"Arisaka" - mfuti anapanga Japan

Ngati muli ngakhale chidwi pang'ono mbiri ya asilikali a m'dzikolo, mwina mukhoza kukumbukira osachepera angapo toyesa wa zankhondo yachilendo. Woyamba n'loti mfuti ya makina "limakhulupirira", munthu zikutikumbutsa "Lewis" zimenezi ndi "Vickers" akasinja British. Koma pano "Arisaka", Japanese anapanga mfuti, kudziŵika aliyense. Komabe, chida ichi unathandiza kwambiri mu mapangidwe a lamakono Russian.

Kodi izo zonse zinayamba

Mu 1914, gulu lankhondo la ufumu anazindikira msanga kuti ... ndi banal alibe zokwanira zipolopolo ndi mfuti, zipolopolo ndi mfuti .... Makampani a m'zaka sanathe kukhazikitsa ulimi wa chiwerengero chokwanira cha manja yaing'ono payekha. Unachita ndi asilikali: nkhaniyo mochenjera "inalangizanso" nthawi yaikulu, koma makamu wosaphunzitsidwa ndithu potsiriza anadutsa.

Choona chodziwika, pamene mmodzi wa asilikali Russian, asilikali akuyenda anasiya malo (iwo akhagopa nagonjetsa German) anapeza ... masauzande mfuti anasiya ndi mamiliyoni ambiri zipolopolo za zipolopolo. Ndipo zimenezi ngakhale kuti zida akhala zikusowa, mafakitale sitingakhale kulimbana ndi buku zikuchepa kuchuluka kwa linanena bungwe ndi chaka cha 1914.

zachuma zokwera ndi zotsika

Mwachidule, Ndithudi analibe zida. Ndiyeno boma tsarist anaganiza kutembenukira kwa mdani wake wakale, Japan. Japanese mfuti "Arisaka" chabwino kuwonedwa mu zaka za nkhondo. Ngakhale namatetule Fedorov atalenga makina choyamba dziko linali pansi woyang'anira wake. Komanso, oddly mokwanira, anali Japanese anali kwambiri "wopatsa", musati kuwapindapinda mikono yake osapembedza ubwino mankhwala ndalama.

Komabe, musaganize Japanese athandize nzika zawo: popeza poyamba oposa 35 zikwi mfuti ankafuna asilikali Mexico, koma boma US mokoma umanena kuti "dongosolo Mexico" kwa palibe sayenera ikuchitika. Kotero kuti Kutuluka Sun waganiza kulandira phindu linalake. mfuti imodzi "Arisaka" anagulitsa ndi mgwirizano choyambirira Russia, poyamba ndalama ... 29 rubles. Ndipo zimenezi ngakhale kuti mafakitale zoweta anapereka "trehlineyki" ndalama 41 rubles pa unit. Kotero kuti lingaliro pachiyambi ankaoneka namuyesa.

Vuto loyamba ndi zogula ndi

M'nthawi ya malonda ndi Japan izo Anagula pafupifupi mamiliyoni anayi mfuti. Ndizo chimodzimodzi basi, okha oyambirira 35,000 mayunitsi zinakambidwa pa nthawi. Posachedwapa mavuto anayamba: Mikado sanafune nsembe nkhokwe yolimbikitsa wa asilikali yake. Movutikira, anakwanitsa kugwirizana pa chakudya mayunitsi 200 okha zikwi, ndi zinthu zinali zamanyazi.

Aliyense mfuti ku Japan zonsezi zipolopolo 100. Pambuyo zopempha zambiri anatha kuonjezera ndalama zimenezi ... milandu 125. Ludicrous malire, makamaka chifukwa zipolopolo onse anali okalamba, kupitirira nthawi chitsimikizo yosungirako. Iwo anawatengera ku yolimbikitsa ya malo amene anali pa nthawi imeneyo ku Korea.

Kenako makontena nthawi zambiri poyera olema, makungwa akale "n'ngwokayikitsa ulemu" monga iwo yodziwika asilikali. Koma iwo anali chida abwino ndi likhale ponso aulesi kwambiri pa ulimi ndi makampani zoweta. Malinga ndi magwero a nthawi, mfuti "Arisaka", ndi Kuwulura umene uli m'nkhani, anali ndi zida zonse magawano chakhumi. N'zosadabwitsa kuti iwo CSKA mwanthabwala anawatchula kuti "Japanese."

"China kapena mfuti"

Posachedwapa, anthu onse za okwanira ndi anathyola "zamtendere kunenerera" mu Japan pa nthawi atapereka wotchuka "21 zofuna" kuti China, kupereka kugonja pafupifupi dziko ndi kuzindikira boma Japanese ntchito yake. Poyamba, oimira Russian anali ndi chotero zofuna lotayirira ... koma asilikali German unkatchedwa tiponye wotchedwa Galicia, malinga mawu ake. Movomerezedwa tacit wa Royal boma, China anakakamizika kulemba pangano mmodzi ndiye amaganiza.

Ndipo pambuyo Japan linalanda ulamuliro ndipo dziko lathu. Ouziridwa popanda kudandaula kugonjera mfumu, oimira Japanese anayamba kuika patsogolo "chinkaoneka lotayirira zofuna" umaonetseredwa, makamaka mu "pempho" ... kupereka zonse Far East pousinthanitsa ndi lousy miliyoni mfuti. Kwa ulemerero wa oimira zoweta, impudence ngati sakanakhoza kukana, ngakhale za unayamba. Komanso, Japanese attache kumenyedwa weniweni anakonza, ndiye izi "searchlights" malonda okondedwa si atapereka.

Komanso, Japan walola ndi pempho kwa malonda a zida miliyoni wina. Komabe, ndi nthawi iliyonse mfuti "Arisaka" kale ndalama 32-35 rubles. Koma anali akadali mtengo kuposa zitsanzo za m'banja. Komanso, Japanese adayamba kumumasula yachibadwa mfuti ano chitsanzo.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mpeni Japanese "lachitsanzo 30" mfuti "Arisaka" analidi, pang'ono wamfupi lupanga. Popeza m'banja "Mosinok" pachikhalidwe akhala bayonets singano, asilikali onyamula zida "akunja", mosavuta pa chithunzi chilichonse cha nthaŵi imeneyo.

intermediaries kunja

Komanso chidwi za tsogolo la 60,000 "Arisaka", poyamba anagulitsa Japanese England. "Dona wa Panyanja" ndi nthawi kuti linali ndi vuto, ngakhale mphamvu ya zomera zitsulo. Koma aliyense "English" mfuti "Arisaka" pamapeto pake izo zinali chimodzimodzi mu arsenals Russian. mfundo ndi yakuti, pofika cha 1915, dziko la Germany kamodzinso anapita nagonjetsa, kusiya boma la Britain, ndi mantha kwambiri ndi mfundo imeneyi, iwo anaganiza kuti "atseke Teutonic Russian chigumukire yojambula." Mfuti anapita ku dziko lathu.

Choncho, February 1917 zinali anagula kuchuluka chachikulu zida ndi zina zipolopolo kwa iwo. Kuti kokha bwino kuti "Japanese Arisaka mfuti" - osati chitsanzo umodzi. Mu dziko lathu ife zonse anapulumutsa asanu ndi awiri (!) Mwa zosintha zosiyanasiyana zomwe analenga mavuto ambiri popanda falitsani mpaka procurers. N'zochititsa chidwi otsiriza 150 zikwi "Arisaka" anagulidwa madzulo wa October kuukira boma.

Koma pambuyo mawu a V. I. Lenina ndi "mtendere ndi dziko" nkhani "akazi Japanese" mu utumiki wa asilikali Russian anali kutali wathunthu. Tikhoza kunena kuti m'tsogolo kumenyana onse ofiira ndi oyera alonda gawo. Ndipo mayankho pa angagwiritsire ntchito chida kanthu m'malo osiyana amene anabwera. Koma ambiri "ogwiritsa" ake amavomereza kuti mfuti "Arisaka" (zithunzi za amene m'nkhani) - khalidwe ndi chida odalirika. Onani kuti Japanese "kusunga mtundu" mpaka 1944, pamene chifukwa cha mavuto aakulu azachuma cha khalidwe la zida chopangidwa anagwera.

Mwa njira, kodi kuchuluka kwa mfuti ntchito mu ziwalo za mbali yotsutsa mu Civil nkhondo? Mfundozi ndi osiyana kwambiri. Amadziwika kuti ena mwa mwachindunji pansi Kolchak, anali ndi zida zawo pafupifupi mosachotsera. Koma chiwerengero cha "Arisaka" mu Red Army nthawi zina anafika 1/3 chiwerengero cha ntchito manja yaing'ono payekha.

Gunsmiths amanenanso kuti wowopsa Chilativiya riflemen anali makamaka mfuti ndi monga "Arisaka". Kotero kuti udindo wa mfuti izi mu mbiri ya dziko lathu kwambiri.

Nanga bwanji "Arisaka" ndinaganiza asilikali?

Misc. Ndipo ankadalira, monga ulamuliro, mlingo luso omenyana ndi mlingo wa maphunziro, mitundu ya mifuti. Ngati "Japanese Arisaka mfuti" anali mmodzi watsopano, ndiye kutsutsa aliyense pa iye pafupifupi sanali. Amadziwika kuti ngowe akale chuma zosasangalatsa, m'kukoma "kuchokera kum'mamatira" chipata. Kenanso, ichi ndi chodziwikiratu kuti vinyo mfuti okha: zambiri amadziimba mlandu omenyana kwa miyezi osati zida zaumwini.

Nthawi Recent ntchito

Pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni mfuti "Arisaka" mtundu 30 anali mu utumiki ndi mayiko ambiri. Makamaka ambiri zida izi mu otsiriza ano Finland ndi Estonia, kumene "Japanese" pafupifupi alonda chilengedwe malire tinali ndi zida.

Mu 1941, "Arisaka" umachitika mwa dongosolo yolimbikitsa zina chikalata militias ndi mbali kumbuyo, koma ambiri, iwo sanalandire. Mu USSR kupanga zida anaikidwa pa mtsinje, koma chifukwa cha kusowa ake kotero akuchifuna anamvera. N'zotheka kuti penapake arsenals dziko nawobe zotsala za rarities izi. Amadziwika kuti mtanda wotsiriza wa zamzitini "Arisaka" anatumizidwa ku ng'anjo Chiyukireniya onyamula Mphamvu mu 1993.

General mudziwe luso

Monga Japan, ndi dziko lathu, ambiri mitundu iwiri ya mfuti awa, "Mtundu 30" (mtundu woyamba) ndipo "Mtundu 99". Anali osiyana likungosonyeza. Ngati akale "makumi atatu" ntchito kuwomba katiriji 6,5h50 zosintha osiyana, kuti "Mtundu 99" osiyana zipolopolo kuchuluka mphamvu yapangidwa - 7,7h58. Ambiri mwina, zachilendo kwa n'zotsimikizira Japanese wakhala anaitenga ku British ndi 'Lee-Enfield ".

Komanso, mu dziko lathu kuti mapeto a ntchito chida ichi anakumana mfuti "Arisaka" mtundu wa 38. Izi ndi kusinthidwa chachiwiri, nthawi ya chitukuko kunayamba 1900s Mu zaka zapitazo.

Koma specifications, ndiye mfuti - ndi Chitsanzo zida yake, anali ndi zinthu zapadera. Mbiya yatsekedwa onsewo bawuti. Yotsirizira anali Onyamula Zazitali Ayi awiri. Poyamba msilikali Arisaka, amene anali mlengi mkulu wa chida ngati dongosolo Onyamula Zazitali Ayi atatu, koma zenizeni za ulimi ndi kufunika kuchepetsa ndalama mfuti ya zinachititsa kuti zosabvuta pa dongosolo lake.

Nkhani zina

Patsogolo pa wathandizidwa tsinde anali kasupe yodzaza ejector. Popeza ntchito "Arisaka" makatiriji ndi flanges (zoweta ndi 7,62h54), mkati wolandila, pa mbali ya kumanzere, idaluma imaonetsa (wodula).

Chogwirira, Bedi wolandirayo ndi mbiya akalowa ndi mtengo. Monga ulamuliro, ichi poyamba anayesa kugwiritsa ntchito mtedza, koma 1944-1945, pamene mmene chuma chikuyendera pa nkhondo Japan akhala akuvutika kwambiri, opanga anali kusinthana kwa mitundu yotsika mtengo wasitimu, ndi chogwirira zina ndi pa zonse zopangidwa plywood otsika kalasi.

N'zochititsa chidwi shutter kogwirira kozungulira: ndi lalikulu kwambiri, mu gawo ake mtanda akufanana ndi nkhuku dzira. Kusankha mawonekedwe amenewa chifukwa chakuti mayesero kasonyeza yabwino kwambiri. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti yowotcha pini masika pabwino mkati gawo tubular ya kupha ndi, umene ndi bwino kutetezedwa ku fumbi, nyemba. Ichi ndi chifukwa kudalilika mkulu wa zida, amene mobwerezabwereza kuti asilikali zoweta ndi achilendo.

Kachiwiri, chifukwa cha masika imeneyi wakhala womvera kuipitsidwa wa onga mwaye ake (kwambiri 'kwa kum'mamatira "amene takambirana kale pamwambapa). Koma kubweretsa zida okhumudwa izo zinkayenera kuti "amayesa" popanda kutsuka kwa nthawi yaitali.

Mwa njira, "Arisaka" lapadera chivundikiro-chivundikiro kuteteza chipata matenda awowo. Koma phindu lake anali otsika kwambiri: chivundikiro nthawi zonse rattling, analenga mavuto ambiri pamene kusuntha (panali akhoza kusiya izo), koma chifukwa ambiri a asilikali kupita kunkhondo anasankha mbali kuchotsedwa ndi kuika mu m'mapaketi a.

Chitetezo yowotcha mwangozi

Kodi aliyense amakhala ndi "Arisaka" (mfuti)? "Mabatani" -predohranitel - khalidwe kwambiri chida ichi. An limagwirira chidwi kanthu. Kuti yambitsa ndi lama fuyusi pamene shutter ndi cocked, kunali kofunika kupitiriza "batani" ndi dongosolo corrugated, yomwe ili pa kumbuyo mbali chipata, ndipo kenako atembenuza izo mobwerera. The zolosera, chosema pa bokosi, kupha ndi mwamphamvu oletsedwa, osalola iye anagunda phunziroli.

wopha The liukitsidwa mu mfuti malo basi pamene shutter cocking. Nawuza zinachitikadi pa chipata lotseguka. Kuchita izi zinali zotheka monga woyang'anira wina, ndi zisanu, ntchito Mwaichi makolala wapadera.

Ndi chidwi kuti chida ichi anali Wopanda nsomba! Apo ndi pamene Tikaganizira za zipolopolo shutter basi anakhala malo rearmost, amene kwambiri zimatithandiza ndondomeko ya nawuza mfuti.

kumenyana mpeni

Monga tanena kale, ndi mpeni pa mfuti ndi "Arisaka" udaikidwa monga Chigawenga pafupifupi zonse. Pali milandu pamene bayonets izi ntchito ndi asilikali mu Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Chisankho cha Japanese sanali mwangozi: mfundo bayonets singano ndi Bagineti kuti motsogozedwa Russian manja mlengi, kale kwambiri chakale.

M'malo mwake, asilikali linali lofunika kwambiri eni a mpeni zonse zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito osati nkhondo, koma mu dongosolo tsiku la msasa. Chifukwa chakuti mpeni kwa mfuti "Arisaka" unapangidwa zosapanga dzimbiri, wakhala wotchuka kwambiri ndi asilikali mbali zonse za kutsogolo. Makamaka, anamenyela ambiri American mu "Nkhalango" ali ndi mpeni ku "Arisaka", umene unali kwambiri yabwino ndi bwino chitsanzo American.

Ndipo kodi zida asilikali Japanese lero? Munthu wamng'ono manja ndi kumenya mfuti "Arisaka". Iye ndi zofunika ake ambiri amakhala odalirika komanso choyambirira luso zothetsera ntchito yomanga.

Ndimo momwe izo zinachitika kuti zida chopangidwa mu mafakitale ku Japan, umene Russian Ufumu atatsala pang'ono ndewu mwapereka utumiki kwambiri zochita nkhondo ndi Imperial Germany, ndipo kenako - pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa mphamvu Soviet.