachikhalidwe.

Ivan IV m'khutu

Wankhanza Prince wa Moscow, lomwe, chifukwa awo amaika mphamvu chifuniro ndi ludzu mphamvu kulenga Russian kumwamba, kukhala Mfumu Choyamba Russia. bloodlust ake odziwika padziko lonse. Komabe, n'zosatheka Musaone mmene iye kusinthidwa ndi kusintha Russia, kulenga kwa izo lonse limodzi ndi boma kuti kuwonedwa ndi wina woyandikana.

Peter I

Wokonzanso ndi Albucasis amene akuyesera kuti Russia ndi zomvetsa European. Choyamba Mfumu ya Russia wakhala wotero kuwonjezeka kwambiri chifukwa cha dziko ndi Baltic. Woyambitsa wa St. Petersburg ndi Bulu analenga.

Catherine II

N'zochititsa chidwi anawonjezera malire a Russian Ufumu. Iye anapanga otchuka kwambiri mwayi ndi kalasi yofunika. Woyang'anira za sayansi ndi luso, "Russian wophunzitsa", omwe anali wakutha kuwagwira ofunika zofunika kusintha pambuyo Peter Wamkulu.

Vladimir Ilyich Lenin

Mtsogoleri wa October kuukira boma, mmodzi wa theorists chofunika kwambiri chikominisi. Woyambitsa ndi inspirer wa woyamba zokomera boma - USSR. Iye anafa popanda kuona zipatso za nkhondo.

olemba

Alexander Ostrovsky

Apadera khalidwe la Russia pakati playwrights cha m'ma 19 n'zokayikitsa nthawi kupangidwa popanda zotsatira za wolemba izi. "Russian Ibsen," mlembi kusewera "Mkwatibwi", "Mvula ya Mkuntho", "anthu Ake - liwerengedwa." Woyamba Russian Wolemba wina, anayamba aganyali kwambiri maganizo undertones otchulidwa chidole.

Nikolai Gogol

Wolemba wina ndi wolemba. Mumadziwika kusewera "The Inspector Government", "Ukwati", komanso prose - "Wii", "The chikhoto" ndipo ena achilendo kholo la mtundu wanyimbo "mantha.". Nkhani yaikulu zilandiridwenso - munthu pang'ono ndi chilungamo cha dziko poyerekezera ndi izo.

Fyodor Dostoevsky

Mlembi wa Kunena "The chitsiru", "Chilango", "Abale Karamazov." Nato zamaganizo, muyaya anasintha mwambo wa tikulongosola za moyo wamkati wa munthuyo. Pakuti pamakoma wachisoni wa St. Petersburg ndi mitambo zakuda zonse Ndinayesa kuthawira owerenga chiyembekezo. Mwakhama kufukulidwa ntchito zake, ubale pakati pa munthu ndi Mulungu.

Leo Tolstoy

Mlembi, yemwe anapereka dziko "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" ndi "Anna Karenina." Wolemba woona Russian moyo. zausilikali A zonse moyo wake mwachangu nkhondo, umene timaupeza mwa ntchito zake. Iye anakhulupirira kuti chikhalidwe zofunika kwambiri chimwemwe - mgwirizano wa munthu ndi chikhalidwe.

Anton Chekhov

Anekdotist, anakakamizika kulemba nkhani zoseketsa kudyetsa banja ndi pantchitoyi ena ndalama yaing'ono. Apadera khalidwe la Russia N'zosatheka izi choyambirira "Munthu wopanda ndulu a." Ros patsogolo owerenga, pang'ono ndi pang'ono zinasintha kulenga mankhwala ofunika kwambiri lonse la mabuku dziko - ". Atatu Alongo" nkhani ya "Wakuba" ndi "adani" wa kusewera "mbalameyi" ndipo

Anton Chekhov - wolemba woyamba amene amadzinenera kuti mavuto onse a anthu a munthu - wopandamalire anthu kupusa.

andakatulo

Alexander Pushkin

Wamkulu Russian ndakatulo ndi mlembi wa ndakatulo ambiri ndi ndakatulo, kuphatikizapo buku "Eugene Onegin" ndakatulo. Pamene kunja kuti "khalidwe lapadera la Russia", nthawi zambiri, kamodzi otchedwa Pushkin. Ndipotu, Mlengi chakale Russian ndakatulo, katswiri wa Golden Age a ndakatulo Russian. Mu ndakatulo yake akanatha kudzutsa onse mitu - kuchokera chilungamo chikhalidwe maganizo wochenjera chikondi.

Mikhail Lermontov

Mlembi wa ndakatulo "Hero Nthawi" ndi chingwe cha yaikulu zosiyanasiyana ndakatulo. Anamenya mu Caucasus, kumene iye wakhala pafupifupi khalidwe zonse kunachitika mu ntchito zake. Funsani mafunso nkhondo ndi kupatuka anthu.

Vladimir Mayakovsky

Mlengi wa futurism mu malo chikhalidwe cha Russia. Iye analemba ndakatulo wawo wapadera echelon mawonekedwe. An Communist odzipereka, ndi chimodzi cha mouthpieces wa zisinthe. Mpaka mapeto a moyo wake kuteteza zolinga woona wa zisinthe. Mmodzi wa akuluakulu ndakatulo ya Silver Age.

SERGEY Yesenin

Mayakovsky Contemporary ndipo malizitsani zosiyana ake monga woyambitsa ndi. Amagwiritsa chimene moyo nyimbo akadali kutsindikiza kosatha wovutitsa ndi wachinyamata. Mitu anamuukitsa kulimbana munthu chilengedwe, chikondi zachilengedwe ndipo, ndithudi, kwa mkazi.

Vladimir Vysotsky

Bard, wolemba nyimbo ndi ndakatulo ambiri. Wolemba ndakatulo chachikulu cha mkuwa Age. mawu ake mawu monga mawu a mbiri analephera kuti anamusiya pomwe onse chapadera cha m'ma 20 Russia. Mitu anamuukitsa polimbana mkati ndi kunja wa munthu, malo ake chikhalidwe ndi dzikoli. Woonda satirist.

Bulat Okudzhava

Komanso ndakatulo, anachita ndakatulo zake mawonekedwe a nyimbo. A kukhudza ndi woonamtima, iye analemba ndakatulo ndi zina reverie dziko. Nthawi zambiri ntchito mafanizo kupanga mothandizidwa ndi zithunzi izi kwambiri. nyimbo zake zinali fanizo mawonekedwe kuti anali ina (genially) parodied Vysotsky.

Opanga filimuyi

Lev Kuleshov

Uyamiko kwa Iye, Russian kwambiri umunthu Iwo anayamba kuoneka mu filimu. Anatulukira "Kuleshov Mmene" - "awiri palokha chimango tanthauzo, glued pamodzi, kulenga tanthauzo latsopano." Ndipotu, anayambitsa kukhazikitsidwa pa nkhaniyo.

SERGEY Eyzenshteyn

Mlembi wa mpatuko "nkhondo Potemkin", limene zikuwoneka mpweya chomwecho. Film theorist ndi mlengi wa unsembe zazikulu.

Woyamba mu Russia amene anagwiritsa ntchito mtundu mu filimu - ". Nkhondo Potemkin" mbendera wofiira onse yemweyo

Mikhail Romm

Zopelekedwa filmmaker ( "Wamba Fascism") ndi Masewero ( "Palinso Masiku Chaka Chimodzi") mafilimu. Imodzi yofunika kwambiri filimu theorists m'ma XX atumwi. VGIK mphunzitsi ndi woyambitsa wa mapepala ambiri sayansi.

Andrei Tarkovsky

munthu amalowerera kuwombera mu USSR luso woona nyumba. matepi ake ndi matanthauzo munthu, zonse za mafanizo ndi lomveka wosaoneka. Iye anachotsa "Solaris" ndi "Stalker", nthawi zambiri kupanga ntchito yake chokhala mafanizo ophiphiritsa.

ojambula zithunzi

Andrei Rublev

Modern Russian kwambiri umunthu mwa aluso sizikanatheka kukanakhala opanda munthu amene anaika maziko a kupenta Russian.

Mlembi wa zambiri zithunzi, Andrei Rublev anapereka moyo wake kwa luso limeneli zovuta. Tsopano ntchito zake osati mu mipingo komanso tambirimbiri zosiyanasiyana, zitsanzo ndi mfundo za iconography.

Ilya Repin

Mlembi wa zojambula zambiri ndi workaholic mtheradi. M'dzanja lake zinthu monga "The Mwadzidzidzi", "M'ngalawa" ndi "Ivan Grozny amapha mwana wake." Kuchidziwa situational, "Maonekedwe" zojambula.

Aliyense wa kupenta wake - ngati kujambulitsira pa chimake cha chochitika, amene anayesa kugwila. zojambula wake ndi wamphamvu moyo ndipo sikuti kuulula tanthauzo lake lenileni koyamba. Zofunika Repin - ndi kutengeka ya m'nkhaniyi ndi mfundo.

Kazimir Malevich

The modernist kwambiri, lotchedwa wolemba kale kukhala m'banja dzina "Black Square". Ndinali wotanganidwa kufunafuna njira zatsopano ndi njira zofotokozera mtundu mu kupenta. zojambula wake ali odzaza abstraction ndi akalumikidzidwa zojambula, kuyesera kuyambitsa chinthu chatsopano luso lake. Ine ndikuyesera kupeza zithunzi zojambula "mpumulo mtheradi."

Oimba

Pyotr Tchaikovsky

Munthu woyamba analemba Russian katswiri, Tchaikovsky anapanga nyimbo za luso oona (pa nzeru). Iye anali munthu amene sitingakhale kulemba nyimbo.

nkhani zosiyanasiyana kwambiri anakulira Mitundu n'kotheka zopangidwa wolemba Petra Ilicha, kukwaniritsa mitima ya aliyense. Wotchuka ntchito zake - ndi ballets "The Nutcracker" ndi "Mbalame ya Chinsansa Nyanja".

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov

The odziwika bwino kwambiri Mlembi wa masewero a pakati analemba Russian. Nkhani yaikulu ntchito ndi Nikolai Andreyevich - nkhani ndi nthano ( "Zitatu chozizwitsa", "The Snow Buthu").

Ine ndikukhulupirira kuti cholinga chachikulu cha nyimbo - ndi mgwirizano womvera ndi tanthauzo lenileni la dziko, limene likhoza lofotokozeredwa m'njira yomweyi, mawonekedwe melodic.

Dmitri Shostakovich

Wolemba ndi tsoka kuipidwa, poyamba anali mu modernist kalembedwe, ndi ntchito mwakhama Mitundu yonse. Komabe, "Lady Macbeth wa Mtsensk" sanali Stalin, komanso ndiye Pambuyo kupondereza nkhanza.

Kuti apulumutse iye ndi banja lake, Shostakovich anali kuchita mwangwiro "anthu" kiyi. Komabe, nyimbo ake ndi zikutsimikizira kuti ngakhale kumvetsera yosavuta amamva undertones padera wopeka nyimbo. Ambiri lokhala wosasangalala wochenjera ndi matanthauzo, umene padera mu nthetemya №5 ndi №7, ndiye kuti aliyense bwino bwino.

asayansi

Mikhail Lomonosov

Woyamba Russian lotanthauzira mawu, "anthu a sayansi onse." Russia anatsogolera kafukufuku pa mlingo European. Ine apeza zinthu zambiri pafupifupi sayansi yamakono iye.

Monga academician ndi imodzi mwa umunthu achangu yake, iye ndi fano kwa Russian Choonadi.

Dmitri Mendeleev

Kale kukhala lodziwika bwino Russian sayansi, amene anatha kulenga dongosolo nthawi ya zinthu mankhwala, potero kwambiri anakankhira patsogolo dziko la sayansi. Kupezeka kwa oterowo tebulo zikusonyeza chiyanjano cha chikhalidwe ndi dongosolo lawo bwino.

Mmodzi wa atulukira kwambiri mu mbiri ya anthu, chimenenso, amasunga lonse la sayansi yamakono chachibadwidwe, ya iye. Ndinkagwira ntchito mu sayansi ena, komwe iyenso apeza zinthu zosiyanasiyana.

Ivan Pavlov

Wopambana woyamba Nobel Prize ku Russia. Pavlov apeza zinthu zofunika zamoyo ndi Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa - kuti anapeza pamaso pa bongo mu thupi la zamoyo. Ndipo izi wasayansi Russian anawagawa makonzedwe ndi chopanda malire.

kupezeka Pavlov pamoyo wake wonse ndipo ngakhale kufa, iye anapitiriza ulembedwe ophunzirawo maganizo awo - kuti sayansi amene wakwanitsa kudziwa chikhalidwe cha imfa.

othamanga

Ivan Poddubny

The lodziwika bwino Russian ogwetsana, "ndi ngwazi ya XX m'ma". Mu zaka khumi, ine sindinataye nthawi umodzi. kasanu amachirikiza kulimbana.

GARRY Kasparov

Chess player angapo mphoto, ndi "Chess Oscar" ndi mutu wa ngwazi dziko. Iye anatchuka bwino kuphatikiza njira zosiyanasiyana ndipo njira, ndi luso kutuluka wopambana mwakuwoneka kwathunthu bungled phwando.

"Debuts Kasparov" - kotero tsopano limatchedwa zosayembekezeka ndi sagwirizana nazo chimachititsa kuti chiyambi cha masewera.

Lev Yashin

The Soviet wogwira mpira wotsogola, wotchuka Mtheradi wake "neprobivaemostyu". Iwo akuganiza kuti azisewera pagolo zabwino za m'ma XX. Mobwerezabwereza anazindikira kuti azisewera pagolo zabwino USSR. Wopambana "Golden mpira".

Pomaliza

Monga tikuonera, umunthu kwambiri m'mbiri ya Russia zakhala zofunika kwambiri onse a anthu. Chekhov akhoza bwinobwino kutchedwa Wolemba wina wa bwino wa dziko, ndipo Mendeleyev - ndi sayansi kwambiri. anthu onse awa ali ofunika osati kwa Russia komanso lililonse lomwe ali otchuka.

Tikukhulupirira kuti ziwerengero chapadera cha m'ma 21 Russia adzakhala, monga akapolo anzawo akale, zikutanthauza chinachake kwa dziko, osati kwa kwawo.