Aspen yophukira - kukongola zosaneneka ndi chipolowe cha mitundu

M'dzinja umakhala ndi chikhalidwe chapadera. Mu chikhalidwe, chirichonse utatha ndipo akukonzekera kupita ku tulo yozizira. Mitengo kuwala kwa m'dzinja dzuwa kuyang'ana modziwika kaso. Koma Aspen yophukira maonekedwe zokongola ena. mtundu zimenezi zosiyanasiyana mtundu wa korona, kulenga yosatheka kuneneka chithunzi zodabwitsa, chikhalidwe apatsa kwa onse. Kudutsa paki yophukira kapena nkhalango, pamene pali Aspen ndi mitengo ina, ndi lingaliro zodabwitsa. Zochitika kukongola kwa dziko, ndipo mukhoza kupeza kwambiri maganizo abwino ndi recharge pewani maganizo.

makhalidwe General

Aspen mtengo wa banja la msondodzi, popula mtundu. Nthawi zina ukufika mamita 35 m'litali. Photo Aspen mu kugwa pamaso amatsata amatsegula mtengo yowala ndi wochepa kwambiri. Makungwa a thunthu ndi kuwala imvi kapena Kamaoneka, nthawi zina ndi zolemba brownish. Mu view madzulo wa Aspen mu kugwa akhoza kusokonezedwa ndi birch. Ichi ndi chifukwa zotsatira za "chowala" makungwa ake.

Koma pali kusiyana. Mtundu wa Aspen masamba mu kugwa ndi mitundu ya mbiya, mwinamwake birch angapo ndipo anati Komabe, kudzera mwa mtengo ndi wamphamvu kwambiri. makungwa ake ndi osalala kukhudza.

Kufotokozera Aspen m'dzinja ndi zofanana kwambiri ndi msondodzi. Pajatu anali wachibale wake wapafupi. N'zoona masamba Aspen ndi wavy ndi waukali ndiponso mphepo yake yaitali ndi flattened pa maziko a. Ndiyamika ziwalo Kroon kunjenjemera lililonse mphepo.

kumene ilo limakula

Kupanga aspens chithunzi m'dzinja mu nkhalango, muyenera kudziwa kumene mungapeze. Iwo amakonda kukula mu zigwembe pafupi madzi, pa mphonje ya. Nthawi zambiri angapezeke mu pafupi ndi birches ndi mkungudza. Aspen yophukira pafupi ndi nthambi zikuwoneka yowala kwambiri. A gulu lonse la mitundu ndi retell kovuta.

mitundu Tree umachuluka ngati pafupifupi mitundu yonse nthaka ndi kukula mofulumira. Nthawi zambiri mukhoza kukumana madera awo ambiri. Ichi chidapangidwa zikomo zotheka wamphamvu, bwino anayamba mizu ya mtengowo.

Kugwila kukumbukira kapena ntchito kamera zikuwoneka ngati Aspen mu kugwa, muyenera kupita ku nkhalango ndi kupeza wina wa madera awa. Apa, chipolowe cha mitundu kupanga amasirira malingaliro a chikhalidwe.

Mu Aspen akuwombera m'dzinja mungapeze mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bowa. Choncho kuyenda, kuwonjezera zosangalatsa zokongoletsa, ndipo akhoza kubweretsa chuma.

Kodi moyo Aspen

Miyendo mu yophukira mu nkhalango kapena paki, mukhoza kwambiri m'maganizo kuwomba kukongola chithunzi aspens. Amakhala pa mtengo wa moyo angafanane ndi munthu. Aspen kawirikawiri amakhala zaka zoposa 90. anthu osowa kwambiri amene anakhala zaka 150. Koma kwa nthawi yaitali mtengo angakhale mu mibadwo yawo tchire.

Choyamba masika Aspen yokutidwa ndi maluwa. M'chilimwe ndi wobiriwira. Koma yophukira mtengo zimapangitsa osangalatsa kwambiri. Ndi wina Aspen. Masamba m'dzinja utoto zosiyanasiyana mitundu. The zosiyanasiyana mitundu ndi kokwanira.

Kukongoletsa khalidwe Aspen, makamaka autumn, n'zovuta Musaone. Ngati tsiku adzaima dzuwa, masamba onse zokongola adzakhala kung'anima kuwala.

masamba

Izi zotsatira lapadera pa kukongola kuwala zimatheka ndi mtundu wa masamba. Photo Aspen mu autumn, pansipa, kumasonyeza bwino. Tsamba lirilonse ali anamaliza kapena rhombic-anamaliza maonekedwe. Nthawi zina m'lifupi kuposa kutalika.

M'mphepete wavy, yosamveka mano. Long mphepo woonda mofewa. Angathe zomangira mfundo. Iye flattened pa maziko a. Mu coppice ndi kutalika kwa woyambira masamba m'malo lalikulu ndi angafikire masentimita 15. Ngati ali aang'ono, mwina kutchulidwa fluffiness. Koma msinkhu, kukhala anabala.

kusintha mtundu

Ataona nkhalango kuliganizira wapadera wa akuona Aspen. Yophukira masamba mu umodzi ndi mtundu womwewo angakhale osiyana mithunzi. Izo zimatengera njira mankhwala kunachitika iwo.

Mu chilimwe, mndandanda chimakhala chogwidwa ndi wambirimbiri chlorophyll. Choncho, mitengo yonse korona wobiriwira. Ndi kufika ya nyundo wotchedwa chlorophyll m'malo carotenoids kapena anthocyanins.

M'MALO kumachitika pa kutopa zakudya mu tsamba. dzuŵa ndi zochepa Zimachititsa kaphatikizidwe chlorophyll. Ndi kuchepetsa michere nkhokwe pepala kuwonetseredwa inki zina kuti ntchito m'menemo anali, osati kuwonetseredwa lotseguka. Green wotchedwa chlorophyll pamaso kupondereza iwo. Ndi mitundu yake mofulumira zobisika ndi mithunzi kuima ndi kusewera mu ulemelero wake wa zosiyanasiyana awo.

Choncho Aspen masamba m'dzinja mtundu kuwala nawo mitundu yake yowala. Akatswiri ankachititsa zatsopano kudziwa maonekedwe a ndondomeko mtundu.

mtundu kuwala

Photo Aspen mtengo kugwa akutsegula omvera ndi yowala kwambiri, mitundu zimalimbikitsa. Zikudalira kuyatsa lapansi. Si nthawi zonse ndi yophukira view wa Aspen kudawala chokongoletsera zimenezi. Zifukwa zoonekeratu, kuwala zimatheka pokhudzana ndi korona wa dzuwa.

Pankhaniyi, ayenera kulemekezedwa zinthu zambiri. The machulukitsidwe waukulu zimatheka ozizira yophukira tsiku, pamene kutentha pakati pa 0 ndi 7 madigiri.

Mu nthawi oyambirira kugwa ali ndi mithunzi kukuwalirawalirabe, koma zina, mtundu amakhala dimmer. Masamba kutembenukira mithunzi ya bulauni ndi kuguluka. Mu inki izi chikuchepa. masamba Brown, omwe Tingaone pa nthaka pa njira ya dzinja, ndi kwathunthu yopanda particles colorant korona kamodzi yowala.

yellow

Aspen mitengo kugwa kungakhale yosiyanasiyana. Ngati pepala si osakhala carotenoids ndi anthocyanin kaphatikizidwe, kapena amakhala lalanje chikasu. Pamaso pa pigment izi mu tsamba zimawonedwa m'chilimwe.

Izi zikhoza kukhazikitsidwa empirically. Green tsamba Aspen pansi ndi kuika mu mayeso chubu. Mowa ungathe Tingafinye ku misa chlorophyll. Apa pali inki. Kwa iwo mu 2 ml ya osakaniza chifukwa Chinawonjezeka 2 madontho a madzi and 4 ml ya mafuta.

Chubu padagwedezeka mwamphamvu. wosanjikiza m'munsi mowa akutembenukira chikasu ndi chapamwamba mafuta - wobiriwira. N'zosavuta kufotokoza. xanthophyll mankhwala si kupasuka mu mafuta, lomwe mosavuta sungunuka chlorophyll.

Carotene pamodzi ndi mtundu wobiriwira tsopano mu pamwamba wosanjikiza. Ndi zosaoneka, chifukwa wotchedwa chlorophyll yagoletsa izo. Carotene ndi xanthophyll ofanana katundu awo ndi a gulu lomweli la inki. Kudziwa pamaso pa wobiriwira wobiriwira tsopano ndi mafuta wosanjikiza, kuwonjezera kwa mbale ndi soda (KOH, NaOH). Iwo otembenuka wotchedwa chlorophyll mu chinthu insoluble mu mafuta.

Aspen mu autumn, Kuwulura amene akhoza kawirikawiri amapezeka m'mabuku, akuthamanga zochita zina zingapo mankhwala, koma chofunikira n'chimodzimodzi. Pambuyo kugwedeza mayeso chubu si kupasuka mu mpanda wa ndi wotchedwa chlorophyll soda a mafuta uyikidwa mu interlayer mowa.

Tsopano chikasu carotene Madontho mafuta (zionekera), ndi wosanjikiza mowa ndi wobiriwira. Izi zikutsimikizira kuti kuli pepala, ngakhale chilimwe wotchedwa chlorophyll, carotene ndi xanthophyll.

Sakhala ofiira

Kuuza mtundu wa Aspen mu kugwa, si adjectives zokwanira. mapepala ndi akhoza kupangidwa ndi pigment ake ofiira. mtundu Izi zimapangitsa yosiyanasiyana. inki amenewa amatchedwa anthocyanins. Zikupezeka mu vacuoles selo kuyamwa. mtundu awo zimadalira acidity wa madzi.

Nditakhala zinachitikira, n'zosavuta kuti atsimikizire. Red tsamba Aspen nthaka ndi madzi mu nsupa ya. Pambuyo Kutentha, madzi amakhala wofiira. Iwo agawidwa machubu awiri atsopano.

Choyamba asidi anawonjezera acetic, ndipo chachiwiri - ammonia. Mu chidebe madzi ndi asidi amakhala pinki ndi zamchere - chikasu (nthawizina buluu kapena wobiriwira, malingana ndende).

Mosiyana carotenoids anthocyanins anapanga pepala pambuyo kuchepetsa okhutira chlorophyll. Kuwonjezera shuga pepala dongosolo kumathandiza. Mphamvu ya mapangidwe anthocyanins ku akorona yowala.

Choncho, kufotokoza zomwe ndi Aspen mu kugwa, muyenera kuyang'ana mu zikhalidwe za malo ake. Chekeni zimadalira nyengo. Mu yophukira ozizira ndi wofiira, ndi ofunda, koma mvula - wachikasu.

Zotsatira ndi kukongola nkhuni

Aspen yophukira Chinthu chochititsa chidwi kukongola kwa anthu m'mayiko ambiri pa dziko lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, mu Colorado dzina la mtengo uwu umatchedwa otchuka "Aspen" ski achisangalalo.

Kuopa mu mphepo masamba chonyezimira zomera uyu okongola mwapadera chabe chidwi tsiku amatsata m'dzinja. A chipolowe cha mitundu, amene atsegula anthu chikhalidwe cha pepala pambuyo pa imfa ya wotchedwa chlorophyll sadzasiya aliyense osayanjanitsika munthu.

More kugonjetsedwa ndi chimfine inki carotenoids ndi anthocyanins, ngati phale wosaoneka ziboliboli, analemba yophukira chithunzi chenicheni cha otizungulira. Inde zachilengedwe silimatha Timasangalalanso munthu.

Weather ndi malo zinthu zikuthandiza kuti chilengedwe cha zokongola wojambula m'chilengedwe. dziko wozizwitsawu atsegula kutsogolo kwa bwana wapadera, malo wake wapadera, kupanga munthu moyo, mtendere ndi chimwemwe.

Aspen yophukira akutsegula yosatheka kuneneka kukongola anthu. Chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana mankhwala mchikakamizo cha nyengo ndi chilengedwe, inki kuonekera mu masamba a mtengo mu yofanana mosayembekezeka. Izi ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi yosangalatsa kwambiri kanthu.