Art. 12 la Civil Code ndi ndemanga. Judicial mchitidwe wa luso. 12 la Civil Code

malamulo inakhazikitsa zinthu zikamera wa ufulu wa anthu ndiponso zimafotokoza kuwateteza (vv. 8, 12 la Civil Code). mabungwe alamulo mwayi kuoneka chifukwa malamulo, zochita zina za mabungwe alamulo ndi anthu achilengedwe.

zambiri

Kutetezedwa kwa ufulu zimene pansi Art. 11, 12 la Civil Code. Malinga ndi malamulo, nzika akhoza kuzigwiritsa ntchito bwalo. Komanso, malamulo amapereka kuthekera kwa ufulu adziteteze. Izo zinaikidwa Art. 12 ndi 14 la Civil Code. Tiyeni tipitirize zambiri za njira ndi mbali ya asilikali a chitetezo malamulo nzika pansi pa lamulo.

Zimene Art. 12 la Civil Code

malamulo amapereka njira zotsatirazi chitetezo:

1. Kuzindikila ufulu.
2. Kuchira analipo kale kuphwanya udindo wa nkhaniyi, ndi yimitsira zochita n'kosaloleka, kuphatikizapo kuopseza kuti zofuna ndi kumasulika kwa anthu.
3. Invalidation voidable zosiyanasiyana ntchito zotsatira.
4. Kulandidwa njira zotuluka pa msonkhano.
5. Invalidation ya kuchita mwa oyang'anira tauni boma bungwe /.
6. ufulu adziteteze.
7. Linapereka kukwaniritsa udindo wotani.
8. Malipilo kumawononga, kumawononga makhalidwe abwino, ayambe kumawononga.
9. Change / kuchotsa ubale malamulo.
10. Non-ntchito bwalo mchitidwe wa oyang'anira tauni / boma ulamuliro mosemphana ndi chilamulo.

mndandanda imatengedwa lotseguka.

Specific njira malamulo chitetezo luso. 12 la Civil Code (ndi ndemanga)

Bwinobwino mu malamulo lolamulira akagonana wina pakati pa nzika, kukhazikitsa njira yeniyeni chitetezo malamulo ophunzira. Pa nkhani imeneyi ayenera kuonedwa luso. 12 la Civil Code la Chitaganya cha Russia ndi ndemanga nkhani zogwirizana. Mwachitsanzo, malinga ndi nkhani. 475 wogula katundu wa kuchepa khalidwe ali kuchenjera kwa amafuna wogulitsa ndi kuchepetsa mwachinsinsi wa mtengo kugula, free Kupha zopindika katundu mwa nthawi wololera, reimbursement kwa kuwukonza kuzindikiridwa ndalama zopindika (ngati chidachitika likuvutika wogula).

Malinga Art. 1252 chitetezo cha ufulu yekha zotsatira za ntchito mwanzeru ndi njira individualization adzakhala kufalitsa chisankho bwalo za kuyan'anila. Pankhaniyi, mchitidwewo n'chakuti ndi kukopera chomveka. Pankhaniyi, kutchuka ikuchitika bwino (v. 12, N. 1 CC RF).

Limatchula za ntchito

Tikumbukenso kuti kupereka njira chitetezo naye mwamtheradi amalamulo zosatheka. Izi zimapangitsa chikhalidwe dispositive luso. 12 la Civil Code.

Judicial mchitidwe mu mikangano za kuphwanya ufulu ndi yaikulu zokwanira. Mikangano angakhalepo ngati pakati pa anthu, ndi pakati pa iwo ndi mabungwe. Mu Art. 12 la Civil Code akufotokoza njira yaikulu ya chitetezo. Ophunzira mikangano mwalamulo angafune kudalira pa mfundo imeneyi, kuteteza malo ake. Mwachitsanzo, mu Art. 234 wa Code kwa nkhani davnostnoe chuma mnzake chuma, zomwe zinaposa nthawi anapereka Nkhani anati sasamalira n'zotheka pempho Kuzindikila ufulu chuma kwa iye. Komabe, N. 16 mwaubwino plenums dzuwa №10 №22 ndi EAC amaloledwa malinga ndi Art. 11, 12 la Civil Code.

Malinga ndi malamulo, chitetezo ikuchitika mwa Kuzindikila ufulu. Kuchokera pamenepa, ndizoonekeratu kuti nkhani, amene wadzikwaniritsa mwini akhoza kuzigwiritsa ntchito amanena chogwirizana. Wotsutsana pa izo ndi mankhwala acquisitive adzakhala mwiniwake woyamba pa chuma.

Nthawi Special

njira kuposa chitetezo ntchito m'njira zimenezi kapena, muli mitundu ya ndalama anauyamba Art. 12 la Civil Code. Mwachitsanzo, mbali anamuuza umwini wamba kupereka ndi ntchito ndi ufulu yogula kuphwanya mfundo za chisanadze emption akhoza kutanthauziridwa monga kusintha ubwenzi malamulo. Pamene inu ofikira pansi kulanda chinthu aliyense payekha kumatanthauza anira chuma, katundu, ntchito yapamwamba, ntchito ulamuliro wa wobwereketsayo, ndi woyenera kuuza anthu kuti achire ake kuchokera wokongolayo mikhalidwe imene inafotokozedwa wa ndikupeleka.

malo Izi katunduyo. 398 wa Code. Pankhaniyi, adzakhala awarding wa ntchito ya udindo wotani. Malinga Art. Mu 1065 kuopseza kuwonongeka akhoza kutumikira monga maziko amaloledwa kunena ndi chofunika kuti amaletsa kugwira ntchito chifukwa cha zomwe chifanizo cha ngozi chogwirizana.

Ngati kuwonongeka adzakhala chifukwa cha machitidwe a nyumba, mafakitale ndi zochita zina kuchititsa kapena kuopseza ulamuliro wake ovomerezeka mwina, kuwonjezera kupatsidwa ku nkhani ya malipiro, kutsirizitsa kapena suspend kugwira ntchito. Njira imeneyi chitetezo chimaoneka kupewa kuwonongeka, osati anaika katunduyo. 12 la Civil Code. Koma kwenikweni iwo ukuchita monga yimitsira wa lamulo la kanthu, kuopseza kuphwanya ufulu.

M'nkhani 152 wa Code amapereka kuthekera kwa mwachindunji kwa kufalitsa yotsutsa mudziwe yonyozana mbiri, ulemerero, ndi ulemu wa munthu. Ndipotu, lamulo limeneli akutumikira monga kubwezeretsa zinthu zinalili pamaso pa kuphwanya ufulu (ndime 2 of Art. 12 wa Civil Code). Ndemanga pa nkhani ya 1251-1252 zikusonyeza mphamvu kupereka aluntha katundu chitetezo kudzera yimitsira wa sugwirizana zofuna ndi ufulu wa nkhani kapena kulenga ngati ngozi, kumawononga, kumawononga.

Nthawi zotchulidwa malamulo, kukhwimitsa akhoza kutchulidwa mgwirizano. Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa chikole ayenera ngongole ndi zofanana ndi za ngongole mwachindunji, kupatulapo ngati tasonyeza anakhazikitsa pangano.

udindo pa Civil

Zimatengera ntchito ya ophwanya ufulu wa miyeso zotsatirazi:

1. Kuchira chimawononga.
2. Kumawononga.
3. Collection kuwonongeka sanali pecuniary.

Njira Mwina mulinso udindo ndi ziletso zina. Pakati pawo, mwachitsanzo:

• kulanda anthu onyamula zinthu zokhala ndi zotsatira za ntchito laluntha kapena njira individualization, chuma ndi zipangizo ntchito kupanga awo, kuyambira aziyenda ndi chiwonongeko popanda malipiro;
• chofunika kwa malipiro chidwi accrued ntchito ndalama pansi pa posungira n'kosaloleka, kuchizemba kubwerera, kuchedwa lina adzabweranso.

Malipilo zomvetsa (Art. 12, 15 Civil Code) ndi njila zina mlandu ntchito yokonzanso zinthu za nkhaniyi, kapena kukwaniritsa kuwonongeka anapalamula Iye lokhudza kuphwanya wake wa ufulu. Choncho, mankhwala awa ndi zotsatira zoipa chifukwa lobadwa lapansi.

miyeso yeniyeni

Chakudya cha Art. 12 la Civil Code ndi zofunika makamaka kukhazikitsa ufulu, popeza muli mndandanda malire asilikali a chitetezo ndi kulola ntchito zina kuposa anakhazikitsa ponseponse kumatanthauza ngati ndi lamulo ladziko feduro.

Pa nkhani imeneyi, kuti mndandanda moganizira zidzawonjezedwa zotsatira za miyeso. Pakati pawo, mwachitsanzo:

• Lamulo wa boma kulembetsa wa wotuluka yokhudza kulanda ufulu umwini. Iwo amanena nkhani. 551 (p. 3), ngati chipani yachiwiri ndikupeleka evades ndondomeko kuvomerezedwa.
• Mwa njira yapadera chitetezo angakhale monga lamulo kwa violator za ufulu wokwanira buku la chigamulo cha Poyamba ndi umboni wa mwini zenizeni. Pankhaniyi limagwirira ndi lokhazikitsidwa ndi AB. 2 tbsp. 12 la Civil Code (zakukonzanso).
• A njira watsopano kuteteza kumbali amanena kuti chipukuta misozi kuphwanya / siudzalandilidwa ngathi lamulo la ufulu kuchita mchitidwe milandu, amene amasamalila Levy kuphedwa pa bajeti. Adakhazikitsa Chilamulo Federal №68.
• Chimodzimodzi malamulo kuchita amapereka chipukuta misozi Kuthi siudzalandilidwa ngathi lamulo m'bwalo mkati mwa nthawi yokwanila. muyeso imeneyi imagwira ntchito maphunziro onse malamulo, amene zavomerezedwa kuphwanya lomwe lili ndi zachilengedwe zakuthupi ndi kumapitiriza kukumana ndi mavuto chifukwa lobadwa lapansi.

Features zina

Wopambana wa ufulu angasankhe aliyense wa mosavomerezeka njira chitetezo, mogwirizana ndi zofuna zake zokha ndipo malinga ndi wophwanya wogwila.

A kuphatikiza miyeso osiyanasiyana Art. 12 la Civil Code. Mwachitsanzo, nkhani, kupereka lamulo pa kalembera wa kulanda katundu ufulu pansi pa pangano kugulitsa katundu, mulole kugonjera kunena kuti ayambe kwa ophunzira, amene ikukana popanda kuchititsa ndondomeko kuvomerezedwa zochokera anakhumudwitsa chifukwa cha kuchedwa kwa kalembera.

Malipilo zomvetsa ndalama

Nkhani, amene pomwe izo zinali, mu maganizo ake, linaphwanya mwina Umafuna malipilo okwanila ayenela chifukwa kumawononga ngati lamulo kapena mgwirizano sasamalira ayambe mu ocheperako.

Monga zomvetsa ndalama mu nkhani iyi ndi ndalama kuti zinatigonjera mwina ali kuti akuyendera kubwezeretsa zofuna zake. Losses n'za kuwonongeka kapena imfa ya chuma a wovulalayo (kuwonongeka kwenikweni), imfa ya phindu, chimene chikanakhoza kuchita ndi munthu amayamba ngati ufulu wawo sanaphwanye. Ngati munthu wolakwa anaphunzira chifukwa cha zochita zawo oletsedwa kupindula chuma, munthuyo anganene malipiro a ndalama yotayika. Mu choncho, malipilo sikudzakhala zosakwana bongo phindu akamagwira infringer.

Kukwanilitsa odzithandiza okha

Timapereka pansi Art. 14 la Civil Code. Adziteteze angathe kuchitidwa mwa njira iliyonse malamulo. Pankhaniyi, munthuyo ayenera kusankha njira mwachinsinsi ndi vutolo. Zochita zake akhoza asapitirire makhalidwe ofunikira kuti kulepheretsa zochita n'kosaloleka.

kupanga zonena

mlanduwu opangidwa ndi amaloledwa chonena. Mu kukafola ntchito ayenera kuganizira malamulo. Choyamba, payenera kukhala kuvomerezedwa mfundo:

1. Dzina la ulamuliro woyenera kuthetsa mkangano.
2. Information za pomweo lapansi.
3. Information za woyankha lapansi.

zili muyenera mwachindunji umboni zikamera ubale malamulo chikhalidwe cha kuyan'anila chothandiza otchula malamulo kapena kuti mgwirizano. The kuchonderera kwawo mwachindunji zofuna mwamsanga kwa wozengedwayu. Ngati zokhudza malipiro a kumawononga, ndi mlandu Ufumuyo kuwerengetsera.

Katundu wa umboni chili ndi obatizidwayo. Ndi woyenera kuti ndilembe okhudzidwa wa mboni, akatswiri akatswiri ena. Umboni ayenera kukhala achilungamo ndi wodalirika. Nawonso wozengedwa amathanso kugonjera mfundo ndi refutations, kugonjera opempha. Iye ali ndi ufulu kupeleka counterclaim. Kumapeto kwa mawu akhale siginecha ya wolemba ndi tsiku lokonzekera.

Kuti zigwirizane ndi zikalata Ntchito zothandiza kuti udindo wa nkhaniyi ndi chiphaso cha malipiro amalipiritsa. The Procedural Code anapereka nthawi (pakalibe kuyan'anila za zofunikira za mawonekedwe) ntchito lavomerezedwa kuti amuone. Pa nthawi yoikidwiratu Kuthi akutsatiridwa mu mankhwala. Motero, zochita kumva wapangidwa. Chisankho khoti akhoza anapempha.

Pomaliza

Njira chitetezo malamulo pansi pa lamulo, ali wa mtengo wake wapatali zothandiza ophunzira magalimoto. Malamulo kotero kuti osati anatsimikizira kukhazikitsa chitsimikizo cha mphamvu malamulo, komanso amaonetsetsa chitetezo awo ndi kubwezeretsedwa. Izi nayenso chinatsimikizira dongosolo demokalase malamulo.